language-tags

What is language-tags?

The language-tags npm package is a utility for working with IETF language tags (BCP 47). It provides functionality to parse, validate, and manipulate language tags, making it useful for handling language data in applications that need to support internationalization.

What are language-tags's main functionalities?

Parsing and Validating Language Tags

This feature allows you to parse a language tag string and check if it is valid according to BCP 47 standards. The example demonstrates how to parse the tag 'en-GB' and check its validity.

const tags = require('language-tags');
const tag = tags('en-GB');
console.log(tag.valid()); // true

Subtag Lookup

This feature enables looking up details of specific subtags within a language tag. In the example, it retrieves descriptions for the language subtag of 'en-GB'.

const tags = require('language-tags');
const tag = tags('en-GB');
console.log(tag.language().descriptions()); // ['English']

Data Access

This feature provides access to additional data related to a language tag, such as its scope, type, and more. The example shows how to access the scope of the 'en' language tag.

const tags = require('language-tags');
const data = tags('en').data();
console.log(data.scope); // 'macrolanguage'

Other packages similar to language-tags

bcp47

The bcp47 package is similar to language-tags as it also provides parsing and validation of BCP 47 language tags. However, it focuses more on the parsing aspect and less on providing metadata or manipulation capabilities.

ietf-language-tag-regex

This package offers regular expression patterns for validating BCP 47 language tags. Unlike language-tags, it does not provide parsing or detailed metadata access, focusing solely on validation through regex matching.

README

IANA Language Tags for JavaScript

Based on BCP 47 (RFC 5646) and the latest IANA language subtag registry.

This project will be updated as the standards change.

JSON data

See the language-subtag-registry project for the underlying JSON data.

API

var tags = require('language-tags')

Note that all lookups and checks for tags and subtags are case insensitive. For formatting according to common conventions, see tag.format.

tags(tag)

Check whether a hyphen-separated tag is valid and well-formed. Always returns a Tag, which can be checked using the valid method.

tags.check(tag)

Shortcut for tags(tag).valid(). Return true if the tag is valid, false otherwise. For meaningful error output see tag.errors().

tags.subtags(subtag), tags.subtags(subtags)

Look up one or more subtags. Returns an array of Subtag objects. Returns an empty array if all of the subtags are non-existent.

Calling tags.subtags('mt') will return an array with two Subtag objects: one for Malta (the 'region' type subtag) and one for Maltese (the 'language' type subtag).

> tags.subtags('mt');
[Subtag, Subtag]
> tags.subtags('bumblebee');
[]

To get or check a single subtag by type use tags.language(subtag), tags.region(subtag) or tags.type(subtag, type).

tags.filter(subtags)

The opposite of tags.subtags(subtags). Returns an array of codes that are not registered subtags, otherwise returns an empty array.

> tags.filter(['en', 'Aargh']);
['Aargh']

tags.search(description, [all])

Search for tags and subtags by description. Supports either a RegExp object or a string for description. Returns an array of Subtag and Tag objects or an empty array if no results were found.

Note that Tag objects in the results represent 'grandfathered' or 'redundant' tags. These are excluded by default. Set the all parameter to true to include them.

Search is case-insensitive if description is a string.

tags.languages(macrolanguage)

Returns an array of Subtag objects representing all the 'language' type subtags belonging to the given 'macrolanguage' type subtag.

Throws an error if macrolanguage is not a macrolanguage.

> tags.languages('zh');
[Subtag, Subtag...]
> tags.languages('en');
Error: 'en' is not a valid macrolanguage.

tags.language(subtag)

Convenience method to get a single 'language' type subtag. Can be used to validate an input value as a language subtag. Returns a Subtag object or null.

> tags.language('en');
Subtag
> tags.language('us');
null

tags.region(subtag)

As above, but with 'region' type subtags.

> tags.region('mt');
Subtag
> tags.region('en');
null

tags.type(subtag, type)

Get a subtag by type. Returns the subtag matching type as a Subtag object otherwise returns null.

