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A utility library for mocking out the requests Python library.
.. note::
Responses requires Python 3.8 or newer, and requests >= 2.30.0
.. contents::
pip install responses
Here you will find a list of deprecated functionality and a migration path for each. Please ensure to update your code according to the guidance.
.. list-table:: Deprecation and Migration :widths: 50 25 50 :header-rows: 1
responses.json_params_matcherresponses.matchers.json_params_matcherresponses.urlencoded_params_matcherresponses.matchers.urlencoded_params_matcherstream argument in Response and CallbackResponsestream argument in request directly.match_querystring argument in Response and CallbackResponse.responses.matchers.query_param_matcher or responses.matchers.query_string_matcherresponses.assert_all_requests_are_fired, responses.passthru_prefixes, responses.targetresponses.mock.assert_all_requests_are_fired,
responses.mock.passthru_prefixes, responses.mock.target instead.Below you can find a list of BETA features. Although we will try to keep the API backwards compatible
with released version, we reserve the right to change these APIs before they are considered stable. Please share your feedback via
GitHub Issues <https://github.com/getsentry/responses/issues>_.
Record Responses to files ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
You can perform real requests to the server and responses will automatically record the output to the
file. Recorded data is stored in YAML <https://yaml.org>_ format.
Apply @responses._recorder.record(file_path="out.yaml") decorator to any function where you perform
requests to record responses to out.yaml file.
Following code
.. code-block:: python
import requests
from responses import _recorder
def another():
rsp = requests.get("https://httpstat.us/500")
rsp = requests.get("https://httpstat.us/202")
@_recorder.record(file_path="out.yaml")
def test_recorder():
rsp = requests.get("https://httpstat.us/404")
rsp = requests.get("https://httpbin.org/status/wrong")
another()
will produce next output:
.. code-block:: yaml
responses:
- response:
auto_calculate_content_length: false
body: 404 Not Found
content_type: text/plain
method: GET
status: 404
url: https://httpstat.us/404
- response:
auto_calculate_content_length: false
body: Invalid status code
content_type: text/plain
method: GET
status: 400
url: https://httpbin.org/status/wrong
- response:
auto_calculate_content_length: false
body: 500 Internal Server Error
content_type: text/plain
method: GET
status: 500
url: https://httpstat.us/500
- response:
auto_calculate_content_length: false
body: 202 Accepted
content_type: text/plain
method: GET
status: 202
url: https://httpstat.us/202
Replay responses (populate registry) from files ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
You can populate your active registry from a yaml file with recorded responses.
(See Record Responses to files_ to understand how to obtain a file).
To do that you need to execute responses._add_from_file(file_path="out.yaml") within
an activated decorator or a context manager.
The following code example registers a patch response, then all responses present in
out.yaml file and a post response at the end.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
@responses.activate
def run():
responses.patch("http://httpbin.org")
responses._add_from_file(file_path="out.yaml")
responses.post("http://httpbin.org/form")
run()
The core of responses comes from registering mock responses and covering test function
with responses.activate decorator. responses provides similar interface as requests.
Main Interface ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Response or Response args) - allows either to register Response object or directly
provide arguments of Response object. See Response Parameters_.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_simple():
# Register via 'Response' object
rsp1 = responses.Response(
method="PUT",
url="http://example.com",
)
responses.add(rsp1)
# register via direct arguments
responses.add(
responses.GET,
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"error": "not found"},
status=404,
)
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
resp2 = requests.put("http://example.com")
assert resp.json() == {"error": "not found"}
assert resp.status_code == 404
assert resp2.status_code == 200
assert resp2.request.method == "PUT"
If you attempt to fetch a url which doesn't hit a match, responses will raise
a ConnectionError:
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError
@responses.activate
def test_simple():
with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
Shortcuts ^^^^^^^^^
Shortcuts provide a shorten version of responses.add() where method argument is prefilled
Response args) - register DELETE responseResponse args) - register GET responseResponse args) - register HEAD responseResponse args) - register OPTIONS responseResponse args) - register PATCH responseResponse args) - register POST responseResponse args) - register PUT response.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_simple():
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"type": "get"},
)
responses.post(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"type": "post"},
)
responses.patch(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"type": "patch"},
)
resp_get = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
resp_post = requests.post("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
resp_patch = requests.patch("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp_get.json() == {"type": "get"}
assert resp_post.json() == {"type": "post"}
assert resp_patch.json() == {"type": "patch"}
Responses as a context manager ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Instead of wrapping the whole function with decorator you can use a context manager.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
def test_my_api():
with responses.RequestsMock() as rsps:
rsps.add(
responses.GET,
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
body="{}",
status=200,
content_type="application/json",
)
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 200
# outside the context manager requests will hit the remote server
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
resp.status_code == 404
The following attributes can be passed to a Response mock:
method (str)
The HTTP method (GET, POST, etc).
