@xmtp/xmtp-js

XMTP-JS

XMTP client SDK for JavaScript applications

xmtp-js provides a TypeScript implementation of an XMTP client for use with JavaScript and React applications.

Build with xmtp-js to provide messaging between blockchain wallet addresses, delivering on use cases such as wallet-to-wallet messaging and dapp-to-wallet notifications.

xmtp-js was included in a security assessment prepared by Certik.

To learn more about XMTP and get answers to frequently asked questions, see the XMTP documentation.

Playground and example apps built with xmtp-js

• Use the XMTP React playground app as a tool to start building an app with XMTP. This basic messaging app has an intentionally unopinionated UI to help make it easier for you to build with.

• Use the XMTP Inbox Web example app as a reference implementation to understand how to implement features following developer and user experience best practices.

Reference docs

Access the xmtp-js client SDK reference documentation.

Install

npm install @xmtp/xmtp-js

Additional configuration is required in React environments due to the removal of polyfills from Webpack 5.

Troubleshoot

Buffer polyfill

If you run into issues with Buffer and polyfills, see this solution.

BigInt polyfill

This SDK uses BigInt in a way that's incompatible with polyfills. To ensure that a polyfill isn't added to your application bundle, update your browserslist configuration to exclude browsers that don't support BigInt.

For the list of browsers that don't support BigInt, see this compatibility list.

Usage

The XMTP message API revolves around a network client that allows retrieving and sending messages to other network participants. A client must be connected to a wallet on startup. If this is the very first time the client is created, the client will generate a key bundle that is used to encrypt and authenticate messages. The key bundle persists encrypted in the network using a wallet signature. The public side of the key bundle is also regularly advertised on the network to allow parties to establish shared encryption keys. All this happens transparently, without requiring any additional code.

import { Client } from '@xmtp/xmtp-js'
import { Wallet } from 'ethers'

// You'll want to replace this with a wallet from your application
const wallet = Wallet.createRandom()
// Create the client with your wallet. This will connect to the XMTP development network by default
const xmtp = await Client.create(wallet)
// Start a conversation with XMTP
const conversation = await xmtp.conversations.newConversation(
  '0x3F11b27F323b62B159D2642964fa27C46C841897'
)
// Load all messages in the conversation
const messages = await conversation.messages()
// Send a message
await conversation.send('gm')
// Listen for new messages in the conversation
for await (const message of await conversation.streamMessages()) {
  console.log(`[${message.senderAddress}]: ${message.content}`)
}

Currently, network nodes are configured to rate limit high-volume publishing from clients. A rate-limited client can expect to receive a 429 status code response from a node. Rate limits can change at any time in the interest of maintaining network health.

Use local storage

Important
If you are building a production-grade app, be sure to use an architecture that includes a local cache backed by an XMTP SDK.

To learn more, see Use local-first architecture.

Create a client

A client is created with Client.create(wallet: Signer): Promise<Client> that requires passing in a connected wallet that implements the Signer interface. The client will request a wallet signature in two cases:

1. To sign the newly generated key bundle. This happens only the very first time when key bundle is not found in storage.
2. To sign a random salt used to encrypt the key bundle in storage. This happens every time the client is started (including the very first time).

Important
The client connects to the XMTP dev environment by default. Use ClientOptions to change this and other parameters of the network connection.

import { Client } from '@xmtp/xmtp-js'
// Create the client with a `Signer` from your application
const xmtp = await Client.create(wallet)

Configure the client

The client's network connection and key storage method can be configured with these optional parameters of Client.create:

