Parsing, validation, compilation, and data exchange of Biological Expression Language (BEL)
PyBEL <http://pybel.readthedocs.io>_ is a pure Python package for parsing and handling biological networks encoded in
the Biological Expression Language <https://biological-expression-language.github.io/>_
(BEL).
It facilitates data interchange between data formats like NetworkX <http://networkx.github.io/>,
Node-Link JSON, JGIF <https://github.com/jsongraph/json-graph-specification>, CSV, SIF,
Cytoscape <http://www.cytoscape.org/>, CX <http://www.home.ndexbio.org/data-model/>,
INDRA <https://github.com/sorgerlab/indra>, and GraphDati <https://github.com/graphdati/schemas>; database systems
like SQL and Neo4J <https://neo4j.com>; and web services like NDEx <https://github.com/pybel/pybel2cx>,
BioDati Studio <https://biodati.com/>, and BEL Commons <https://bel-commons-dev.scai.fraunhofer.de>. It also
provides exports for analytical tools like HiPathia <http://hipathia.babelomics.org/>,
Drug2ways <https://github.com/drug2ways/> and SPIA <https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/SPIA.html>;
machine learning tools like PyKEEN <https://github.com/smartdataanalytics/biokeen> and
OpenBioLink <https://github.com/OpenBioLink/OpenBioLink#biological-expression-language-bel-writer>_; and others.
Its companion package, PyBEL Tools <http://pybel-tools.readthedocs.io/>_, contains a
suite of functions and pipelines for analyzing the resulting biological networks.
We realize that we have a name conflict with the python wrapper for the cheminformatics package, OpenBabel. If you're
looking for their python wrapper, see here <https://github.com/openbabel/openbabel/tree/master/scripts/python>_.
If you find PyBEL useful for your work, please consider citing:
.. [1] Hoyt, C. T., et al. (2017). PyBEL: a Computational Framework for Biological Expression Language <https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx660>_. Bioinformatics, 34(December), 1–2.
PyBEL can be installed easily from PyPI <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pybel>_ with the following code in
your favorite shell:
.. code-block:: sh
$ pip install pybel
or from the latest code on GitHub <https://github.com/pybel/pybel>_ with:
.. code-block:: sh
$ pip install git+https://github.com/pybel/pybel.git
See the installation documentation <https://pybel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/introduction/installation.html>_ for more advanced
instructions. Also, check the change log at CHANGELOG.rst <https://github.com/pybel/pybel/blob/master/CHANGELOG.rst>_.
More examples can be found in the documentation <http://pybel.readthedocs.io>_ and in the
PyBEL Notebooks <https://github.com/pybel/pybel-notebooks>_ repository.
Compiling and Saving a BEL Graph
This example illustrates how the a BEL document from the `Human Brain Pharmacome
<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pharmacome/conib>`_ project can be loaded and compiled directly from GitHub.
.. code-block:: python
>>> import pybel
>>> url = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pharmacome/conib/master/hbp_knowledge/proteostasis/kim2013.bel'
>>> graph = pybel.from_bel_script_url(url)
Other functions for loading BEL content from many formats can be found in the
`I/O documentation <https://pybel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/io.html>`_.
Note that PyBEL can handle `BEL 1.0 <https://github.com/OpenBEL/language/raw/master/docs/version_1.0/bel_specification_version_1.0.pdf>`_
and `BEL 2.0+ <https://github.com/OpenBEL/language/raw/master/docs/version_2.0/bel_specification_version_2.0.pdf>`_
simultaneously.
After you have a BEL graph, there are numerous ways to save it. The ``pybel.dump`` function knows
how to output it in many formats based on the file extension you give. For all of the possibilities,
check the `I/O documentation <https://pybel.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/io.html>`_.
.. code-block:: python
>>> import pybel
>>> graph = ...
>>> # write as BEL
>>> pybel.dump(graph, 'my_graph.bel')
>>> # write as Node-Link JSON for network viewers like D3
>>> pybel.dump(graph, 'my_graph.bel.nodelink.json')
>>> # write as GraphDati JSON for BioDati
>>> pybel.dump(graph, 'my_graph.bel.graphdati.json')
>>> # write as CX JSON for NDEx
>>> pybel.dump(graph, 'my_graph.bel.cx.json')
>>> # write as INDRA JSON for INDRA
>>> pybel.dump(graph, 'my_graph.indra.json')
Summarizing the Contents of the Graph
The BELGraph object has several "dispatches" which are properties that organize its various functionalities.
One is the BELGraph.summarize dispatch, which allows for printing summaries to the console.