url (str or compiled regular expression)
The full resource URL.
match_querystring (bool)
DEPRECATED: Use responses.matchers.query_param_matcher or
responses.matchers.query_string_matcher
Include the query string when matching requests.
Enabled by default if the response URL contains a query string,
disabled if it doesn't or the URL is a regular expression.
body (str or BufferedReader or Exception)
The response body. Read more Exception as Response body_
json A Python object representing the JSON response body. Automatically configures the appropriate Content-Type.
status (int)
The HTTP status code.
content_type (content_type)
Defaults to text/plain.
headers (dict)
Response headers.
stream (bool)
DEPRECATED: use stream argument in request directly
auto_calculate_content_length (bool)
Disabled by default. Automatically calculates the length of a supplied string or JSON body.
match (tuple)
An iterable (tuple is recommended) of callbacks to match requests
based on request attributes.
Current module provides multiple matchers that you can use to match:
* body contents in JSON format
* body contents in URL encoded data format
* request query parameters
* request query string (similar to query parameters but takes string as input)
* kwargs provided to request e.g. ``stream``, ``verify``
* 'multipart/form-data' content and headers in request
* request headers
* request fragment identifier
Alternatively user can create custom matcher.
Read more `Matching Requests`_
You can pass an Exception as the body to trigger an error on the request:
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_simple():
responses.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar", body=Exception("..."))
with pytest.raises(Exception):
requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
Matching Request Body Contents ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
When adding responses for endpoints that are sent request data you can add
matchers to ensure your code is sending the right parameters and provide
different responses based on the request body contents. responses provides
matchers for JSON and URL-encoded request bodies.
URL-encoded data """"""""""""""""
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from responses import matchers
@responses.activate
def test_calc_api():
responses.post(
url="http://calc.com/sum",
body="4",
match=[matchers.urlencoded_params_matcher({"left": "1", "right": "3"})],
)
requests.post("http://calc.com/sum", data={"left": 1, "right": 3})
JSON encoded data """""""""""""""""
Matching JSON encoded data can be done with matchers.json_params_matcher().
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from responses import matchers
@responses.activate
def test_calc_api():
responses.post(
url="http://example.com/",
body="one",
match=[
matchers.json_params_matcher({"page": {"name": "first", "type": "json"}})
],
)
resp = requests.request(
"POST",
"http://example.com/",
headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
json={"page": {"name": "first", "type": "json"}},
)
Query Parameters Matcher ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Query Parameters as a Dictionary """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
You can use the matchers.query_param_matcher function to match
against the params request parameter. Just use the same dictionary as you
will use in params argument in request.
Note, do not use query parameters as part of the URL. Avoid using match_querystring
deprecated argument.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from responses import matchers
@responses.activate
def test_calc_api():
url = "http://example.com/test"
params = {"hello": "world", "I am": "a big test"}
responses.get(
url=url,
body="test",
match=[matchers.query_param_matcher(params)],
)
resp = requests.get(url, params=params)
constructed_url = r"http://example.com/test?I+am=a+big+test&hello=world"
assert resp.url == constructed_url
assert resp.request.url == constructed_url
assert resp.request.params == params
By default, matcher will validate that all parameters match strictly.
To validate that only parameters specified in the matcher are present in original request
use strict_match=False.
Query Parameters as a String """"""""""""""""""""""""""""
As alternative, you can use query string value in matchers.query_string_matcher to match
query parameters in your request
.. code-block:: python
import requests
import responses
from responses import matchers
@responses.activate
def my_func():
responses.get(
"https://httpbin.org/get",
match=[matchers.query_string_matcher("didi=pro&test=1")],
)
resp = requests.get("https://httpbin.org/get", params={"test": 1, "didi": "pro"})
my_func()
Request Keyword Arguments Matcher ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
To validate request arguments use the matchers.request_kwargs_matcher function to match
against the request kwargs.