A type consists of one of the following strings: 'language', 'extlang', 'script', 'region' or 'variant'. To get a 'grandfathered' or 'redundant' type tag use tags(tag).

> tags.type('zh', 'macrolanguage');
Subtag
> tags.type('zh', 'script');
null

tags.date()

Returns the file date for the underlying data, as a string.

> tags.date();
'2004-06-28'

Subtag

subtag.type()

Get the subtag type (either 'language', 'extlang', 'script', 'region' or 'variant'). See RFC 5646 section 2.2 for type definitions.

subtag.descriptions()

Returns an array of description strings (a subtag may have more than one description).

> tags.language('ro').descriptions();
['Romanian', 'Moldavian', 'Moldovan']

subtag.preferred()

Returns a preferred subtag as a Subtag object if the subtag is deprecated. For example, ro is preferred over deprecated mo.

> tags.language('mo').preferred();
Subtag

subtag.script()

For subtags of type 'language' or 'extlang', returns a Subtag object representing the language's default script. See RFC 5646 section 3.1.9 for a definition of 'Suppress-Script'.

subtag.scope()

Returns the subtag scope as a string, or null if the subtag has no scope.

Tip: if the subtag represents a macrolanguage, you can use tags.languages(macrolanguage) to get a list of all the macrolanguage's individual languages.

> tags.language('zh').scope();
'macrolanguage'
> tags.language('nah').scope();
'collection'

subtag.deprecated()

Returns a date string reflecting the deprecation date if the subtag is deprecated, otherwise returns null.

> tags.language('ja').deprecated();
'2008-11-22'

subtag.added()

Returns a date string reflecting the date the subtag was added to the registry.

> tags.language('ja').added();
'2005-10-16'

subtag.comments()

Returns an array of comments, if any, otherwise returns an empty array.

> tags.language('nmf').comments();
['see ntx']

subtag.format()

Return the subtag code formatted according to the case conventions defined in RFC 5646 section 2.1.1.

• language codes are made lowercase ('mn' for Mongolian)
• script codes are made lowercase with the initial letter capitalized ('Cyrl' for Cyrillic)
• country codes are capitalized ('MN' for Mongolia)

Tag

tag.preferred()

If the tag is listed as 'deprecated' or 'redundant' it might have a preferred value. This method returns a Tag object if so.

> tags('zh-cmn-Hant').preferred();
Tag

tag.type()

Returns grandfathered if the tag is grandfathered, redundant if the tag is redundant, and tag if neither. For a definition of grandfathered and redundant tags, see RFC 5646 section 2.2.8.

tag.subtags()

Returns an array of subtags making up the tag, as Subtag objects.

tag.language(), tag.region(), tag.script()

Shortcuts for tag.find('language'), tag.find('region') and tag.find('script').

tag.find(type)

Find a subtag of the given type from those making up the tag.

tag.valid()

Returns true if the tag is valid, false otherwise.

tag.errors()

Returns an array of Error objects if the tag is invalid. The message property of each is readable and helpful enough for UI output. The code property can be checked against the Tag.ERR_* constants. Each error will also have either a subtag or tag property with the code of the offending tag.

tag.format()

Format a tag according to the case conventions defined in RFC 5646 section 2.1.1.

> tags('en-gb').format();
'en-GB'

tag.deprecated()

For grandfathered or redundant tags, returns a date string reflecting the deprecation date if the tag is deprecated.

> tags('zh-cmn-Hant').deprecated();
'2009-07-29'

tag.added()

For grandfathered or redundant tags, returns a date string reflecting the date the tag was added to the registry.

tag.descriptions()

Returns an array of tag descriptions for grandfathered or redundant tags, otherwise returns an empty array.

Resources

• Python version by the Flanders Heritage Agency
• Language Subtag Lookup tool by Richard Ishida
• W3C Internationalization Checker
• RFC 5646

Credits and collaboration

Copyright (c) 2013, Matthew Caruana Galizia.

The software part of this project is licensed under an MIT licence.

Comments, feedback and suggestions are welcome. Please feel free to raise an issue or pull request. Enjoy.