These examples will use the RAS Model <https://emmaa.indra.bio/dashboard/rasmodel?tab=model>_ from EMMAA,
so you'll have to be sure to pip install indra first. The graph can be acquired and summarized with
BELGraph.summarize.statistics() as in:
.. code-block:: python
>>> import pybel
>>> graph = pybel.from_emmaa('rasmodel', date='2020-05-29-17-31-58') # Needs
>>> graph.summarize.statistics()
--------------------- -------------------
Name rasmodel
Version 2020-05-29-17-31-58
Number of Nodes 126
Number of Namespaces 5
Number of Edges 206
Number of Annotations 4
Number of Citations 1
Number of Authors 0
Network Density 1.31E-02
Number of Components 1
Number of Warnings 0
--------------------- -------------------
The number of nodes of each type can be summarized with BELGraph.summarize.nodes() as in:
.. code-block:: python
>>> graph.summarize.nodes(examples=False)
Type (3) Count
------------ -------
Protein 97
Complex 27
Abundance 2
The number of nodes with each namespace can be summarized with BELGraph.summarize.namespaces() as in:
.. code-block:: python
>>> graph.summarize.namespaces(examples=False)
Namespace (4) Count
--------------- -------
HGNC 94
FPLX 3
CHEBI 1
TEXT 1
The edges can be summarized with BELGraph.summarize.edges() as in:
.. code-block:: python
>>> graph.summarize.edges(examples=False)
Edge Type (12) Count
--------------------------------- -------
Protein increases Protein 64
Protein hasVariant Protein 48
Protein partOf Complex 47
Complex increases Protein 20
Protein decreases Protein 9
Complex directlyIncreases Protein 8
Protein increases Complex 3
Abundance partOf Complex 3
Protein increases Abundance 1
Complex partOf Complex 1
Protein decreases Abundance 1
Abundance decreases Protein 1
Grounding the Graph
Not all BEL graphs contain both the name and identifier for each entity. Some even use non-standard prefixes
(also called **namespaces** in BEL). Usually, BEL graphs are validated against controlled vocabularies,
so the following demo shows how to add the corresponding identifiers to all nodes.
.. code-block:: python
from urllib.request import urlretrieve
url = 'https://github.com/cthoyt/selventa-knowledge/blob/master/selventa_knowledge/large_corpus.bel.nodelink.json.gz'
urlretrieve(url, 'large_corpus.bel.nodelink.json.gz')
import pybel
graph = pybel.load('large_corpus.bel.nodelink.json.gz')
import pybel.grounding
grounded_graph = pybel.grounding.ground(graph)
Note: you have to install ``pyobo`` for this to work and be running Python 3.7+.
Displaying a BEL Graph in Jupyter
After installing jinja2 and ipython, BEL graphs can be displayed in Jupyter notebooks.
.. code-block:: python
from pybel.examples import sialic_acid_graph from pybel.io.jupyter import to_jupyter to_jupyter(sialic_acid_graph)
Using the Parser
If you don't want to use the ``pybel.BELGraph`` data structure and just want to turn BEL statements into JSON
for your own purposes, you can directly use the ``pybel.parse()`` function.
.. code-block:: python
>>> import pybel
>>> pybel.parse('p(hgnc:4617 ! GSK3B) regulates p(hgnc:6893 ! MAPT)')
{'source': {'function': 'Protein', 'concept': {'namespace': 'hgnc', 'identifier': '4617', 'name': 'GSK3B'}}, 'relation': 'regulates', 'target': {'function': 'Protein', 'concept': {'namespace': 'hgnc', 'identifier': '6893', 'name': 'MAPT'}}}
This functionality can also be exposed through a Flask-based web application with ``python -m pybel.apps.parser`` after
installing ``flask`` with ``pip install flask``. Note that the first run requires about a ~2 second delay to generate
the parser, after which each parse is very fast.
Using the CLI
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PyBEL also installs a command line interface with the command :code:`pybel` for simple utilities such as data
conversion. In this example, a BEL document is compiled then exported to `GraphML <http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/>`_
for viewing in Cytoscape.
.. code-block:: sh
$ pybel compile ~/Desktop/example.bel
$ pybel serialize ~/Desktop/example.bel --graphml ~/Desktop/example.graphml
In Cytoscape, open with :code:`Import > Network > From File`.
Contributing
------------
Contributions, whether filing an issue, making a pull request, or forking, are appreciated. See
`CONTRIBUTING.rst <https://github.com/pybel/pybel/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.rst>`_ for more information on getting
involved.
Acknowledgements
----------------
Support
~~~~~~~
The development of PyBEL has been supported by several projects/organizations (in alphabetical order):
- `The Cytoscape Consortium <https://cytoscape.org/>`_
- `Enveda Biosciences <https://envedabio.com/>`_
- `Fraunhofer Center for Machine Learning <https://www.cit.fraunhofer.de/de/zentren/maschinelles-lernen.html>`_
- `Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) <https://www.scai.fraunhofer.de>`_
- `Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science - Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology <https://hits.harvard.edu/the-program/laboratory-of-systems-pharmacology>`_
- `University of Bonn <https://www.uni-bonn.de>`_
Funding
~~~~~~~
- DARPA Young Faculty Award W911NF2010255 (PI: Benjamin M. Gyori).
- The `European Union <https://europa.eu>`_, `European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations
(EFPIA) <https://www.efpia.eu/>`_, and `Innovative Medicines Initiative <https://www.imi.europa.eu>`_ Joint
Undertaking under `AETIONOMY <https://www.aetionomy.eu/>`_ [grant number 115568], resources of which
are composed of financial contribution from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and
EFPIA companies in kind contribution.
Logo
~~~~
The PyBEL `logo <https://github.com/pybel/pybel-art>`_ was designed by `Scott Colby <https://github.com/scolby33>`_.
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Parsing, validation, compilation, and data exchange of Biological Expression Language (BEL)
We found that pybel demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 2 open source maintainers collaborating on the project.
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