Only following arguments are supported: timeout, verify, proxies, stream, cert.
Note, only arguments provided to matchers.request_kwargs_matcher will be validated.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from responses import matchers
with responses.RequestsMock(assert_all_requests_are_fired=False) as rsps:
req_kwargs = {
"stream": True,
"verify": False,
}
rsps.add(
"GET",
"http://111.com",
match=[matchers.request_kwargs_matcher(req_kwargs)],
)
requests.get("http://111.com", stream=True)
# >>> Arguments don't match: {stream: True, verify: True} doesn't match {stream: True, verify: False}
Request multipart/form-data Data Validation ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
To validate request body and headers for multipart/form-data data you can use
matchers.multipart_matcher. The data, and files parameters provided will be compared
to the request:
.. code-block:: python
import requests
import responses
from responses.matchers import multipart_matcher
@responses.activate
def my_func():
req_data = {"some": "other", "data": "fields"}
req_files = {"file_name": b"Old World!"}
responses.post(
url="http://httpbin.org/post",
match=[multipart_matcher(req_files, data=req_data)],
)
resp = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", files={"file_name": b"New World!"})
my_func()
# >>> raises ConnectionError: multipart/form-data doesn't match. Request body differs.
Request Fragment Identifier Validation ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
To validate request URL fragment identifier you can use matchers.fragment_identifier_matcher.
The matcher takes fragment string (everything after # sign) as input for comparison:
.. code-block:: python
import requests
import responses
from responses.matchers import fragment_identifier_matcher
@responses.activate
def run():
url = "http://example.com?ab=xy&zed=qwe#test=1&foo=bar"
responses.get(
url,
match=[fragment_identifier_matcher("test=1&foo=bar")],
body=b"test",
)
# two requests to check reversed order of fragment identifier
resp = requests.get("http://example.com?ab=xy&zed=qwe#test=1&foo=bar")
resp = requests.get("http://example.com?zed=qwe&ab=xy#foo=bar&test=1")
run()
Request Headers Validation ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
When adding responses you can specify matchers to ensure that your code is sending the right headers and provide different responses based on the request headers.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from responses import matchers
@responses.activate
def test_content_type():
responses.get(
url="http://example.com/",
body="hello world",
match=[matchers.header_matcher({"Accept": "text/plain"})],
)
responses.get(
url="http://example.com/",
json={"content": "hello world"},
match=[matchers.header_matcher({"Accept": "application/json"})],
)
# request in reverse order to how they were added!
resp = requests.get("http://example.com/", headers={"Accept": "application/json"})
assert resp.json() == {"content": "hello world"}
resp = requests.get("http://example.com/", headers={"Accept": "text/plain"})
assert resp.text == "hello world"
Because requests will send several standard headers in addition to what was
specified by your code, request headers that are additional to the ones
passed to the matcher are ignored by default. You can change this behaviour by
passing strict_match=True to the matcher to ensure that only the headers
that you're expecting are sent and no others. Note that you will probably have
to use a PreparedRequest in your code to ensure that requests doesn't
include any additional headers.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from responses import matchers
@responses.activate
def test_content_type():
responses.get(
url="http://example.com/",
body="hello world",
match=[matchers.header_matcher({"Accept": "text/plain"}, strict_match=True)],
)
# this will fail because requests adds its own headers
with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
requests.get("http://example.com/", headers={"Accept": "text/plain"})
# a prepared request where you overwrite the headers before sending will work
session = requests.Session()
prepped = session.prepare_request(
requests.Request(
method="GET",
url="http://example.com/",
)
)
prepped.headers = {"Accept": "text/plain"}
resp = session.send(prepped)
assert resp.text == "hello world"
Creating Custom Matcher ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
If your application requires other encodings or different data validation you can build
your own matcher that returns Tuple[matches: bool, reason: str].
Where boolean represents True or False if the request parameters match and
the string is a reason in case of match failure. Your matcher can
expect a PreparedRequest parameter to be provided by responses.
