Imagine that we have a change A and a change B depending on A, and we would like to get them both reviewed. Without stacked PRs one would have to create two PRs: A and A+B. The second PR would be difficult to review as it includes all the changes simultaneously. With stacked PRs the first PR will have only the change A, and the second PR will only have the change B. With stacked PRs one can group related changes together making them easier to review.

Example:

StackedPRExample1

Installation

Dependencies

This is a non-comprehensive list of dependencies required by stack-pr.py:

Install gh, e.g., brew install gh on MacOS.
Run gh auth login with SSH

Installation with `pipx`

To install via pipx run:

pipx install stack-pr

Manual installation from source

Manually, you can clone the repository and run the following command:

pipx install .

Usage

stack-pr allows you to work with stacked PRs: submit, view, and land them.

Basic Workflow

The most common workflow is simple:

Create a feature branch from main:

git checkout main
git pull
git checkout -b my-feature

Make your changes and create multiple commits (one commit per PR you want to create)

# Make some changes
git commit -m "First change"
# Make more changes
git commit -m "Second change"
# And so on...

Review what will be in your stack:

stack-pr view  # Always safe to run, helps catch issues early

Create/update the stack of PRs:

stack-pr submit

Note: export is an alias for submit.

To update any PR in the stack:

Amend the corresponding commit
Run stack-pr view to verify your changes
Run stack-pr submit again

To rebase your stack on the latest main:

git checkout my-feature
git pull origin main  # Get the latest main
git rebase main       # Rebase your commits on top of main
stack-pr submit       # Resubmit to update all PRs

When your PRs are ready to merge, you have two options:

Option A: Using stack-pr land:

stack-pr land

This will:

Merge the bottom-most PR in your stack
Automatically rebase your remaining PRs
You can run stack-pr land again to merge the next PR once CI passes

Option B: Using GitHub web interface:

Merge the bottom-most PR through GitHub UI

After the merge, on your local machine:

git checkout my-feature
git pull origin main  # Get the merged changes
stack-pr submit       # Resubmit the stack to rebase remaining PRs

Repeat for each PR in the stack

That's it!

Pro-tip: Run stack-pr view frequently - it's a safe command that helps you understand the current state of your stack and catch any potential issues early.

Commands

stack-pr has five main commands:

submit (or export) - create a new stack of PRs from the given set of commits. One can think of this as "push my local changes to the corresponding remote branches and update the corresponding PRs (or create new PRs if they don't exist yet)".
view - inspect the given set of commits and find the linked PRs. This command does not push any changes anywhere and does not change any commits. It can be used to examine what other commands did or will do.
abandon - remove all stack metadata from the given set of commits. Apart from removing the metadata from the affected commits, this command deletes the corresponding local and remote branches and closes the PRs.
land - merge the bottom-most PR in the current stack and rebase the rest of the stack on the latest main.
config - set configuration values in the config file. Similar to git config, it takes a setting in the format <section>.<key>=<value> and updates the config file (.stack-pr.cfg by default).

A usual workflow is the following:

while not ready to merge:
    make local changes
    commit to local git repo or amend existing commits
    create or update the stack with `stack-pr.py submit`
merge changes with `stack-pr.py land`

You can also use view at any point to examine the current state, and abandon to drop the stack.

Under the hood the tool creates and maintains branches named $USERNAME/stack/$BRANCH_NUM (the name pattern can be customized via --branch-name-template option) and embeds stack metadata into commit messages, but you are not supposed to work with those branches or edit that metadata manually. I.e. instead of pushing to these branches you should use submit, instead of deleting them you should use abandon and instead of merging them you should use land.

The tool looks at commits in the range BASE..HEAD and creates a stack of PRs to apply these commits to TARGET. By default, BASE is main (local branch), HEAD is the git revision HEAD, and TARGET is main on remote (i.e. origin/main). These parameters can be changed with options -B, -H, and -T respectively and accept the standard git notation: e.g. one can use -B HEAD~2, to create a stack from the last two commits.

Example

The first step before creating a stack of PRs is to double-check the changes we’re going to post.

By default stack-pr will look at commits in main..HEAD range and will create a PR for every commit in that range.

