.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
If you just want to quickly set up buildman so you can build something (for example Raspberry Pi 2):
.. code-block:: bash
cd /path/to/u-boot
PATH=$PATH:pwd/tools/buildman
buildman --fetch-arch arm
buildman -k rpi_2
ls ../current/rpi_2
This tool handles building U-Boot to check that you have not broken it with your patch series. It can build each individual commit and report which boards fail on which commits, and which errors come up. It aims to make full use of multi-processor machines.
A key feature of buildman is its output summary, which allows warnings, errors or image size increases in a particular commit or board to be quickly identified and the offending commit pinpointed. This can be a big help for anyone working with >10 patches at a time.
Buildman can be stopped and restarted, in which case it will continue where it left off. This should happen cleanly and without side-effects. If not, it is a bug, for which a patch would be welcome.
Buildman gets so tied up in its work that it can ignore the outside world. You may need to press Ctrl-C several times to quit it. Also it will print out various exceptions when stopped. You may have to kill it since the Ctrl-C handling is somewhat broken.
(please read this section in full twice or you will be perpetually confused)
Buildman is a builder. It is not make, although it runs make. It does not produce any useful output on the terminal while building, except for progress information (but see -v below). All the output (errors, warnings and binaries if you ask for them) is stored in output directories, which you can look at from a separate 'buildman -s' instance while the build is progressing, or when it is finished.
Buildman is designed to build entire git branches, i.e. muliple commits. It can be run repeatedly on the same branch after making changes to commits on that branch. In this case it will automatically rebuild commits which have changed (and remove its old results for that commit). It is possible to build a branch for one board, then later build it for another board. This adds to the output, so now you have results for two boards. If you want buildman to re-build a commit it has already built (e.g. because of a toolchain update), use the -f flag.
Buildman produces a concise summary of which boards succeeded and failed. It shows which commit introduced which board failure using a simple red/green colour coding (with yellow/cyan for warnings). Full error information can be requested, in which case it is de-duped and displayed against the commit that introduced the error. An example workflow is below.
Buildman stores image size information and can report changes in image size from commit to commit. An example of this is below.
Buildman starts multiple threads, and each thread builds for one board at a time. A thread starts at the first commit, configures the source for your board and builds it. Then it checks out the next commit and does an incremental build (i.e. not using 'make xxx_defconfig' unless you use -C). Eventually the thread reaches the last commit and stops. If a commit causes an error or warning, buildman will try it again after reconfiguring (but see -Q). Thus some commits may be built twice, with the first result silently discarded. Lots of errors and warnings will causes lots of reconfigures and your build will be very slow. This is because a file that produces just a warning would not normally be rebuilt in an incremental build. Once a thread finishes building all the commits for a board, it starts on the commits for another board.
Buildman works in an entirely separate place from your U-Boot repository. It creates a separate working directory for each thread, and puts the output files in the working directory, organised by commit name and board name, in a two-level hierarchy (but see -P).
Buildman is invoked in your U-Boot directory, the one with the .git directory. It clones this repository into a copy for each thread, and the threads do not affect the state of your git repository. Any checkouts done by the thread affect only the working directory for that thread.
Buildman automatically selects the correct tool chain for each board. You must supply suitable tool chains (see --fetch-arch), but buildman takes care of selecting the right one.
Buildman generally builds a branch (with the -b flag), and in this case builds the upstream commit as well, for comparison. So even if you have one commit in your branch, two commits will be built. Put all your commits in a branch, set the branch's upstream to a valid value, and all will be well. Otherwise buildman will perform random actions. Use -n to check what the random actions might be.
Buildman effectively has two modes: without -s it builds, with -s it summarises the results of previous (or active) builds.
If you just want to build the current source tree, leave off the -b flag. This will display results and errors as they happen. You can still look at them later using -se. Note that buildman will assume that the source has changed, and will build all specified boards in this case.
Buildman is optimised for building many commits at once, for many boards. On multi-core machines, Buildman is fast because it uses most of the available CPU power. When it gets to the end, or if you are building just a few commits or boards, it will be pretty slow. As a tip, if you don't plan to use your machine for anything else, you can use -T to increase the number of threads beyond the default.
Buildman lets you build all boards, or a subset. Specify the subset by passing command-line arguments that list the desired build target, architecture, CPU, board name, vendor, SoC or options. Multiple arguments are allowed. Each argument will be interpreted as a regular expression, so behaviour is a superset of exact or substring matching. Examples are:
While the default is to OR the terms together, you can also make use of the '&' operator to limit the selection:
You can also use -x to specifically exclude some boards. For example:
buildman arm -x nvidia,freescale,.*ball$
means to build all arm boards except nvidia, freescale and anything ending with 'ball'.
For building specific boards you can use the --boards (or --bo) option, which takes a comma-separated list of board target names and be used multiple times on the command line:
.. code-block:: bash
buildman --boards sandbox,snow --boards firefly-rk3399
It is convenient to use the -n option to see what will be built based on the subset given. Use -v as well to get an actual list of boards.
Buildman does not store intermediate object files. It optionally copies the binary output into a directory when a build is successful (-k). Size information is always recorded. It needs a fair bit of disk space to work, typically 250MB per thread.
#. Get the U-Boot source. You probably already have it, but if not these steps should get you started with a repo and some commits for testing.
.. code-block:: bash
cd /path/to/u-boot
git clone git://git.denx.de/u-boot.git .
git checkout -b my-branch origin/master
# Add some commits to the branch, reading for testing
#. Create ~/.buildman to tell buildman where to find tool chains (see buildman_settings_ for details). As an example::
[toolchain] root: / rest: /toolchains/* eldk: /opt/eldk-4.2 arm: /opt/linaro/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-4.8-2013.08_linux aarch64: /opt/linaro/gcc-linaro-aarch64-none-elf-4.8-2013.10_linux
[toolchain-prefix] arc = /opt/arc/arc_gnu_2021.03_prebuilt_elf32_le_linux_install/bin/arc-elf32-
[toolchain-alias] riscv = riscv32 sh = sh4 x86: i386
This selects the available toolchain paths. Add the base directory for each of your toolchains here. Buildman will search inside these directories and also in any '/usr' and '/usr/bin' subdirectories.