Note, PreparedRequest is customized and has additional attributes params and req_kwargs.
Default Registry ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
By default, responses will search all registered Response objects and
return a match. If only one Response is registered, the registry is kept unchanged.
However, if multiple matches are found for the same request, then first match is returned and
removed from registry.
Ordered Registry ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In some scenarios it is important to preserve the order of the requests and responses.
You can use registries.OrderedRegistry to force all Response objects to be dependent
on the insertion order and invocation index.
In following example we add multiple Response objects that target the same URL. However,
you can see, that status code will depend on the invocation order.
.. code-block:: python
import requests
import responses
from responses.registries import OrderedRegistry
@responses.activate(registry=OrderedRegistry)
def test_invocation_index():
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"msg": "not found"},
status=404,
)
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"msg": "OK"},
status=200,
)
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"msg": "OK"},
status=200,
)
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"msg": "not found"},
status=404,
)
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 404
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 200
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 200
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 404
Custom Registry ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Built-in registries are suitable for most of use cases, but to handle special conditions, you can
implement custom registry which must follow interface of registries.FirstMatchRegistry.
Redefining the find method will allow you to create custom search logic and return
appropriate Response
Example that shows how to set custom registry
.. code-block:: python
import responses
from responses import registries
class CustomRegistry(registries.FirstMatchRegistry):
pass
print("Before tests:", responses.mock.get_registry())
""" Before tests: <responses.registries.FirstMatchRegistry object> """
# using function decorator
@responses.activate(registry=CustomRegistry)
def run():
print("Within test:", responses.mock.get_registry())
""" Within test: <__main__.CustomRegistry object> """
run()
print("After test:", responses.mock.get_registry())
""" After test: <responses.registries.FirstMatchRegistry object> """
# using context manager
with responses.RequestsMock(registry=CustomRegistry) as rsps:
print("In context manager:", rsps.get_registry())
""" In context manager: <__main__.CustomRegistry object> """
print("After exit from context manager:", responses.mock.get_registry())
"""
After exit from context manager: <responses.registries.FirstMatchRegistry object>
"""
You can utilize callbacks to provide dynamic responses. The callback must return
a tuple of (status, headers, body).
.. code-block:: python
import json
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_calc_api():
def request_callback(request):
payload = json.loads(request.body)
resp_body = {"value": sum(payload["numbers"])}
headers = {"request-id": "728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13"}
return (200, headers, json.dumps(resp_body))
responses.add_callback(
responses.POST,
"http://calc.com/sum",
callback=request_callback,
content_type="application/json",
)
resp = requests.post(
"http://calc.com/sum",
json.dumps({"numbers": [1, 2, 3]}),
headers={"content-type": "application/json"},
)
assert resp.json() == {"value": 6}
assert len(responses.calls) == 1
assert responses.calls[0].request.url == "http://calc.com/sum"
assert responses.calls[0].response.text == '{"value": 6}'
assert (
responses.calls[0].response.headers["request-id"]
== "728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13"
)
You can also pass a compiled regex to add_callback to match multiple urls:
.. code-block:: python
import re, json
from functools import reduce
import responses
import requests
operators = {
"sum": lambda x, y: x + y,
"prod": lambda x, y: x * y,
"pow": lambda x, y: x**y,
}
@responses.activate
def test_regex_url():
def request_callback(request):
payload = json.loads(request.body)
operator_name = request.path_url[1:]
operator = operators[operator_name]
resp_body = {"value": reduce(operator, payload["numbers"])}
headers = {"request-id": "728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13"}
return (200, headers, json.dumps(resp_body))
responses.add_callback(
responses.POST,
re.compile("http://calc.com/(sum|prod|pow|unsupported)"),
callback=request_callback,
content_type="application/json",
)
resp = requests.post(
"http://calc.com/prod",
json.dumps({"numbers": [2, 3, 4]}),
headers={"content-type": "application/json"},
)
assert resp.json() == {"value": 24}
test_regex_url()
If you want to pass extra keyword arguments to the callback function, for example when reusing
a callback function to give a slightly different result, you can use functools.partial:
.. code-block:: python
from functools import partial
def request_callback(request, id=None):
payload = json.loads(request.body)
resp_body = {"value": sum(payload["numbers"])}
headers = {"request-id": id}
return (200, headers, json.dumps(resp_body))
responses.add_callback(
responses.POST,
"http://calc.com/sum",
callback=partial(request_callback, id="728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13"),
content_type="application/json",
)
Responses as a pytest fixture
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. code-block:: python
@pytest.fixture
def mocked_responses():
with responses.RequestsMock() as rsps:
yield rsps
def test_api(mocked_responses):
mocked_responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
body="{}",
status=200,
content_type="application/json",
)
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 200
Add default responses for each test ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
When run with unittest tests, this can be used to set up some
generic class-level responses, that may be complemented by each test.
Similar interface could be applied in pytest framework.
.. code-block:: python
class TestMyApi(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
responses.get("https://example.com", body="within setup")
# here go other self.responses.add(...)
@responses.activate
def test_my_func(self):
responses.get(
"https://httpbin.org/get",
match=[matchers.query_param_matcher({"test": "1", "didi": "pro"})],
body="within test",
)
resp = requests.get("https://example.com")
resp2 = requests.get(
"https://httpbin.org/get", params={"test": "1", "didi": "pro"}
)
print(resp.text)
# >>> within setup
print(resp2.text)
# >>> within test
RequestMock methods: start, stop, reset ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
responses has start, stop, reset methods very analogous to
unittest.mock.patch <https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock.html#patch-methods-start-and-stop>_.
These make it simpler to do requests mocking in setup methods or where
you want to do multiple patches without nesting decorators or with statements.
.. code-block:: python
class TestUnitTestPatchSetup:
def setup(self):
"""Creates ``RequestsMock`` instance and starts it."""
self.r_mock = responses.RequestsMock(assert_all_requests_are_fired=True)
self.r_mock.start()
# optionally some default responses could be registered
self.r_mock.get("https://example.com", status=505)
self.r_mock.put("https://example.com", status=506)
def teardown(self):
"""Stops and resets RequestsMock instance.
If ``assert_all_requests_are_fired`` is set to ``True``, will raise an error
if some requests were not processed.
"""
self.r_mock.stop()
self.r_mock.reset()
def test_function(self):
resp = requests.get("https://example.com")
assert resp.status_code == 505
resp = requests.put("https://example.com")
assert resp.status_code == 506
When used as a context manager, Responses will, by default, raise an assertion
error if a url was registered but not accessed. This can be disabled by passing
the assert_all_requests_are_fired value:
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
def test_my_api():
with responses.RequestsMock(assert_all_requests_are_fired=False) as rsps:
rsps.add(
responses.GET,
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
body="{}",
status=200,
content_type="application/json",
)
Assert based on Response object
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Each Response object has call_count attribute that could be inspected
to check how many times each request was matched.
.. code-block:: python
@responses.activate
def test_call_count_with_matcher():
rsp = responses.get(
"http://www.example.com",
match=(matchers.query_param_matcher({}),),
)
rsp2 = responses.get(
"http://www.example.com",
match=(matchers.query_param_matcher({"hello": "world"}),),
status=777,
)
requests.get("http://www.example.com")
resp1 = requests.get("http://www.example.com")
requests.get("http://www.example.com?hello=world")
resp2 = requests.get("http://www.example.com?hello=world")
assert resp1.status_code == 200
assert resp2.status_code == 777
assert rsp.call_count == 2
assert rsp2.call_count == 2
Assert based on the exact URL ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Assert that the request was called exactly n times.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_assert_call_count():
responses.get("http://example.com")
requests.get("http://example.com")
assert responses.assert_call_count("http://example.com", 1) is True
requests.get("http://example.com")
with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as excinfo:
responses.assert_call_count("http://example.com", 1)
assert (
"Expected URL 'http://example.com' to be called 1 times. Called 2 times."
in str(excinfo.value)
)
@responses.activate
def test_assert_call_count_always_match_qs():
responses.get("http://www.example.com")
requests.get("http://www.example.com")
requests.get("http://www.example.com?hello=world")
# One call on each url, querystring is matched by default
responses.assert_call_count("http://www.example.com", 1) is True
responses.assert_call_count("http://www.example.com?hello=world", 1) is True
Request object has calls list which elements correspond to Call objects
in the global list of Registry. This can be useful when the order of requests is not
guaranteed, but you need to check their correctness, for example in multithreaded
applications.
