@fastify/swagger
A Fastify plugin for serving Swagger (OpenAPI v2) or OpenAPI v3 schemas, which are automatically generated from your route schemas, or from an existing Swagger/OpenAPI schema.
If you are looking for a plugin to generate routes from an existing OpenAPI schema, check out fastify-openapi-glue.
Following plugins serve Swagger/OpenAPI front-ends based on the swagger definitions generated by this plugin:
See also the migration guide for migrating from @fastify/swagger
version <= <=7.x
to version >=8.x
.
Install
npm i @fastify/swagger
Compatibility
Plugin version | Fastify version |
---|
^7.0.0 | ^4.0.0 |
^6.0.0 | ^3.0.0 |
^3.0.0 | ^2.0.0 |
^1.0.0 | ^1.0.0 |
Please note that if a Fastify version is out of support, then so are the corresponding version(s) of this plugin
in the table above.
See Fastify's LTS policy for more details.
Usage
Add it to your project with register
, pass it some options, call the swagger
API, and you are done! Below an example of how to configure the OpenAPI v3 specification with Fastify Swagger:
const fastify = require('fastify')()
await fastify.register(require('@fastify/swagger'), {
openapi: {
openapi: '3.0.0',
info: {
title: 'Test swagger',
description: 'Testing the Fastify swagger API',
version: '0.1.0'
},
servers: [
{
url: 'http://localhost:3000',
description: 'Development server'
}
],
tags: [
{ name: 'user', description: 'User related end-points' },
{ name: 'code', description: 'Code related end-points' }
],
components: {
securitySchemes: {
apiKey: {
type: 'apiKey',
name: 'apiKey',
in: 'header'
}
}
},
externalDocs: {
url: 'https://swagger.io',
description: 'Find more info here'
}
}
})
fastify.put('/some-route/:id', {
schema: {
description: 'post some data',
tags: ['user', 'code'],
summary: 'qwerty',
security: [{ apiKey: [] }],
params: {
type: 'object',
properties: {
id: {
type: 'string',
description: 'user id'
}
}
},
body: {
type: 'object',
properties: {
hello: { type: 'string' },
obj: {
type: 'object',
properties: {
some: { type: 'string' }
}
}
}
},
response: {
201: {
description: 'Successful response',
type: 'object',
properties: {
hello: { type: 'string' }
}
},
default: {
description: 'Default response',
type: 'object',
properties: {
foo: { type: 'string' }
}
}
}
}
}, (req, reply) => { })
await fastify.ready()
fastify.swagger()
With @fastify/autoload
You need to register @fastify/swagger
before registering routes.
const fastify = require('fastify')()
const fastify = fastify()
await fastify.register(require('@fastify/swagger'))
fastify.register(require("@fastify/autoload"), {
dir: path.join(__dirname, 'routes')
})
await fastify.ready()
fastify.swagger()
API
Register options
Modes
@fastify/swagger
supports two registration modes dynamic
and static
:
Dynamic
dynamic
is the default mode, if you use @fastify/swagger
this way API schemas will be auto-generated from route schemas:
{
swagger: {
info: {
title: String,
description: String,
version: String
},
externalDocs: Object,
host: String,
schemes: [ String ],
consumes: [ String ],
produces: [ String ],
tags: [ Object ],
securityDefinitions: Object
},
}
All properties detailed in the Swagger (OpenAPI v2) and OpenAPI v3 specifications can be used.
@fastify/swagger
will generate API schemas that adhere to the Swagger specification by default.
If provided an openapi
option it will generate OpenAPI compliant API schemas instead.
Examples of using @fastify/swagger
in dynamic
mode:
Static
static
mode must be configured explicitly. In this mode @fastify/swagger
serves an already existing Swagger or OpenAPI schema that is passed to it in specification.path
:
{
mode: 'static',
specification: {
path: './examples/example-static-specification.yaml',
postProcessor: function(swaggerObject) {
return swaggerObject
},
baseDir: '/path/to/external/spec/files/location',
},
}
The specification.postProcessor
parameter is optional. It allows you to change your Swagger object on the fly (for example - based on the environment).
It accepts swaggerObject
- a JavaScript object that was parsed from your yaml
or json
file and should return a Swagger schema object.
specification.baseDir
allows specifying the directory where all spec files that are included in the main one using $ref
will be located.
By default, this is the directory where the main spec file is located. Provided value should be an absolute path without trailing slash.
An example of using @fastify/swagger
with static
mode enabled can be found here.
Options
Option | Default | Description |
---|
hiddenTag | X-HIDDEN | Tag to control hiding of routes. |
hideUntagged | false | If true remove routes without tags from resulting Swagger/OpenAPI schema file. |
initOAuth | {} | Configuration options for Swagger UI initOAuth. |
openapi | {} | OpenAPI configuration. |
stripBasePath | true | Strips base path from routes in docs. |
swagger | {} | Swagger configuration. |
transform | null | Transform method for the route's schema and url. documentation. |
transformObject | null | Transform method for the swagger or openapi object before it is rendered. documentation. |
refResolver | {} | Option to manage the $ref s of your application's schemas. Read the $ref documentation |
exposeHeadRoutes | false | Include HEAD routes in the definitions |
Transform
By passing a synchronous transform
function you can modify the route's url and schema.
You may also access the openapiObject
and swaggerObject
Some possible uses of this are:
- add the
hide
flag on schema according to your own logic based on url & schema - altering the route url into something that's more suitable for the api spec
- using different schemas such as Joi and transforming them to standard JSON schemas expected by this plugin
- hiding routes based on version constraints
This option is available in dynamic
mode only.
Examples of all the possible uses mentioned:
const convert = require('joi-to-json')
await fastify.register(require('@fastify/swagger'), {
swagger: { ... },
transform: ({ schema, url, route, swaggerObject }) => {
const {
params,
body,
querystring,
headers,
response,
...transformedSchema
} = schema
let transformedUrl = url
if (params) transformedSchema.params = convert(params)
if (body) transformedSchema.body = convert(body)
if (querystring) transformedSchema.querystring = convert(querystring)
if (headers) transformedSchema.headers = convert(headers)
if (response) transformedSchema.response = convert(response)
if (url.startsWith('/internal')) transformedSchema.hide = true
if (url.startsWith('/latest_version/endpoint')) transformedUrl = url.replace('latest_version', 'v3')
if (route?.constraints?.version !== swaggerObject.swagger) transformedSchema.hide = true
return { schema: transformedSchema, url: transformedUrl }
}
})
You can also attach the transform function on a specific endpoint:
fastify.get("/", {
schema: { ... },
config: {
swaggerTransform: ({ schema, url, route, swaggerObject }) => { ... }
}
})
If both a global and a local transform function is available for an endpoint, the endpoint-specific transform function will be used.
The local transform function can be useful if you:
- want to add additional information to a specific endpoint
- have an endpoint which requires different transformation from other endpoints
- want to entirely ignore the global transform function for one endpoint
The endpoint-specific transform can be used to "disable" the global transform function by passing in false
instead of a function.
Transform Object
By passing a synchronous transformObject
function you can modify the resulting swaggerObject
or openapiObject
before it is rendered.
await fastify.register(require('@fastify/swagger'), {
swagger: { ... },
transformObject ({ swaggerObject }) => {
swaggerObject.info.title = 'Transformed';
return swaggerObject;
}
})
Managing your $ref
s
When this plugin is configured as dynamic
mode, it will resolve all $ref
s in your application's schemas.
This process will create an new in-line schema that is going to reference itself.
This logic step is done to make sure that the generated documentation is valid, otherwise the Swagger UI will try to fetch the schemas from the server or the network and fail.
By default, this option will resolve all $ref
s renaming them to def-${counter}
, but your view models keep the original $id
naming thanks to the title
parameter.
To customize this logic you can pass a refResolver
option to the plugin:
await fastify.register(require('@fastify/swagger'), {
swagger: { ... },
...
refResolver: {
buildLocalReference (json, baseUri, fragment, i) {
return json.$id || `my-fragment-${i}`
}
}
}
To deep down the buildLocalReference
arguments, you may read the documentation.
Route options
It is possible to instruct @fastify/swagger
to include specific HEAD
routes in the definitions
by adding exposeHeadRoute
in the route config, like so:
fastify.get('/with-head', {
schema: {
operationId: 'with-head',
response: {
200: {
description: 'Expected Response',
type: 'object',
properties: {
foo: { type: 'string' }
}
}
}
},
config: {
swagger: {
exposeHeadRoute: true,
}
}
}, () => {})
Response Options
Response description and response body description
description
is a required field as per the Swagger specification. If it is not provided then the plugin will automatically generate one with the value 'Default Response'
.
If you supply a description
it will be used for both the response and response body schema, for example:
fastify.get('/description', {
schema: {
response: {
200: {
description: 'response and schema description',
type: 'string'
}
}
}
}, () => {})
Generates this in a Swagger (OpenAPI v2) schema's paths
:
{
"/description": {
"get": {
"responses": {
"200": {
"description": "response and schema description",
"schema": {
"description": "response and schema description",
"type": "string"
}
}
}
}
}
}
And this in a OpenAPI v3 schema's paths
:
{
"/description": {
"get": {
"responses": {
"200": {
"description": "response and schema description",
"content": {
"application/json": {
"schema": {
"description": "response and schema description",
"type": "string"
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
If you want to provide different descriptions for the response and response body, use the x-response-description
field alongside description
:
fastify.get('/responseDescription', {
schema: {
response: {
200: {
'x-response-description': 'response description',
description: 'schema description',
type: 'string'
}
}
}
}, () => {})
Additionally, if you provide a $ref
in your response schema but no description, the reference's description will be used as a fallback. Note that at the moment, $ref
will only be resolved by matching with $id
and not through complex paths.
Status code 2xx
Fastify supports both the 2xx
and 3xx
status codes, however Swagger (OpenAPI v2) itself does not.
@fastify/swagger
transforms 2xx
status codes into 200
, but will omit it if a 200
status code has already been declared.
OpenAPI v3 supports the 2xx
syntax so is unaffected.
Example:
{
response: {
'2xx': {
description: '2xx',
type: 'object'
}
}
}
{
response: {
200: {
schema: {
description: '2xx',
type: 'object'
}
}
}
}
You can decorate your own response headers by following the below example:
{
response: {
200: {
type: 'object',
headers: {
'X-Foo': {
type: 'string'
}
}
}
}
}
Note: You need to specify type
property when you decorate the response headers, otherwise the schema will be modified by Fastify.
Different content types responses
Note: not supported by Swagger (OpenAPI v2), only OpenAPI v3
Different content types responses are supported by @fastify/swagger
and @fastify
.
Please use content
for the response otherwise Fastify itself will fail to compile the schema:
{
response: {
200: {
description: 'Description and all status-code based properties are working',
content: {
'application/json': {
schema: {
name: { type: 'string' },
image: { type: 'string' },
address: { type: 'string' }
}
},
'application/vnd.v1+json': {
schema: {
fullName: { type: 'string' },
phone: { type: 'string' }
}
}
}
}
}
}
Empty Body Responses
Empty body responses are supported by @fastify/swagger
.
Please specify type: 'null'
for the response otherwise Fastify itself will fail to compile the schema:
{
response: {
204: {
type: 'null',
description: 'No Content'
},
503: {
type: 'null',
description: 'Service Unavailable'
}
}
}
OpenAPI Parameter Options
Note: OpenAPI's terminology differs from Fastify's. OpenAPI uses "parameter" to refer to parts of a request that in Fastify's validation documentation are called "querystring", "params", and "headers".
OpenAPI provides some options beyond those provided by the JSON schema specification for specifying the shape of parameters. A prime example of this is the collectionFormat
option for specifying how to encode parameters that should be handled as arrays of values.
These encoding options only change how Swagger UI presents its documentation and how it generates curl
commands when the Try it out
button is clicked.
Depending on which options you set in your schema, you may also need to change the default query string parser used by Fastify so that it produces a JavaScript object that will conform to the schema.
As far as arrays are concerned, the default query string parser conforms to the collectionFormat: "multi"
specification.
If you were to select collectionFormat: "csv"
, you would have to replace the default query string parser with one that parses CSV parameter values into arrays.
The same applies to the other parts of a request that OpenAPI calls "parameters" and which are not encoded as JSON in a request.
You can also apply different serialization style
and explode
as specified here.
@fastify/swagger
supports these options as shown in this example:
const fastify = Fastify({
ajv: {
customOptions: {
keywords: ['collectionFormat']
}
}
})
fastify.route({
method: 'GET',
url: '/',
schema: {
querystring: {
type: 'object',
required: ['fields'],
additionalProperties: false,
properties: {
fields: {
type: 'array',
items: {
type: 'string'
},
minItems: 1,
collectionFormat: 'multi'
}
},
explode: false,
style: "deepObject"
}
},
handler (request, reply) {
reply.send(request.query.fields)
}
})
There is a complete runnable example here.
Complex serialization in query and cookie, eg. JSON
Note: not supported by Swagger (OpenAPI v2), only OpenAPI v3
http://localhost/?filter={"foo":"baz","bar":"qux"}
IMPORTANT CAVEAT You will need to change the default query string parser used by Fastify so that it produces a JavaScript object that will conform to the schema. See example.
fastify.route({
method: 'GET',
url: '/',
schema: {
querystring: {
type: 'object',
required: ['filter'],
additionalProperties: false,
properties: {
filter: {
type: 'object',
required: ['foo'],
properties: {
foo: { type: 'string' },
bar: { type: 'string' }
},
'x-consume': 'application/json'
}
}
}
},
handler (request, reply) {
reply.send(request.query.filter)
}
})
Will generate this in the OpenAPI v3 schema's paths
:
{
"/": {
"get": {
"parameters": [
{
"in": "query",
"name": "filter",
"required": true,
"content": {
"application/json": {
"schema": {
"type": "object",
"required": [
"foo"
],
"properties": {
"foo": {
"type": "string"
},
"bar": {
"type": "string"
}
}
}
}
}
}
]
}
}
}
Route parameters
Route parameters in Fastify are called params, these are values included in the URL of the requests, for example:
fastify.route({
method: 'GET',
url: '/:id',
schema: {
params: {
type: 'object',
properties: {
id: {
type: 'string',
description: 'user id'
}
}
}
},
handler (request, reply) {
reply.send(request.params.id)
}
})
Will generate this in the Swagger (OpenAPI v2) schema's paths
:
{
"/{id}": {
"get": {
"parameters": [
{
"type": "string",
"description": "user id",
"required": true,
"in": "path",
"name": "id"
}
],
"responses": {
"200": {
"description": "Default Response"
}
}
}
}
}
Will generate this in the OpenAPI v3 schema's paths
:
{
"/{id}": {
"get": {
"parameters": [
{
"schema": {
"type": "string"
},
"in": "path",
"name": "id",
"required": true,
"description": "user id"
}
],
"responses": {
"200": {
"description": "Default Response"
}
}
}
}
}
Whether params
is not present in the schema, or a schema is not provided, parameters are automatically generated, for example:
fastify.route({
method: 'POST',
url: '/:id',
handler (request, reply) {
reply.send(request.params.id)
}
})
Will generate this in the Swagger (OpenAPI v2) schema's paths
:
{
"/{id}": {
"get": {
"parameters": [
{
"type": "string",
"required": true,
"in": "path",
"name": "id"
}
],
"responses": {
"200": {
"description": "Default Response"
}
}
}
}
}
Will generate this in the OpenAPI v3 schema's paths
:
{
"/{id}": {
"get": {
"parameters": [
{
"schema": {
"type": "string"
},
"in": "path",
"name": "id",
"required": true
}
],
"responses": {
"200": {
"description": "Default Response"
}
}
}
}
}
Links
Note: not supported by Swagger (OpenAPI v2), only OpenAPI v3
OpenAPI v3 Links are added by adding a links
property to the top-level options of a route. See:
fastify.get('/user/:id', {
schema: {
params: {
type: 'object',
properties: {
id: {
type: 'string',
description: 'the user identifier, as userId'
}
},
required: ['id']
},
response: {
200: {
type: 'object',
properties: {
uuid: {
type: 'string',
format: 'uuid'
}
}
}
}
},
links: {
200: {
address: {
operationId: 'getUserAddress',
parameters: {
id: '$request.path.id'
}
}
}
}
}, () => {})
fastify.get('/user/:id/address', {
schema: {
operationId: 'getUserAddress',
params: {
type: 'object',
properties: {
id: {
type: 'string',
description: 'the user identifier, as userId'
}
},
required: ['id']
},
response: {
200: {
type: 'string'
}
}
}
}, () => {})
Hide a route
There are two ways to hide a route from the Swagger UI:
- Pass
{ hide: true }
to the schema object inside the route declaration. - Use the tag declared in
hiddenTag
options property inside the route declaration. Default is X-HIDDEN
.