Make sure the tags (here root: rest: and eldk:) are unique.
The toolchain-alias section indicates that the i386 toolchain should be used to build x86 commits.
Note that you can also specific exactly toolchain prefixes if you like::
[toolchain-prefix]
arm: /opt/arm-eabi-4.6/bin/arm-eabi-
or even::
[toolchain-prefix]
arm: /opt/arm-eabi-4.6/bin/arm-eabi-gcc
This tells buildman that you want to use this exact toolchain for the arm architecture. This will override any toolchains found by searching using the [toolchain] settings.
Since the toolchain prefix is an explicit request, buildman will report an error if a toolchain is not found with that prefix. The current PATH will be searched, so it is possible to use::
[toolchain-prefix]
arm: arm-none-eabi-
and buildman will find arm-none-eabi-gcc in /usr/bin if you have it installed.
Another example::
[toolchain-wrapper]
wrapper: ccache
This tells buildman to use a compiler wrapper in front of CROSS_COMPILE. In this example, ccache. It doesn't affect the toolchain scan. The wrapper is added when CROSS_COMPILE environtal variable is set. The name in this section is ignored. If more than one line is provided, only the last one is taken.
#. Make sure you have the require Python pre-requisites
Buildman uses multiprocessing, Queue, shutil, StringIO, ConfigParser and urllib2. These should normally be available, but if you get an error like this then you will need to obtain those modules::
ImportError: No module named multiprocessing
#. Check the available toolchains
Run this check to make sure that you have a toolchain for every architecture::
$ ./tools/buildman/buildman --list-tool-chains
Scanning for tool chains
- scanning prefix '/opt/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/x86_64-linux/bin/x86_64-linux-'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='x86', priority 1
- scanning prefix '/opt/arm-eabi-4.6/bin/arm-eabi-'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='arm', priority 1
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/i386-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/i386-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/i386-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/i386-linux/bin/i386-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/i386-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='i386', priority 4
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/aarch64-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/aarch64-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/aarch64-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/aarch64-linux/bin/aarch64-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/aarch64-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='aarch64', priority 4
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/microblaze-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/microblaze-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/microblaze-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/microblaze-linux/bin/microblaze-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/microblaze-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='microblaze', priority 4
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/mips64-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/mips64-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/mips64-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/mips64-linux/bin/mips64-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/mips64-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='mips64', priority 4
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/sparc64-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/sparc64-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/sparc64-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/sparc64-linux/bin/sparc64-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/sparc64-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='sparc64', priority 4
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='arm', priority 3
Toolchain '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc' at priority 3 will be ignored because another toolchain for arch 'arm' has priority 1
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/sparc-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/sparc-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/sparc-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/sparc-linux/bin/sparc-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/sparc-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='sparc', priority 4
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/mips-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/mips-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/mips-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/mips-linux/bin/mips-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/mips-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='mips', priority 4
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/x86_64-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/x86_64-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/x86_64-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/x86_64-linux/bin/x86_64-linux-gcc'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/x86_64-linux/bin/x86_64-linux-x86_64-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/x86_64-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='x86_64', priority 4
Tool chain test: OK, arch='x86_64', priority 4
Toolchain '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/x86_64-linux/bin/x86_64-linux-x86_64-linux-gcc' at priority 4 will be ignored because another toolchain for arch 'x86_64' has priority 4
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/m68k-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/m68k-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/m68k-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/m68k-linux/bin/m68k-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/m68k-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='m68k', priority 4
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/powerpc-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/powerpc-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/powerpc-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/powerpc-linux/bin/powerpc-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/powerpc-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='powerpc', priority 4
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/bfin-uclinux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/bfin-uclinux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/bfin-uclinux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/bfin-uclinux/bin/bfin-uclinux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/bfin-uclinux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='bfin', priority 6
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/sparc-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/sparc-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/sparc-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/sparc-linux/bin/sparc-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/sparc-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='sparc', priority 4
Toolchain '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/sparc-linux/bin/sparc-linux-gcc' at priority 4 will be ignored because another toolchain for arch 'sparc' has priority 4
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/mips-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/mips-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/mips-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/mips-linux/bin/mips-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/mips-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='mips', priority 4
Toolchain '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/mips-linux/bin/mips-linux-gcc' at priority 4 will be ignored because another toolchain for arch 'mips' has priority 4
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/m68k-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/m68k-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/m68k-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/m68k-linux/bin/m68k-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/m68k-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='m68k', priority 4
Toolchain '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/m68k-linux/bin/m68k-linux-gcc' at priority 4 will be ignored because another toolchain for arch 'm68k' has priority 4
- scanning path '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/powerpc-linux'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/powerpc-linux/.'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/powerpc-linux/bin'
- found '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/powerpc-linux/bin/powerpc-linux-gcc'
- looking in '/toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/powerpc-linux/usr/bin'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='powerpc', priority 4
Tool chain test: OK, arch='or32', priority 4
- scanning path '/'
- looking in '/.'