.. code-block:: python
import concurrent.futures
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_assert_calls_on_resp():
rsp1 = responses.patch("http://www.foo.bar/1/", status=200)
rsp2 = responses.patch("http://www.foo.bar/2/", status=400)
rsp3 = responses.patch("http://www.foo.bar/3/", status=200)
def update_user(uid, is_active):
url = f"http://www.foo.bar/{uid}/"
response = requests.patch(url, json={"is_active": is_active})
return response
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=3) as executor:
future_to_uid = {
executor.submit(update_user, uid, is_active): uid
for (uid, is_active) in [("3", True), ("2", True), ("1", False)]
}
for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_uid):
uid = future_to_uid[future]
response = future.result()
print(f"{uid} updated with {response.status_code} status code")
assert len(responses.calls) == 3 # total calls count
assert rsp1.call_count == 1
assert rsp1.calls[0] in responses.calls
assert rsp1.calls[0].response.status_code == 200
assert json.loads(rsp1.calls[0].request.body) == {"is_active": False}
assert rsp2.call_count == 1
assert rsp2.calls[0] in responses.calls
assert rsp2.calls[0].response.status_code == 400
assert json.loads(rsp2.calls[0].request.body) == {"is_active": True}
assert rsp3.call_count == 1
assert rsp3.calls[0] in responses.calls
assert rsp3.calls[0].response.status_code == 200
assert json.loads(rsp3.calls[0].request.body) == {"is_active": True}
You can also add multiple responses for the same url:
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_my_api():
responses.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar", status=500)
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
body="{}",
status=200,
content_type="application/json",
)
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 500
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 200
In the following example you can see how to create a redirection chain and add custom exception that will be raised in the execution chain and contain the history of redirects.
.. code-block::
A -> 301 redirect -> B
B -> 301 redirect -> C
C -> connection issue
.. code-block:: python
import pytest
import requests
import responses
@responses.activate
def test_redirect():
# create multiple Response objects where first two contain redirect headers
rsp1 = responses.Response(
responses.GET,
"http://example.com/1",
status=301,
headers={"Location": "http://example.com/2"},
)
rsp2 = responses.Response(
responses.GET,
"http://example.com/2",
status=301,
headers={"Location": "http://example.com/3"},
)
rsp3 = responses.Response(responses.GET, "http://example.com/3", status=200)
# register above generated Responses in ``response`` module
responses.add(rsp1)
responses.add(rsp2)
responses.add(rsp3)
# do the first request in order to generate genuine ``requests`` response
# this object will contain genuine attributes of the response, like ``history``
rsp = requests.get("http://example.com/1")
responses.calls.reset()
# customize exception with ``response`` attribute
my_error = requests.ConnectionError("custom error")
my_error.response = rsp
# update body of the 3rd response with Exception, this will be raised during execution
rsp3.body = my_error
with pytest.raises(requests.ConnectionError) as exc_info:
requests.get("http://example.com/1")
assert exc_info.value.args[0] == "custom error"
assert rsp1.url in exc_info.value.response.history[0].url
assert rsp2.url in exc_info.value.response.history[1].url
Retry mechanismIf you are using the Retry features of urllib3 and want to cover scenarios that test your retry limits, you can test those scenarios with responses as well. The best approach will be to use an Ordered Registry_
.. code-block:: python
import requests
import responses
from responses import registries
from urllib3.util import Retry
@responses.activate(registry=registries.OrderedRegistry)
def test_max_retries():
url = "https://example.com"
rsp1 = responses.get(url, body="Error", status=500)
rsp2 = responses.get(url, body="Error", status=500)
rsp3 = responses.get(url, body="Error", status=500)
rsp4 = responses.get(url, body="OK", status=200)
session = requests.Session()
adapter = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(
max_retries=Retry(
total=4,
backoff_factor=0.1,
status_forcelist=[500],
method_whitelist=["GET", "POST", "PATCH"],
)
)
session.mount("https://", adapter)
resp = session.get(url)
assert resp.status_code == 200
assert rsp1.call_count == 1
assert rsp2.call_count == 1
assert rsp3.call_count == 1
assert rsp4.call_count == 1
If you use customized processing in requests via subclassing/mixins, or if you
have library tools that interact with requests at a low level, you may need
to add extended processing to the mocked Response object to fully simulate the
environment for your tests. A response_callback can be used, which will be
wrapped by the library before being returned to the caller. The callback
accepts a response as it's single argument, and is expected to return a
single response object.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
def response_callback(resp):
resp.callback_processed = True
return resp
with responses.RequestsMock(response_callback=response_callback) as m:
m.add(responses.GET, "http://example.com", body=b"test")
resp = requests.get("http://example.com")
assert resp.text == "test"
assert hasattr(resp, "callback_processed")
assert resp.callback_processed is True
In some cases you may wish to allow for certain requests to pass through responses
and hit a real server. This can be done with the add_passthru methods:
.. code-block:: python
import responses
@responses.activate
def test_my_api():
responses.add_passthru("https://percy.io")
This will allow any requests matching that prefix, that is otherwise not registered as a mock response, to passthru using the standard behavior.
