algebraical

=========== algebraical

Subclass of the built-in function type <https://docs.python.org/3/library/operator.html>__ for representing algebraic operators (that are typically associated with algebraic structures and algebraic circuits) as immutable, hashable, sortable, and callable objects.

This library is compatible with the circuit <https://pypi.org/project/circuit>__ library and is intended to complement the logical <https://pypi.org/project/logical>__ library for logical operations.

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Installation and Usage

This library is available as a package on PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/algebraical>__::

python -m pip install algebraical

The library can be imported in the usual ways::

import algebraical
from algebraical import *

Examples ^^^^^^^^

.. |algebraical| replace:: algebraical .. _algebraical: https://algebraical.readthedocs.io/en/0.1.1/_source/algebraical.html#algebraical.algebraical.algebraical

.. |operator| replace:: operator .. _operator: https://docs.python.org/3/library/operator.html

Each instance of the |algebraical|_ class (derived from the type of the built-in functions found in the built-in |operator|_ library) represents a function that operates on values of typical algebraic structures (such as numeric <https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#numeric-types-int-float-complex>__ types and any classes that define the special methods <https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#emulating-numeric-types>__ associated with these built-in operators)::

>>> from algebraical import algebraical
>>> algebraical.add_(1, 2)
3

Methods for retrieving the name and arity of an |algebraical|_ instance are provided::

>>> algebraical.add_.name()
'add'
>>> algebraical.add_.arity()
2

Instances of |algebraical|_ can be compared according to their precedence::

>>> algebraical.pow_ > algebraical.mul_
True
>>> algebraical.pow_ <= algebraical.add_
False
>>> sorted([pow_, mul_, add_] # From lowest to highest precedence.
[add_, mul_, pow_]

Instances are also hashable and can be used as members of sets <https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#sets>__ and as keys within dictionaries <https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries>__::

>>> from algebraical import *
>>> {add_, mul_}
{mul_, add_}
>>> {add_: 0, mul_: 1}
{add_: 0, mul_: 1}

Development

All installation and development dependencies are fully specified in pyproject.toml. The project.optional-dependencies object is used to specify optional requirements <https://peps.python.org/pep-0621>__ for various development tasks. This makes it possible to specify additional options (such as docs, lint, and so on) when performing installation using pip <https://pypi.org/project/pip>__::

python -m pip install .[docs,lint]

Documentation ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The documentation can be generated automatically from the source files using Sphinx <https://www.sphinx-doc.org>__::

python -m pip install .[docs]
cd docs
sphinx-apidoc -f -E --templatedir=_templates -o _source .. && make html

Testing and Conventions ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ All unit tests are executed and their coverage is measured when using pytest <https://docs.pytest.org>__ (see the pyproject.toml file for configuration details)::

python -m pip install .[test]
python -m pytest

Alternatively, all unit tests are included in the module itself and can be executed using doctest <https://docs.python.org/3/library/doctest.html>__::

python src/algebraical/algebraical.py -v

Style conventions are enforced using Pylint <https://pylint.pycqa.org>__::

python -m pip install .[lint]
python -m pylint src/algebraical

Contributions ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ In order to contribute to the source code, open an issue or submit a pull request on the GitHub page <https://github.com/reity/algebraical>__ for this library.

Versioning ^^^^^^^^^^ The version number format for this library and the changes to the library associated with version number increments conform with Semantic Versioning 2.0.0 <https://semver.org/#semantic-versioning-200>__.

Publishing ^^^^^^^^^^ This library can be published as a package on PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/algebraical>__ by a package maintainer. First, install the dependencies required for packaging and publishing::

python -m pip install .[publish]

Ensure that the correct version number appears in pyproject.toml, and that any links in this README document to the Read the Docs documentation of this package (or its dependencies) have appropriate version numbers. Also ensure that the Read the Docs project for this library has an automation rule <https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/automation-rules.html>__ that activates and sets as the default all tagged versions. Create and push a tag for this version (replacing ?.?.? with the version number)::

git tag ?.?.?
git push origin ?.?.?

Remove any old build/distribution files. Then, package the source into a distribution archive::

rm -rf build dist src/*.egg-info
python -m build --sdist --wheel .

Finally, upload the package distribution archive to PyPI <https://pypi.org>__::

python -m twine upload dist/*