Parameter	Default	Description
appVersion	undefined	Add a client app version identifier that's included with API requests. For example, you can use the following format: appVersion: APP_NAME + '/' + APP_VERSION. Setting this value provides telemetry that shows which apps are using the XMTP client SDK. This information can help XMTP developers provide app support, especially around communicating important SDK updates, including deprecations and required upgrades.
env	dev	Connect to the specified XMTP network environment. Valid values include dev, production, or local. For important details about working with these environments, see XMTP production and dev network environments.
apiUrl	undefined	Manually specify an API URL to use. If specified, value of env will be ignored.
keystoreProviders	[StaticKeystoreProvider, NetworkKeystoreProvider, KeyGeneratorKeystoreProvider]	Override the default behaviour of how the client creates a Keystore with a custom provider. This can be used to get the user's private keys from a different storage mechanism.
persistConversations	true	Maintain a cache of previously seen V2 conversations in the storage provider (defaults to LocalStorage).
skipContactPublishing	false	Do not publish the user's contact bundle to the network on client creation. Designed to be used in cases where the client session is short-lived (for example, decrypting a push notification), and where it is known that a client instance has been instantiated with this flag set to false at some point in the past.
codecs	[TextCodec]	Add codecs to support additional content types.
maxContentSize	100M	Maximum message content size in bytes.
preCreateIdentityCallback	undefined	preCreateIdentityCallback is a function that will be called immediately before a Create Identity wallet signature is requested from the user.
preEnableIdentityCallback	undefined	preEnableIdentityCallback is a function that will be called immediately before an Enable Identity wallet signature is requested from the user.
useSnaps	false	Enabling the useSnaps flag will allow the client to attempt to connect to the "Sign in with XMTP" MetaMask Snap as part of client creation. It is safe to enable this flag even if you do not know whether the user has an appropriate MetaMask version enabled. If no compatible version of MetaMask is found, client creation will proceed as if this flag was set to false. To learn more, see Interacting with Snaps.
basePersistence	InMemoryPersistence (Node.js) or LocalStoragePersistence (browser)	A persistence provider used by the Keystore to persist its cache of conversations and metadata. Ignored in cases where the useSnaps is enabled and the user has a Snaps-compatible browser.
apiClientFactory	HttpApiClient	Override the function used to create an API client for the XMTP network. If you are running xmtp-js on a server, you will want to import @xmtp/grpc-api-client and set this option to GrpcApiClient.fromOptions for better performance and reliability.

Conversations

Most of the time, when interacting with the network, you'll want to do it through conversations. Conversations are between two wallets.

import { Client } from '@xmtp/xmtp-js'
// Create the client with a `Signer` from your application
const xmtp = await Client.create(wallet)
const conversations = xmtp.conversations

List existing conversations

You can get a list of all conversations that have one or more messages.

const allConversations = await xmtp.conversations.list()
// Say gm to everyone you've been chatting with
for (const conversation of allConversations) {
  console.log(`Saying GM to ${conversation.peerAddress}`)
  await conversation.send('gm')
}

These conversations include all conversations for a user regardless of which app created the conversation. This functionality provides the concept of an interoperable inbox, which enables a user to access all of their conversations in any app built with XMTP.

Listen for new conversations

You can also listen for new conversations being started in real-time. This will allow applications to display incoming messages from new contacts.

Warning
This stream will continue infinitely. To end the stream you can either break from the loop, or call await stream.return().

const stream = await xmtp.conversations.stream()
for await (const conversation of stream) {
  console.log(`New conversation started with ${conversation.peerAddress}`)
  // Say hello to your new friend
  await conversation.send('Hi there!')
  // Break from the loop to stop listening
  break
}

Start a new conversation

You can create a new conversation with any Ethereum address on the XMTP network.

const newConversation = await xmtp.conversations.newConversation(
  '0x3F11b27F323b62B159D2642964fa27C46C841897'
)

Send messages

To be able to send a message, the recipient must have already started their client at least once and consequently advertised their key bundle on the network. Messages are addressed using wallet addresses. The message payload can be a plain string, but other types of content can be supported through the use of SendOptions (see Handle different types of content for more details)

const conversation = await xmtp.conversations.newConversation(
  '0x3F11b27F323b62B159D2642964fa27C46C841897'
)
await conversation.send('Hello world')

List messages in a conversation

You can receive the complete message history in a conversation by calling conversation.messages()

for (const conversation of await xmtp.conversations.list()) {
  // All parameters are optional and can be omitted
  const opts = {
    // Only show messages from last 24 hours
    startTime: new Date(new Date().setDate(new Date().getDate() - 1)),
    endTime: new Date(),
  }
  const messagesInConversation = await conversation.messages(opts)
}

Listen for new messages in a conversation

You can listen for any new messages (incoming or outgoing) in a conversation by calling conversation.streamMessages().

A successfully received message (that makes it through the decoding and decryption without throwing) can be trusted to be authentic, i.e. that it was sent by the owner of the message.senderAddress wallet and that it wasn't modified in transit. The message.sent timestamp can be trusted to have been set by the sender.

The Stream returned by the stream methods is an asynchronous iterator and as such usable by a for-await-of loop. Note however that it is by its nature infinite, so any looping construct used with it will not terminate, unless the termination is explicitly initiated (by breaking the loop or by an external call to Stream.return())

const conversation = await xmtp.conversations.newConversation(
  '0x3F11b27F323b62B159D2642964fa27C46C841897'
)
for await (const message of await conversation.streamMessages()) {
  if (message.senderAddress === xmtp.address) {
    // This message was sent from me
    continue
  }
  console.log(`New message from ${message.senderAddress}: ${message.content}`)
}

Listen for new messages in all conversations

To listen for any new messages from all conversations, use conversations.streamAllMessages().

