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Data Theft Repackaged: A Case Study in Malicious Wrapper Packages on npm
The Socket Research Team breaks down a malicious wrapper package that uses obfuscation to harvest credentials and exfiltrate sensitive data.
Functional-Programming (FP) in a forbidden way:
You can turn arbitrary function into postfix notation in favor of function chaining.
And the library provides many useful patches for builtin/itertools functions.
Compatible with Python 3.7+
pip install forbiddenfp
# objects are already patched at import time
import forbiddenfp
"abc".print().len() # print out "abc", then return 3
"abc".then(lambda s: s * 2).filter(lambda s: s == "b").join() # "bb"
# A more complex one (examples/word_count.py)
("./lorem_ipsum.txt"
.with_open(lambda path, f: f.read().also(print(f"Reading {path}")))
.then(lambda s: s.split(" "))
.counter()
.print())
See more ./examples
.
_unpack
For every higher-order-function chained, we provide an _unpack
version as well.
e.g. [(1, 2), (3, 4)].sum(lambda x: x[0] * x[1])
can also be called as [(1, 2), (3, 4)].sum_unpack(lambda x, y: x * y)
Separate out control structs (which are functions provided by library) from business logic (which are lambda functions supplied to fill the control structs).
So we can have a clearer scope, and separate concerns, when we want to change on either side of things.
if ...
and if ... else ...
are modeled by Maybe/Either monads.while ...
and for ... in ...
are generator/iterators. Additionally, stop-early behavior is takewhile
of the
sequence.Philosophically, think more in def transform(old_state) -> new_state
, rather than state = modify(state)
.
This library is almost an embedded Domain Specific Language (DSL) in Python.
It is understandable that users aren't familiar with what is available without auto-completion features in IDEs.
So we leverage the stub file to provide type hints for the builtin object
type, which IntelliJ/PyCharm/VsCode all support.
In order to find where to stub, open your IDE and Python project/file, type object
to get a class, CTRL/CMD + Click and use
"Find Definition" feature to get to the stub file of your IDE plugin.
Then copy/paste src/forbiddenfp/__init__.py
under class object
stub.
Note that for IntelliJ/Pycharm, once you CTRL + Click on object
, you would need to click on the little icon below
to get to the actual stub file. Append content there.
This library patches builtin object
(and hence ALL classes),
with hacks around CPython API (provided by forbiddenfruit),
so consider this NSFW (Not Safe For Work).
None
doesn't work well with chained keyword arguments.
import forbiddenfp
None.apply(print) # works
None.apply(func=print) # doesn't work
FAQs
Forbidden Functional Programming in Python.
We found that forbiddenfp demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 1 open source maintainer collaborating on the project.
Did you know?
Socket for GitHub automatically highlights issues in each pull request and monitors the health of all your open source dependencies. Discover the contents of your packages and block harmful activity before you install or update your dependencies.
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