- looking in '/bin'
- looking in '/usr/bin'
- found '/usr/bin/i586-mingw32msvc-gcc'
- found '/usr/bin/c89-gcc'
- found '/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc'
- found '/usr/bin/gcc'
- found '/usr/bin/c99-gcc'
- found '/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc'
- found '/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc'
- found '/usr/bin/winegcc'
- found '/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc'
Tool chain test: OK, arch='i586', priority 11
Tool chain test: OK, arch='c89', priority 11
Tool chain test: OK, arch='x86_64', priority 4
Toolchain '/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' at priority 4 will be ignored because another toolchain for arch 'x86_64' has priority 4
Tool chain test: OK, arch='sandbox', priority 11
Tool chain test: OK, arch='c99', priority 11
Tool chain test: OK, arch='arm', priority 4
Toolchain '/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc' at priority 4 will be ignored because another toolchain for arch 'arm' has priority 1
Tool chain test: OK, arch='aarch64', priority 4
Toolchain '/usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc' at priority 4 will be ignored because another toolchain for arch 'aarch64' has priority 4
Tool chain test: OK, arch='sandbox', priority 11
Toolchain '/usr/bin/winegcc' at priority 11 will be ignored because another toolchain for arch 'sandbox' has priority 11
Tool chain test: OK, arch='arm', priority 4
Toolchain '/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc' at priority 4 will be ignored because another toolchain for arch 'arm' has priority 1
List of available toolchains (34):
aarch64 : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/aarch64-linux/bin/aarch64-linux-gcc
alpha : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/alpha-linux/bin/alpha-linux-gcc
am33_2.0 : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/am33_2.0-linux/bin/am33_2.0-linux-gcc
arm : /opt/arm-eabi-4.6/bin/arm-eabi-gcc
bfin : /toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/bfin-uclinux/bin/bfin-uclinux-gcc
c89 : /usr/bin/c89-gcc
c99 : /usr/bin/c99-gcc
frv : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/frv-linux/bin/frv-linux-gcc
h8300 : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/h8300-elf/bin/h8300-elf-gcc
hppa : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/hppa-linux/bin/hppa-linux-gcc
hppa64 : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/hppa64-linux/bin/hppa64-linux-gcc
i386 : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/i386-linux/bin/i386-linux-gcc
i586 : /usr/bin/i586-mingw32msvc-gcc
ia64 : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/ia64-linux/bin/ia64-linux-gcc
m32r : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/m32r-linux/bin/m32r-linux-gcc
m68k : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/m68k-linux/bin/m68k-linux-gcc
microblaze: /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/microblaze-linux/bin/microblaze-linux-gcc
mips : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/mips-linux/bin/mips-linux-gcc
mips64 : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/mips64-linux/bin/mips64-linux-gcc
or32 : /toolchains/gcc-4.5.1-nolibc/or32-linux/bin/or32-linux-gcc
powerpc : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/powerpc-linux/bin/powerpc-linux-gcc
powerpc64 : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/powerpc64-linux/bin/powerpc64-linux-gcc
ppc64le : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/ppc64le-linux/bin/ppc64le-linux-gcc
s390x : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/s390x-linux/bin/s390x-linux-gcc
sandbox : /usr/bin/gcc
sh4 : /toolchains/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/sh4-linux/bin/sh4-linux-gcc
sparc : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/sparc-linux/bin/sparc-linux-gcc
sparc64 : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/sparc64-linux/bin/sparc64-linux-gcc
tilegx : /toolchains/gcc-4.6.2-nolibc/tilegx-linux/bin/tilegx-linux-gcc
x86 : /opt/gcc-4.6.3-nolibc/x86_64-linux/bin/x86_64-linux-gcc
x86_64 : /toolchains/gcc-4.9.0-nolibc/x86_64-linux/bin/x86_64-linux-gcc
You can see that everything is covered, even some strange ones that won't be used (c88 and c99). This is a feature.
#. Install new toolchains if needed
You can download toolchains and update the [toolchain] section of the settings file to find them.
To make this easier, buildman can automatically download and install toolchains from kernel.org. First list the available architectures::
$ ./tools/buildman/buildman --fetch-arch list
Checking: https://www.kernel.org/pub/tools/crosstool/files/bin/x86_64/4.6.3/
Checking: https://www.kernel.org/pub/tools/crosstool/files/bin/x86_64/4.6.2/
Checking: https://www.kernel.org/pub/tools/crosstool/files/bin/x86_64/4.5.1/
Checking: https://www.kernel.org/pub/tools/crosstool/files/bin/x86_64/4.2.4/
Available architectures: alpha am33_2.0 arm bfin cris crisv32 frv h8300
hppa hppa64 i386 ia64 m32r m68k mips mips64 or32 powerpc powerpc64 s390x sh4
sparc sparc64 tilegx x86_64 xtensa
Then pick one and download it::
$ ./tools/buildman/buildman --fetch-arch or32
Checking: https://www.kernel.org/pub/tools/crosstool/files/bin/x86_64/4.6.3/
Checking: https://www.kernel.org/pub/tools/crosstool/files/bin/x86_64/4.6.2/
Checking: https://www.kernel.org/pub/tools/crosstool/files/bin/x86_64/4.5.1/
Downloading: https://www.kernel.org/pub/tools/crosstool/files/bin/x86_64/4.5.1//x86_64-gcc-4.5.1-nolibc_or32-linux.tar.xz
Unpacking to: /home/sjg/.buildman-toolchains
Testing
- looking in '/home/sjg/.buildman-toolchains/gcc-4.5.1-nolibc/or32-linux/.'
- looking in '/home/sjg/.buildman-toolchains/gcc-4.5.1-nolibc/or32-linux/bin'
- found '/home/sjg/.buildman-toolchains/gcc-4.5.1-nolibc/or32-linux/bin/or32-linux-gcc'
Tool chain test: OK
Or download them all from kernel.org and move them to /toolchains directory:
.. code-block:: bash
./tools/buildman/buildman --fetch-arch all
sudo mkdir -p /toolchains
sudo mv ~/.buildman-toolchains/*/* /toolchains/
Buildman should now be set up to use your new toolchain.
At the time of writing, U-Boot has these architectures:
arc, arm, m68k, microblaze, mips, nios2, powerpc, sandbox, sh, x86, xtensa
First do a dry run using the -n flag: (replace with a real, local branch with a valid upstream):
.. code-block:: bash
./tools/buildman/buildman -b -n
If it can't detect the upstream branch, try checking out the branch, and doing something like 'git branch --set-upstream-to upstream/master' or something similar. Buildman will try to guess a suitable upstream branch if it can't find one (you will see a message like "Guessing upstream as ..."). You can also use the -c option to manually specify the number of commits to build.
As an example::
Dry run, so not doing much. But I would do this:
Building 18 commits for 1059 boards (4 threads, 1 job per thread) Build directory: ../lcd9b 5bb3505 Merge branch 'master' of git://git.denx.de/u-boot-arm c18f1b4 tegra: Use const for pinmux_config_pingroup/table() 2f043ae tegra: Add display support to funcmux e349900 tegra: fdt: Add pwm binding and node 424a5f0 tegra: fdt: Add LCD definitions for Tegra 0636ccf tegra: Add support for PWM a994fe7 tegra: Add SOC support for display/lcd fcd7350 tegra: Add LCD driver 4d46e9d tegra: Add LCD support to Nvidia boards 991bd48 arm: Add control over cachability of memory regions 54e8019 lcd: Add CONFIG_LCD_ALIGNMENT to select frame buffer alignment d92aff7 lcd: Add support for flushing LCD fb from dcache after update dbd0677 tegra: Align LCD frame buffer to section boundary 0cff9b8 tegra: Support control of cache settings for LCD 9c56900 tegra: fdt: Add LCD definitions for Seaboard 5cc29db lcd: Add CONFIG_CONSOLE_SCROLL_LINES option to speed console cac5a23 tegra: Enable display/lcd support on Seaboard 49ff541 wip
Total boards to build for each commit: 1059
This shows that it will build all 1059 boards, using 4 threads (because we have a 4-core CPU). Each thread will run with -j1, meaning that each make job will use a single CPU. The list of commits to be built helps you confirm that things look about right. Notice that buildman has chosen a 'base' directory for you, immediately above your source tree.
Buildman works entirely inside the base directory, here ../lcd9b, creating a working directory for each thread, and creating output directories for each commit and board.
To run the build for real, take off the -n:
.. code-block:: bash
./tools/buildman/buildman -b
Buildman will set up some working directories, and get started. After a minute or so it will settle down to a steady pace, with a display like this::
Building 18 commits for 1059 boards (4 threads, 1 job per thread) 528 36 124 /19062 -18374 1:13:30 : SIMPC8313_SP
This means that it is building 19062 board/commit combinations. So far it has managed to successfully build 528. Another 36 have built with warnings, and 124 more didn't build at all. It has 18374 builds left to complete. Buildman expects to complete the process in around an hour and a quarter. Use this time to buy a faster computer.
To find out how the build went, ask for a summary with -s. You can do this either before the build completes (presumably in another terminal) or afterwards. Let's work through an example of how this is used::
$ ./tools/buildman/buildman -b lcd9b -s ... 01: Merge branch 'master' of git://git.denx.de/u-boot-arm powerpc: + galaxy5200_LOWBOOT 02: tegra: Use const for pinmux_config_pingroup/table() 03: tegra: Add display support to funcmux 04: tegra: fdt: Add pwm binding and node 05: tegra: fdt: Add LCD definitions for Tegra 06: tegra: Add support for PWM 07: tegra: Add SOC support for display/lcd 08: tegra: Add LCD driver 09: tegra: Add LCD support to Nvidia boards 10: arm: Add control over cachability of memory regions 11: lcd: Add CONFIG_LCD_ALIGNMENT to select frame buffer alignment 12: lcd: Add support for flushing LCD fb from dcache after update arm: + lubbock 13: tegra: Align LCD frame buffer to section boundary 14: tegra: Support control of cache settings for LCD 15: tegra: fdt: Add LCD definitions for Seaboard 16: lcd: Add CONFIG_CONSOLE_SCROLL_LINES option to speed console 17: tegra: Enable display/lcd support on Seaboard 18: wip
This shows which commits have succeeded and which have failed. In this case the build is still in progress so many boards are not built yet (use -u to see which ones). But already we can see a few failures. The galaxy5200_LOWBOOT never builds correctly. This could be a problem with our toolchain, or it could be a bug in the upstream. The good news is that we probably don't need to blame our commits. The bad news is that our commits are not tested on that board.
Commit 12 broke lubbock. That's what the '+ lubbock', in red, means. The failure is never fixed by a later commit, or you would see lubbock again, in green, without the +.
To see the actual error::
$ ./tools/buildman/buildman -b -se
...
12: lcd: Add support for flushing LCD fb from dcache after update
arm: + lubbock
+common/libcommon.o: In function lcd_sync': +common/lcd.c:120: undefined reference to flush_dcache_range'
+arm-none-linux-gnueabi-ld: BFD (Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202) 2.19.51.20090709 assertion fail /scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/obj/binutils-src-2010q1-202-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/bfd/elf32-arm.c:12572
+make: *** [build/u-boot] Error 139
13: tegra: Align LCD frame buffer to section boundary
14: tegra: Support control of cache settings for LCD
15: tegra: fdt: Add LCD definitions for Seaboard
16: lcd: Add CONFIG_CONSOLE_SCROLL_LINES option to speed console
-common/lcd.c:120: undefined reference to flush_dcache_range' +common/lcd.c:125: undefined reference to flush_dcache_range'
17: tegra: Enable display/lcd support on Seaboard
18: wip
So the problem is in lcd.c, due to missing cache operations. This information should be enough to work out what that commit is doing to break these boards. (In this case pxa did not have cache operations defined).
Note that if there were other boards with errors, the above command would show their errors also. Each line is shown only once. So if lubbock and snow produce the same error, we just see::
12: lcd: Add support for flushing LCD fb from dcache after update
arm: + lubbock snow
+common/libcommon.o: In function lcd_sync': +common/lcd.c:120: undefined reference to flush_dcache_range'
+arm-none-linux-gnueabi-ld: BFD (Sourcery G++ Lite 2010q1-202) 2.19.51.20090709 assertion fail /scratch/julian/2010q1-release-linux-lite/obj/binutils-src-2010q1-202-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu/bfd/elf32-arm.c:12572
+make: *** [build/u-boot] Error 139
But if you did want to see just the errors for lubbock, use:
.. code-block:: bash
./tools/buildman/buildman -b -se lubbock
If you see error lines marked with '-', that means that the errors were fixed by that commit. Sometimes commits can be in the wrong order, so that a breakage is introduced for a few commits and fixed by later commits. This shows up clearly with buildman. You can then reorder the commits and try again.