For instance, if we have

# git checkout my-feature
# git log -n 4  --format=oneline
**cc932b71c** (**my-feature**)        Optimized navigation algorithms for deep space travel
**3475c898f**                         Fixed zero-gravity coffee spill bug in beverage dispenser
**99c4cd9a7**                         Added warp drive functionality to spaceship engine.
**d2b7bcf87** (**origin/main, main**) Added module for deploying remote space probes

Then the tool will consider the top three commits as changes, for which we’re trying to create a stack.

Pro-tip: a convenient way to see what commits will be considered by default is the following command:

alias githist='git log --abbrev-commit --oneline $(git merge-base origin/main HEAD)^..HEAD'

We can double-check that by running the script with view command - it is always a safe command to run:

# stack-pr view
...
VIEW
**Stack:**
   * **cc932b71** (No PR): Optimized navigation algorithms for deep space travel
   * **3475c898** (No PR): Fixed zero-gravity coffee spill bug in beverage dispenser
   * **99c4cd9a** (No PR): Added warp drive functionality to spaceship engine.
SUCCESS!

If everything looks correct, we can now submit the stack, i.e. create all the corresponding PRs and cross-link them. To do that, we run the tool with submit command:

# stack-pr submit
...
SUCCESS!

The command accepts a couple of options that might be useful, namely:

--draft - mark all created PRs as draft. This helps to avoid over-burdening CI.
--draft-bitmask - mark select PRs in a stack as draft using a bitmask where 1 indicates draft, and 0 indicates non-draft. For example --draft-bitmask 0010 to make the third PR a draft in a stack of four. The length of the bitmask must match the number of stacked PRs. Overridden by --draft when passed.
--reviewer="handle1,handle2" - assign specified reviewers.

If the command succeeded, we should see “SUCCESS!” in the end, and we can now run view again to look at the new stack:

# stack-pr view
...
VIEW
**Stack:**
   * **cc932b71** (#439, 'ZolotukhinM/stack/103' -> 'ZolotukhinM/stack/102'): Optimized navigation algorithms for deep space travel
   * **3475c898** (#438, 'ZolotukhinM/stack/102' -> 'ZolotukhinM/stack/101'): Fixed zero-gravity coffee spill bug in beverage dispenser
   * **99c4cd9a** (#437, 'ZolotukhinM/stack/101' -> 'main'): Added warp drive functionality to spaceship engine.
SUCCESS!

We can also go to github and check our PRs there:

StackedPRExample2

If we need to make changes to any of the PRs (e.g. to address the review feedback), we simply amend the desired changes to the appropriate git commits and run submit again. If needed, we can rearrange commits or add new ones.

submit simply syncs the local changes with the corresponding PRs. This is why we use the same stack-pr submit command when we create a new stack, rebase our changes on the latest main, update any PR in the stack, add new commits to the stack, or rearrange commits in the stack.

When we are ready to merge our changes, we use land command.

# stack-pr land
LAND
Stack:
   * cc932b71 (#439, 'ZolotukhinM/stack/103' -> 'ZolotukhinM/stack/102'): Optimized navigation algorithms for deep space travel
   * 3475c898 (#438, 'ZolotukhinM/stack/102' -> 'ZolotukhinM/stack/101'): Fixed zero-gravity coffee spill bug in beverage dispenser
   * 99c4cd9a (#437, 'ZolotukhinM/stack/101' -> 'main'): Added warp drive functionality to spaceship engine.
Landing 99c4cd9a (#437, 'ZolotukhinM/stack/101' -> 'main'): Added warp drive functionality to spaceship engine.
...
Rebasing 3475c898 (#438, 'ZolotukhinM/stack/102' -> 'ZolotukhinM/stack/101'): Fixed zero-gravity coffee spill bug in beverage dispenser
...
Rebasing cc932b71 (#439, 'ZolotukhinM/stack/103' -> 'ZolotukhinM/stack/102'): Optimized navigation algorithms for deep space travel
...
SUCCESS!

This command lands the first PR of the stack and rebases the rest. If we run view command after land we will find the remaining, not yet-landed PRs there:

# stack-pr view
VIEW
**Stack:**
   * **8177f347** (#439, 'ZolotukhinM/stack/103' -> 'ZolotukhinM/stack/102'): