Whenever the function is called with the same arguments, the result is loaded from the cache instead of computed. This cache is persistent across runs. If the arguments, source code, or enclosing environment have changed, the cache recomputes the data transparently (no need for manual invalidation).

The use case is meant for iterative development, especially on scientific experiments. Many times a developer will tweak some of the code but not all. Often, reusing intermediate results saves a significant amount of time every run.

See full documentation here_.

.. _here: https://charmoniumq.github.io/charmonium.cache/

Quickstart

If you don't have pip installed, see the pip install guide_.

.. _pip install guide: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installing/

.. code-block:: console

$ pip install charmonium.cache

from charmonium.cache import memoize i = 0 @memoize() ... def square(x): ... print("recomputing") ... # Imagine a more expensive computation here. ... return x**2 + i ... square(4) recomputing 16 square(4) # no need to recompute 16 i = 1 square(4) # global i changed; must recompute recomputing 17

Advantages

While there are other libraries and techniques for memoization, I believe this one is unique because it is:

Correct with respect to source-code changes: The cache detects if you edit the source code or change a file which the program reads (provided they use this library's right file abstraction). Users never need to manually invalidate the cache, so long as the functions are pure (unlike joblib.Memory, Klepto).

It is precise enough that it will ignore changes in unrelated functions in the file, but it will detect changes in relevant functions in other files. It even detects changes in global variables (as in the example above). See Detecting Changes in Functions_ for details.
Useful between runs and across machines: The cache can persist on the disk (unlike functools.lru_cache_). Moreover, a cache can be shared on the network, so that if any machine has computed the function for the same source-source and arguments, this value can be reused by any other machine, provided your datatype is de/serializable on those platforms.
Easy to adopt: Only requires adding one line (decorator_) to the function definition.
Bounded in size: The cache won't take up too much space. This space is partitioned across all memoized functions according to the heuristic.
Supports smart heuristics: By default, the library uses state-of-the-art cache policies that can take into account time-to-recompute and storage-size in addition to recency, more advanced than simple LRU_.
Overhead aware: The library measures the time saved versus overhead. It warns the user if the overhead of caching is not worth it.

.. _Detecting Changes in Functions: https://charmoniumq.github.io/charmonium.cache/tutorial.html#detecting-changes-in-functions .. _Klepto: https://klepto.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ .. _joblib.Memory: https://joblib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/memory.html .. _functools.lru_cache: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html#functools.lru_cache .. _decorator: https://docs.python.org/3/glossary.html#term-decorator .. _LRU: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_replacement_policies#Least_recently_used_(LRU)

Memoize CLI

Make is good for compiling code, but falls short for data science. To get correct results, you have to incorporate every variable your result depends on into a file or part of the filename. If you put it in a file, you only have one version cached at a time; if you put it in the filename, you have to squeeze the variable into a short string. In either case, stale results will accumulate unboundedly, until you run make clean which also purges the fresh results. Finally, it is a significant effor to rewrite shell scripts in make.

memoize makes it easy to memoize steps in shell scripts, correctly. Just add memoize to the start of the line. If the command, its arguments, or its input files change, then command arg1 arg2 ... will be rerun. Otherwise, the output files (including stderr and stdout) will be produced from a prior run. memoize uses ptrace to automatically determine what inputs you depend on and what outputs you produce.

memoize command arg1 arg2

or

memoize --key=$(date +%Y-%m-%d) -- command arg1 arg2

See CLI_ for more details.

.. _CLI: https://charmoniumq.github.io/charmonium.cache/cli.html

Keywords

cache

memoize

decorator

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