At commit 16, the error moves: you can see that the old error at line 120 is fixed, but there is a new one at line 126. This is probably only because we added some code and moved the broken line further down the file.
As mentioned, if many boards have the same error, then -e will display the error only once. This makes the output as concise as possible. To see which boards have each error, use -l. So it is safe to omit the board name - you will not get lots of repeated output for every board.
Buildman tries to distinguish warnings from errors, and shows warning lines separately with a 'w' prefix. Warnings introduced show as yellow. Warnings fixed show as cyan.
The full build output in this case is available in::
../lcd9b/12_of_18_gd92aff7_lcd--Add-support-for/lubbock/
Files:
done Indicates the build was done, and holds the return code from make. This is 0 for a good build, typically 2 for a failure.
err Output from stderr, if any. Errors and warnings appear here.
log Output from stdout. Normally there isn't any since buildman runs in silent mode. Use -V to force a verbose build (this passes V=1 to 'make')
toolchain Shows information about the toolchain used for the build.
sizes Shows image size information.
It is possible to get the build binary output there also. Use the -k option for this. In that case you will also see some output files, like:
A key requirement for U-Boot is that you keep code/data size to a minimum. Where a new feature increases this noticeably it should normally be put behind a CONFIG flag so that boards can leave it disabled and keep the image size more or less the same with each new release.
To check the impact of your commits on image size, use -S. For example::
$ ./tools/buildman/buildman -b us-x86 -sS Summary of 10 commits for 1066 boards (4 threads, 1 job per thread) 01: MAKEALL: add support for per architecture toolchains 02: x86: Add function to get top of usable ram x86: (for 1/3 boards) text -272.0 rodata +41.0 03: x86: Add basic cache operations 04: x86: Permit bootstage and timer data to be used prior to relocation x86: (for 1/3 boards) data +16.0 05: x86: Add an __end symbol to signal the end of the U-Boot binary x86: (for 1/3 boards) text +76.0 06: x86: Rearrange the output input to remove BSS x86: (for 1/3 boards) bss -2140.0 07: x86: Support relocation of FDT on start-up x86: + coreboot-x86 08: x86: Add error checking to x86 relocation code 09: x86: Adjust link device tree include file 10: x86: Enable CONFIG_OF_CONTROL on coreboot
You can see that image size only changed on x86, which is good because this series is not supposed to change any other board. From commit 7 onwards the build fails so we don't get code size numbers. The numbers are fractional because they are an average of all boards for that architecture. The intention is to allow you to quickly find image size problems introduced by your commits.
Note that the 'text' region and 'rodata' are split out. You should add the two together to get the total read-only size (reported as the first column in the output from binutil's 'size' utility).
A useful option is --step which lets you skip some commits. For example --step 2 will show the image sizes for only every 2nd commit (so it will compare the image sizes of the 1st, 3rd, 5th... commits). You can also use --step 0 which will compare only the first and last commits. This is useful for an overview of how your entire series affects code size. It will build only the upstream commit and your final branch commit.
You can also use -d to see a detailed size breakdown for each board. This list is sorted in order from largest growth to largest reduction.
It is even possible to go a little further with the -B option (--bloat). This shows where U-Boot has bloated, breaking the size change down to the function level. Example output is below::
$ ./tools/buildman/buildman -b us-mem4 -sSdB ... 19: Roll crc32 into hash infrastructure arm: (for 10/10 boards) all -143.4 bss +1.2 data -4.8 rodata -48.2 text -91.6 paz00 : all +23 bss -4 rodata -29 text +56 u-boot: add: 1/0, grow: 3/-2 bytes: 168/-104 (64) function old new delta hash_command 80 160 +80 crc32_wd_buf - 56 +56 ext4fs_read_file 540 568 +28 insert_var_value_sub 688 692 +4 run_list_real 1996 1992 -4 do_mem_crc 168 68 -100 trimslice : all -9 bss +16 rodata -29 text +4 u-boot: add: 1/0, grow: 1/-3 bytes: 136/-124 (12) function old new delta hash_command 80 160 +80 crc32_wd_buf - 56 +56 ext4fs_iterate_dir 672 668 -4 ext4fs_read_file 568 548 -20 do_mem_crc 168 68 -100 whistler : all -9 bss +16 rodata -29 text +4 u-boot: add: 1/0, grow: 1/-3 bytes: 136/-124 (12) function old new delta hash_command 80 160 +80 crc32_wd_buf - 56 +56 ext4fs_iterate_dir 672 668 -4 ext4fs_read_file 568 548 -20 do_mem_crc 168 68 -100 seaboard : all -9 bss -28 rodata -29 text +48 u-boot: add: 1/0, grow: 3/-2 bytes: 160/-104 (56) function old new delta hash_command 80 160 +80 crc32_wd_buf - 56 +56 ext4fs_read_file 548 568 +20 run_list_real 1996 2000 +4 do_nandboot 760 756 -4 do_mem_crc 168 68 -100 colibri_t20 : all -9 rodata -29 text +20 u-boot: add: 1/0, grow: 2/-3 bytes: 140/-112 (28) function old new delta hash_command 80 160 +80 crc32_wd_buf - 56 +56 read_abs_bbt 204 208 +4 do_nandboot 760 756 -4 ext4fs_read_file 576 568 -8 do_mem_crc 168 68 -100 ventana : all -37 bss -12 rodata -29 text +4 u-boot: add: 1/0, grow: 1/-3 bytes: 136/-124 (12) function old new delta hash_command 80 160 +80 crc32_wd_buf - 56 +56 ext4fs_iterate_dir 672 668 -4 ext4fs_read_file 568 548 -20 do_mem_crc 168 68 -100 harmony : all -37 bss -16 rodata -29 text +8 u-boot: add: 1/0, grow: 2/-3 bytes: 140/-124 (16) function old new delta hash_command 80 160 +80 crc32_wd_buf - 56 +56 nand_write_oob_syndrome 428 432 +4 ext4fs_iterate_dir 672 668 -4 ext4fs_read_file 568 548 -20 do_mem_crc 168 68 -100 medcom-wide : all -417 bss +28 data -16 rodata -93 text -336 u-boot: add: 1/-1, grow: 1/-2 bytes: 88/-376 (-288) function old new delta crc32_wd_buf - 56 +56 do_fat_read_at 2872 2904 +32 hash_algo 16 - -16 do_mem_crc 168 68 -100 hash_command 420 160 -260 tec : all -449 bss -4 data -16 rodata -93 text -336 u-boot: add: 1/-1, grow: 1/-2 bytes: 88/-376 (-288) function old new delta crc32_wd_buf - 56 +56 do_fat_read_at 2872 2904 +32 hash_algo 16 - -16 do_mem_crc 168 68 -100 hash_command 420 160 -260 plutux : all -481 bss +16 data -16 rodata -93 text -388 u-boot: add: 1/-1, grow: 1/-3 bytes: 68/-408 (-340) function old new delta crc32_wd_buf - 56 +56 do_load_serial_bin 1688 1700 +12 hash_algo 16 - -16 do_fat_read_at 2904 2872 -32 do_mem_crc 168 68 -100 hash_command 420 160 -260 powerpc: (for 5/5 boards) all +37.4 data -3.2 rodata -41.8 text +82.4 MPC8610HPCD : all +55 rodata -29 text +84 u-boot: add: 1/0, grow: 0/-1 bytes: 176/-96 (80) function old new delta hash_command - 176 +176 do_mem_crc 184 88 -96 MPC8641HPCN : all +55 rodata -29 text +84 u-boot: add: 1/0, grow: 0/-1 bytes: 176/-96 (80) function old new delta hash_command - 176 +176 do_mem_crc 184 88 -96 MPC8641HPCN_36BIT: all +55 rodata -29 text +84 u-boot: add: 1/0, grow: 0/-1 bytes: 176/-96 (80) function old new delta hash_command - 176 +176 do_mem_crc 184 88 -96 sbc8641d : all +55 rodata -29 text +84 u-boot: add: 1/0, grow: 0/-1 bytes: 176/-96 (80) function old new delta hash_command - 176 +176 do_mem_crc 184 88 -96 xpedite517x : all -33 data -16 rodata -93 text +76 u-boot: add: 1/-1, grow: 0/-1 bytes: 176/-112 (64) function old new delta hash_command - 176 +176 hash_algo 16 - -16 do_mem_crc 184 88 -96 ...
This shows that commit 19 has reduced codesize for arm slightly and increased it for powerpc. This increase was offset in by reductions in rodata and data/bss.
Shown below the summary lines are the sizes for each board. Below each board are the sizes for each function. This information starts with:
add number of functions added / removed
grow number of functions which grew / shrunk
bytes number of bytes of code added to / removed from all functions, plus the total byte change in brackets
The change seems to be that hash_command() has increased by more than the do_mem_crc() function has decreased. The function sizes typically add up to roughly the text area size, but note that every read-only section except rodata is included in 'text', so the function total does not exactly correspond.
It is common when refactoring code for the rodata to decrease as the text size increases, and vice versa.
.. _buildman_settings:
The .buildman file provides information about the available toolchains and also allows build flags to be passed to 'make'. It consists of several sections, with the section name in square brackets. Within each section are a set of (tag, value) pairs.
'[global]' section
allow-missing
Indicates the policy to use for missing blobs. Note that the flags
--allow-missing (-M) and --no-allow-missing (--no-a)
override these setting.
always
Run with ``-M`` by default.
multiple
Run with ``-M`` if more than one board is being built.
branch
Run with ``-M`` if a branch is being built.
Note that the last two can be given together::
allow-missing = multiple branch
'[toolchain]' section This lists the available toolchains. The tag here doesn't matter, but make sure it is unique. The value is the path to the toolchain. Buildman will look in that path for a file ending in 'gcc'. It will then execute it to check that it is a C compiler, passing only the --version flag to it. If the return code is 0, buildman assumes that it is a valid C compiler. It uses the first part of the name as the architecture and strips off the last part when setting the CROSS_COMPILE environment variable (parts are delimited with a hyphen).
For example powerpc-linux-gcc will be noted as a toolchain for 'powerpc'
and CROSS_COMPILE will be set to powerpc-linux- when using it.
'[toolchain-alias]' section This converts toolchain architecture names to U-Boot names. For example, if an x86 toolchains is called i386-linux-gcc it will not normally be used for architecture 'x86'. Adding 'x86: i386 x86_64' to this section will tell buildman that the i386 and x86_64 toolchains can be used for the x86 architecture.
'[make-flags]' section U-Boot's build system supports a few flags (such as BUILD_TAG) which affect the build product. These flags can be specified in the buildman settings file. They can also be useful when building U-Boot against other open source software.
[make-flags]
at91-boards=ENABLE_AT91_TEST=1
snapper9260=${at91-boards} BUILD_TAG=442
snapper9g45=${at91-boards} BUILD_TAG=443
This will use 'make ENABLE_AT91_TEST=1 BUILD_TAG=442' for snapper9260
and 'make ENABLE_AT91_TEST=1 BUILD_TAG=443' for snapper9g45. A special
variable ${target} is available to access the target name (snapper9260
and snapper9g20 in this case). Variables are resolved recursively. Note
that variables can only contain the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, hyphen (-)
and underscore (_).
It is expected that any variables added are dealt with in U-Boot's
config.mk file and documented in the README.