Swagger function options
Registering @fastify/swagger
decorates the fastify instance with fastify.swagger()
, which returns a JSON object representing the API.
If { yaml: true }
is passed to fastify.swagger()
it will return a YAML string.
Integration
You can integrate this plugin with @fastify/helmet
with some little work.
@fastify/helmet
options example:
.register(helmet, instance => {
return {
contentSecurityPolicy: {
directives: {
...helmet.contentSecurityPolicy.getDefaultDirectives(),
"form-action": ["'self'"],
"img-src": ["'self'", "data:", "validator.swagger.io"],
"script-src": ["'self'"].concat(instance.swaggerCSP.script),
"style-src": ["'self'", "https:"].concat(
instance.swaggerCSP.style
),
}
}
}
})
Add examples to the schema
Note: OpenAPI and JSON Schema have different examples field formats.
Array with examples from JSON Schema converted to OpenAPI example
or examples
field automatically with generated names (example1, example2...):
fastify.route({
method: 'POST',
url: '/',
schema: {
querystring: {
type: 'object',
required: ['filter'],
properties: {
filter: {
type: 'object',
required: ['foo'],
properties: {
foo: { type: 'string' },
bar: { type: 'string' }
},
examples: [
{ foo: 'bar', bar: 'baz' },
{ foo: 'foo', bar: 'bar' }
]
}
},
examples: [
{ filter: { foo: 'bar', bar: 'baz' } }
]
}
},
handler (request, reply) {
reply.send(request.query.filter)
}
})
Will generate this in the OpenAPI v3 schema's path
:
"/": {
"post": {
"requestBody": {
"content": {
"application/json": {
"schema": {
"type": "object",
"required": ["filter"],
"properties": {
"filter": {
"type": "object",
"required": ["foo"],
"properties": {
"foo": { "type": "string" },
"bar": { "type": "string" }
},
"example": { "foo": "bar", "bar": "baz" }
}
}
},
"examples": {
"example1": {
"value": { "filter": { "foo": "bar", "bar": "baz" } }
},
"example2": {
"value": { "filter": { "foo": "foo", "bar": "bar" } }
}
}
}
},
"required": true
},
"responses": { "200": { "description": "Default Response" } }
}
}
If you want to set your own names or add descriptions to the examples of schemas, you can use x-examples
field to set examples in OpenAPI format:
const fastify = Fastify({
ajv: {
plugins: [
function (ajv) {
ajv.addKeyword({ keyword: 'x-examples' })
}
]
}
})
fastify.route({
method: 'POST',
url: '/feed-animals',
schema: {
body: {
type: 'object',
required: ['animals'],
properties: {
animals: {
type: 'array',
items: {
type: 'string'
},
minItems: 1,
}
},
"x-examples": {
Cats: {
summary: "Feed cats",
description:
"A longer **description** of the options with cats",
value: {
animals: ["Tom", "Garfield", "Felix"]
}
},
Dogs: {
summary: "Feed dogs",
value: {
animals: ["Spike", "Odie", "Snoopy"]
}
}
}
}
},
handler (request, reply) {
reply.send(request.body.animals)
}
})
$id
and $ref
usage
Development
In order to start development run:
npm i
npm run prepare
So that swagger-ui static folder will be generated for you.
How it works under the hood
@fastify/static
serves swagger-ui
static files, then calls /docs/json
to get the Swagger file and render it.
How to work with $refs
The /docs/json
endpoint in dynamic mode produces a single swagger.json
file resolving all your
Acknowledgements
This project is kindly sponsored by:
License
Licensed under MIT.