Note
There is a chance this stream can miss messages if multiple new conversations are received in the time it takes to update the stream to include a new conversation.

for await (const message of await xmtp.conversations.streamAllMessages()) {
  if (message.senderAddress === xmtp.address) {
    // This message was sent from me
    continue
  }
  console.log(`New message from ${message.senderAddress}: ${message.content}`)
}

Check if an address is on the network

If you would like to check and see if a blockchain address is registered on the network before instantiating a client instance, you can use Client.canMessage.

import { Client } from '@xmtp/xmtp-js'

const isOnDevNetwork = await Client.canMessage(
  '0x3F11b27F323b62B159D2642964fa27C46C841897'
)
const isOnProdNetwork = await Client.canMessage(
  '0x3F11b27F323b62B159D2642964fa27C46C841897',
  { env: 'production' }
)

Send a broadcast message

You can send a broadcast message (1:many message or announcement) with XMTP. The recipient sees the message as a DM from the sending wallet address.

For important information about sending broadcast messages, see Best practices for broadcast messages.

1. Use the bulk query canMessage method to identify the wallet addresses that are activated on the XMTP network.
2. Send the message to all of the activated wallet addresses.

For example:

const ethers = require('ethers')
const { Client } = require('@xmtp/xmtp-js')

async function main() {
  //Create a random wallet for example purposes. On the frontend you should replace it with the user's wallet (metamask, rainbow, etc)
  const wallet = ethers.Wallet.createRandom()
  //Initialize the xmtp client
  const xmtp = await Client.create(wallet)

  //In this example we are going to broadcast to the GM_BOT wallet (already activated) and a random wallet (not activated)
  const GM_BOT = '0x937C0d4a6294cdfa575de17382c7076b579DC176'
  const test = ethers.Wallet.createRandom()
  const broadcasts_array = [GM_BOT, test.address]

  //Querying the activation status of the wallets
  const broadcasts_canMessage = await Client.canMessage(broadcasts_array)
  for (let i = 0; i < broadcasts_array.length; i++) {
    //Checking the activation status of each wallet
    const wallet = broadcasts_array[i]
    const canMessage = broadcasts_canMessage[i]
    if (broadcasts_canMessage[i]) {
      //If activated, start
      const conversation = await xmtp.conversations.newConversation(wallet)
      // Send a message
      const sent = await conversation.send('gm')
    }
  }
}
main()

Handle different types of content

All send functions support SendOptions as an optional parameter. The contentType option allows specifying different types of content than the default simple string standard content type, which is identified with content type identifier ContentTypeText.

To learn more about content types, see Content types with XMTP.

Support for other types of content can be added by registering additional ContentCodecs with the Client. Every codec is associated with a content type identifier, ContentTypeId, which is used to signal to the client which codec should be used to process the content that is being sent or received.

For example, see the Codecs available in xmtp-js.

If there is a concern that the recipient may not be able to handle a non-standard content type, the sender can use the contentFallback option to provide a string that describes the content being sent. If the recipient fails to decode the original content, the fallback will replace it and can be used to inform the recipient what the original content was.

// Assuming we've loaded a fictional NumberCodec that can be used to encode numbers,
// and is identified with ContentTypeNumber, we can use it as follows.

xmtp.registerCodec:(new NumberCodec())
conversation.send(3.14, {
  contentType: ContentTypeNumber,
  contentFallback: 'sending you a pie'
})

As shown in the example above, you must provide a contentFallback value. Use it to provide an alt text-like description of the original content. Providing a contentFallback value enables clients that don't support the content type to still display something meaningful.

Caution
If you don't provide a contentFallback value, clients that don't support the content type will display an empty message. This results in a poor user experience and breaks interoperability.

Additional codecs can be configured through the ClientOptions parameter of Client.create. The codecs option is a list of codec instances that should be added to the default set of codecs (currently only the TextCodec). If a codec is added for a content type that is already in the default set, it will replace the original codec.

// Adding support for `xmtp.org/composite` content type
import { CompositeCodec } from '@xmtp/xmtp-js'
const xmtp = Client.create(wallet, { codecs: [new CompositeCodec()] })

To learn more about how to build a custom content type, see Build a custom content type.

Custom codecs and content types may be proposed as interoperable standards through XRCs. To learn about the custom content type proposal process, see XIP-5.