Note that you can pass ad-hoc options to the build using environment
variables, for example:
SOME_OPTION=1234 ./tools/buildman/buildman my_board
If you have made changes and want to do a quick sanity check of the currently checked-out source, run buildman without the -b flag. This will build the selected boards and display build status as it runs (i.e. -v is enabled automatically). Use -e to see errors/warnings as well.
You can build a range of commits by specifying a range instead of a branch when using the -b flag. For example::
buildman -b upstream/master..us-buildman
will build commits in us-buildman that are not in upstream/master.
By default, buildman doesn't execute 'make mrproper' prior to building the first commit for each board. This reduces the amount of work 'make' does, and hence speeds up the build. To force use of 'make mrproper', use -the -m flag. This flag will slow down any buildman invocation, since it increases the amount of work done on any build.
One possible application of buildman is as part of a continual edit, build, edit, build, ... cycle; repeatedly applying buildman to the same change or series of changes while making small incremental modifications to the source each time. This provides quick feedback regarding the correctness of recent modifications. In this scenario, buildman's default choice of build directory causes more build work to be performed than strictly necessary.
By default, each buildman thread uses a single directory for all builds. When a thread builds multiple boards, the configuration built in this directory will cycle through various different configurations, one per board built by the thread. Variations in the configuration will force a rebuild of affected source files when a thread switches between boards. Ideally, such buildman-induced rebuilds would not happen, thus allowing the build to operate as efficiently as the build system and source changes allow. buildman's -P flag may be used to enable this; -P causes each board to be built in a separate (board-specific) directory, thus avoiding any buildman-induced configuration changes in any build directory.
U-Boot's build system embeds information such as a build timestamp into the
final binary. This information varies each time U-Boot is built. This causes
various files to be rebuilt even if no source changes are made, which in turn
requires that the final U-Boot binary be re-linked. This unnecessary work can
be avoided by turning off the timestamp feature. This can be achieved using
the -r flag, which enables reproducible builds by setting
SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=0 when building.
Combining all of these options together yields the command-line shown below. This will provide the quickest possible feedback regarding the current content of the source tree, thus allowing rapid tested evolution of the code::
./tools/buildman/buildman -Pr tegra
A common requirement when converting CONFIG options to Kconfig is to check that the effective configuration has not changed due to the conversion. Buildman supports this with the -K option, used after a build. This shows differences in effective configuration between one commit and the next.
For example::
$ buildman -b kc4 -sK
...
43: Convert CONFIG_SPL_USBETH_SUPPORT to Kconfig
arm:
+ u-boot.cfg: CONFIG_SPL_ENV_SUPPORT=1 CONFIG_SPL_NET=1
+ u-boot-spl.cfg: CONFIG_SPL_MMC=1 CONFIG_SPL_NAND_SUPPORT=1
+ all: CONFIG_SPL_ENV_SUPPORT=1 CONFIG_SPL_MMC=1 CONFIG_SPL_NAND_SUPPORT=1 CONFIG_SPL_NET=1
am335x_evm_usbspl :
+ u-boot.cfg: CONFIG_SPL_ENV_SUPPORT=1 CONFIG_SPL_NET=1
+ u-boot-spl.cfg: CONFIG_SPL_MMC=1 CONFIG_SPL_NAND_SUPPORT=1
+ all: CONFIG_SPL_ENV_SUPPORT=1 CONFIG_SPL_MMC=1 CONFIG_SPL_NAND_SUPPORT=1 CONFIG_SPL_NET=1
44: Convert CONFIG_SPL_USB_HOST to Kconfig
...
This shows that commit 44 enabled three new options for the board am335x_evm_usbspl which were not enabled in commit 43. There is also a summary for 'arm' showing all the changes detected for that architecture. In this case there is only one board with changes, so 'arm' output is the same as 'am335x_evm_usbspl'/
The -K option uses the u-boot.cfg, spl/u-boot-spl.cfg and tpl/u-boot-tpl.cfg files which are produced by a build. If all you want is to check the configuration you can in fact avoid doing a full build, using --config-only. This tells buildman to configuration U-Boot and create the .cfg files, but not actually build the source. This is 5-10 times faster than doing a full build.
By default buildman considers the follow two configuration methods equivalent::
#define CONFIG_SOME_OPTION
CONFIG_SOME_OPTION=y
The former would appear in a header filer and the latter in a defconfig file. The achieve this, buildman considers 'y' to be '1' in configuration variables. This avoids lots of useless output when converting a CONFIG option to Kconfig. To disable this behaviour, use --squash-config-y.
When converting CONFIG options which manipulate the default environment, a common requirement is to check that the default environment has not changed due to the conversion. Buildman supports this with the -U option, used after a build. This shows differences in the default environment between one commit and the next.
For example::
$ buildman -b squash brppt1 -sU Summary of 2 commits for 3 boards (3 threads, 3 jobs per thread) 01: Migrate bootlimit to Kconfig 02: Squashed commit of the following: c brppt1_mmc: altbootcmd=mmc dev 1; run mmcboot0; -> mmc dev 1; run mmcboot0 c brppt1_spi: altbootcmd=mmc dev 1; run mmcboot0; -> mmc dev 1; run mmcboot0 + brppt1_nand: altbootcmd=run usbscript - brppt1_nand: altbootcmd=run usbscript (no errors to report)
This shows that commit 2 modified the value of 'altbootcmd' for 'brppt1_mmc' and 'brppt1_spi', removing a trailing semicolon. 'brppt1_nand' gained an a value for 'altbootcmd', but lost one for ' altbootcmd'.
The -U option uses the u-boot.env files which are produced by a build. Internally, buildman writes out an out-env file into the build directory for later comparison.
To build with clang (sandbox only), use the -O option to override the toolchain. For example:
.. code-block:: bash
buildman -O clang-7 --board sandbox
Link-time optimisation (LTO) is designed to reduce code size by globally optimising the U-Boot build. Unfortunately this can dramatically slow down builds. This is particularly noticeable when running a lot of builds.
Use the -L (--no-lto) flag to disable LTO.