Pass through endpoints can be configured with regex patterns if you need to allow an entire domain or path subtree to send requests:
.. code-block:: python
responses.add_passthru(re.compile("https://percy.io/\\w+"))
Lastly, you can use the passthrough argument of the Response object
to force a response to behave as a pass through.
.. code-block:: python
# Enable passthrough for a single response
response = Response(
responses.GET,
"http://example.com",
body="not used",
passthrough=True,
)
responses.add(response)
# Use PassthroughResponse
response = PassthroughResponse(responses.GET, "http://example.com")
responses.add(response)
Registered responses are available as a public method of the RequestMock
instance. It is sometimes useful for debugging purposes to view the stack of
registered responses which can be accessed via responses.registered().
The replace function allows a previously registered response to be
changed. The method signature is identical to add. response s are
identified using method and url. Only the first matched response is
replaced.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_replace():
responses.get("http://example.org", json={"data": 1})
responses.replace(responses.GET, "http://example.org", json={"data": 2})
resp = requests.get("http://example.org")
assert resp.json() == {"data": 2}
The upsert function allows a previously registered response to be
changed like replace. If the response is registered, the upsert function
will registered it like add.
remove takes a method and url argument and will remove all
matched responses from the registered list.
Finally, reset will reset all registered responses.
responses supports both Coroutines and Multithreading out of the box.
Note, responses locks threading on RequestMock object allowing only
single thread to access it.
.. code-block:: python
async def test_async_calls():
@responses.activate
async def run():
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"error": "not found"},
status=404,
)
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.json() == {"error": "not found"}
assert responses.calls[0].request.url == "http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar"
await run()
Environment Configuration ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Responses uses several linting and autoformatting utilities, so it's important that when submitting patches you use the appropriate toolchain:
Clone the repository:
.. code-block:: shell
git clone https://github.com/getsentry/responses.git
Create an environment (e.g. with virtualenv):
.. code-block:: shell
virtualenv .env && source .env/bin/activate
Configure development requirements:
.. code-block:: shell
make develop
Tests and Code Quality Validation ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The easiest way to validate your code is to run tests via tox.
Current tox configuration runs the same checks that are used in
GitHub Actions CI/CD pipeline.
Please execute the following command line from the project root to validate your code against:
mypypre-commit hooks.. code-block:: shell
tox
Alternatively, you can always run a single test. See documentation below.
Unit tests """"""""""
Responses uses Pytest <https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/>_ for
testing. You can run all tests by:
.. code-block:: shell
tox -e py37
tox -e py310
OR manually activate required version of Python and run
.. code-block:: shell
pytest
And run a single test by:
.. code-block:: shell
pytest -k '<test_function_name>'
Type Validation """""""""""""""
To verify type compliance, run mypy <https://github.com/python/mypy>_ linter:
.. code-block:: shell
tox -e mypy
OR
.. code-block:: shell
mypy --config-file=./mypy.ini -p responses
Code Quality and Style """"""""""""""""""""""
To check code style and reformat it run:
.. code-block:: shell
tox -e precom
OR
.. code-block:: shell
pre-commit run --all-files
FAQs
A utility library for mocking out the `requests` Python library.
We found that responses demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 2 open source maintainers collaborating on the project.
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