Compression

Message content can be optionally compressed using the compression option. The value of the option is the name of the compression algorithm to use. Currently supported are gzip and deflate. Compression is applied to the bytes produced by the content codec.

Content will be decompressed transparently on the receiving end. Note that Client enforces maximum content size. The default limit can be overridden through the ClientOptions. Consequently, a message that would expand beyond that limit on the receiving end will fail to decode.

import { Compression } from '@xmtp/xmtp-js'

conversation.send('#'.repeat(1000), {
  compression: Compression.COMPRESSION_DEFLATE,
})

Manually handle private key storage

The SDK will handle key storage for the user by encrypting the private key bundle using a signature generated from the wallet, and storing the encrypted payload on the XMTP network. This can be awkward for some server-side applications, where you may only want to give the application access to the XMTP keys but not your wallet keys. Mobile applications may also want to store keys in a secure enclave rather than rely on decrypting the remote keys on the network each time the application starts up.

You can export the unencrypted key bundle using the static method Client.getKeys, save it somewhere secure, and then provide those keys at a later time to initialize a new client using the exported XMTP identity.

import { Client } from '@xmtp/xmtp-js'
// Get the keys using a valid Signer. Save them somewhere secure.
const keys = await Client.getKeys(wallet)
// Create a client using keys returned from getKeys
const client = await Client.create(null, { privateKeyOverride: keys })

The keys returned by getKeys should be treated with the utmost care as compromise of these keys will allow an attacker to impersonate the user on the XMTP network. Ensure these keys are stored somewhere secure and encrypted.

Cache conversations

When running in a browser, conversations are cached in LocalStorage by default. Running client.conversations.list() will update that cache and persist the results to the browser's LocalStorage. The data stored in LocalStorage is encrypted and signed using the Keystore's identity key so that attackers cannot read the sensitive contents or tamper with them.

To disable this behavior, set the persistConversations client option to false.

const clientWithNoCache = await Client.create(wallet, {
  persistConversations: false,
})

Interacting with Snaps

If the user has a compatible version of MetaMask installed in their browser, and the useSnaps ClientCreateOption is set to true, the SDK will attempt to install and connect to the "Sign in with XMTP" Snap as part of client creation. If successful, all cryptographic operations will happen inside the secure context of the Snap instead of the main browser thread. This offers greater security and a smoother sign-in experience.

In cases where the Snap is being used, Client.getKeys() will fail because the client application has no access to the private key material when used with Snaps.

Currently, useSnaps uses a default value of false. However, in future versions of xmtp-js, it will be updated to use a default value of true.

Breaking revisions

Because xmtp-js is in active development, you should expect breaking revisions that might require you to adopt the latest SDK release to enable your app to continue working as expected.

XMTP communicates about breaking revisions in the XMTP Discord community, providing as much advance notice as possible. Additionally, breaking revisions in an xmtp-js release are described on the Releases page.

Deprecation

Older versions of the SDK will eventually be deprecated, which means:

1. The network will not support and eventually actively reject connections from clients using deprecated versions.
2. Bugs will not be fixed in deprecated versions.

The following table provides the deprecation schedule.

Announced	Effective	Minimum Version	Rationale
2022-08-18	2022-11-08	v6.0.0	XMTP network will stop supporting the Waku/libp2p-based client interface in favor of the new gRPC-based interface

Issues and PRs are welcome in accordance with our contribution guidelines.

XMTP production and dev network environments

XMTP provides both production and dev network environments to support the development phases of your project.

The production and dev networks are completely separate and not interchangeable. For example, for a given blockchain account address, its XMTP identity on dev network is completely distinct from its XMTP identity on the production network, as are the messages associated with these identities. In addition, XMTP identities and messages created on the dev network can't be accessed from or moved to the production network, and vice versa.

Important
When you create a client, it connects to the XMTP dev environment by default. To learn how to use the env parameter to set your client's network environment, see Configure the client.

The env parameter accepts one of three valid values: dev, production, or local. Here are some best practices for when to use each environment:

• dev: Use to have a client communicate with the dev network. As a best practice, set env to dev while developing and testing your app. Follow this best practice to isolate test messages to dev inboxes.

• production: Use to have a client communicate with the production network. As a best practice, set env to production when your app is serving real users. Follow this best practice to isolate messages between real-world users to production inboxes.

• local: Use to have a client communicate with an XMTP node you are running locally. For example, an XMTP node developer can set env to local to generate client traffic to test a node running locally.

The production network is configured to store messages indefinitely. XMTP may occasionally delete messages and keys from the dev network, and will provide advance notice in the XMTP Discord community.