.. code-block:: bash
buildman -L --board sandbox
In some cases you just want to build a single board and get the full output, use the -w option, for example:
.. code-block:: bash
buildman -o /tmp/build --board sandbox -w
This will write the full build into /tmp/build including object files. You must specify the output directory with -o when using -w.
Normally buildman summarises the output and shows information indicating the meaning of each line of output. For example a '+' symbol appears at the start of each error line. Also, buildman prints information about what it is about to do, along with a summary at the end.
When using buildman from an IDE, it is helpful to drop this behaviour. Use the -I/--ide option for that. You might find -W helpful also so that warnings do not cause the build to fail:
.. code-block:: bash
buildman -o /tmp/build --board sandbox -wWI
U-Boot is moving to using Binman (see ) for dealing with the complexities of packaging U-Boot along with binary files from other projects. These are called 'external blobs' by Binman.
Typically a missing external blob causes a build failure. For build testing of a lot of boards, or boards for which you do not have the blobs, you can use the -M flag to allow missing blobs. This marks the build as if it succeeded, although with warnings shown, including 'Some images are invalid'. If any boards fail in this way, buildman exits with status 101.
To convert warnings to errors, use -E. To make buildman return success with these warnings, use -W.
It is generally safe to default to enabling -M for all runs of buildman, so long as you check the exit code. To do this, add::
allow-missing = "always"
to the top of the buildman_settings_ file.
Sometimes it is useful to change the CONFIG options for a build on the fly. This can be used to build a board (or multiple) with a few changes to see the impact. The -a option supports this:
.. code-block:: bash
-a
where is a CONFIG option (with or without the CONFIG_ prefix) to enable.
For example:
.. code-block:: bash
buildman -a CMD_SETEXPR_FMT
will build with CONFIG_CMD_SETEXPR_FMT enabled.
You can disable options by preceding them with tilde (~). You can specify the -a option multiple times:
.. code-block:: bash
buildman -a CMD_SETEXPR_FMT -a ~CMDLINE
Some options have values, in which case you can change them:
.. code-block:: bash
buildman -a 'BOOTCOMMAND="echo hello"' CONFIG_SYS_LOAD_ADDR=0x1000
Note that you must put quotes around string options and the whole thing must be in single quotes, to make sure the shell leave it alone.
If you try to set an option that does not exist, or that cannot be changed for some other reason (e.g. it is 'selected' by another option), then buildman shows an error::
$ buildman --board sandbox -a FRED Building current source for 1 boards (1 thread, 32 jobs per thread) 0 0 0 /1 -1 (starting)errs Some CONFIG adjustments did not take effect. This may be because the request CONFIGs do not exist or conflict with others.
Failed adjustments:
FRED Missing expected line: CONFIG_FRED=y
One major caveat with this feature with branches (-b) is that buildman does not name the output directories differently when you change the configuration, so doing the same build again with different configuration will not trigger a rebuild. You can use -f to work around that.
Buildman has various other command-line options. Try --help to see them.
To find out what toolchain prefix buildman will use for a build, use the -A option.
To request that compiler warnings be promoted to errors, use -E. This passes the -Werror flag to the compiler. Note that the build can still produce warnings with -E, e.g. the migration warnings::
When doing builds, Buildman's return code will reflect the overall result::
0 (success) No errors or warnings found
100 Errors found
101 Warnings found (only if no -W)
You can use -W to tell Buildman to return 0 (success) instead of 101 when warnings are found. Note that it can be useful to combine -E and -W. This means that all compiler warnings will produce failures (code 100) and all other warnings will produce success (since 101 is changed to 0).
If there are both warnings and errors, errors win, so buildman returns 100.
The -y option is provided (for use with -s) to ignore the bountiful device-tree warnings. Similarly, -Y tells buildman to ignore the migration warnings.
Sometimes you might get an error in a thread that is not handled by buildman, perhaps due to a failure of a tool that it calls. You might see the output, but then buildman hangs. Failing to handle any eventuality is a bug in buildman and should be reported. But you can use -T0 to disable threading and hopefully figure out the root cause of the build failure.
When buildman finishes it shows a summary, something like this::
Completed: 5 total built, duration 0:00:21, rate 0.24
This shows that a total of 5 builds were done across all selected boards, it took 21 seconds and the builds happened at the rate of 0.24 per second. The latter number depends on the speed of your machine and the efficiency of the U-Boot build.
This file is no-longer needed by buildman but it is still generated in the
working directory. This helps avoid a delay on every build, since scanning all
the Kconfig files takes a few seconds. Use the -R <filename> flag to force
regeneration of the file - in that case buildman exits after writing the file
with exit code 2 if there was an error in the maintainer files. To use the
default filename, use a hyphen, i.e. -R -.
You should use 'buildman -nv ' instead of greoing the boards.cfg file, since it may be dropped altogether in future.
Sometimes a board is added without a corresponding entry in a MAINTAINERS file.
Use the --maintainer-check option to check this::
$ buildman --maintainer-check WARNING: board/mikrotik/crs3xx-98dx3236/MAINTAINERS: missing defconfig ending at line 7 WARNING: no maintainers for 'clearfog_spi'
Buildman returns with an exit code of 2 if there area any warnings.
An experimental --full-check option also checks for boards which don't have a
CONFIG_TARGET_xxx where xxx corresponds to their defconfig filename. This is
not strictly necessary, but may be useful information.
Buildman writes out the toolchain information to a toolchain file within the
output directory. It also writes the commands used to build U-Boot in an
out-cmd file. You can check these if you suspect something strange is
happening.
Many improvements have been made over the years. There is still quite a bit of scope for more though, e.g.:
Thanks to Grant Grundler grundler@chromium.org for his ideas for improving the build speed by building all commits for a board instead of the other way around.
.. Halloween 2012 .. Updated 12-12-12 .. Updated 23-02-13 .. Updated 09-04-20
FAQs
Buildman build tool for U-Boot
We found that buildman demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 1 open source maintainer collaborating on the project.
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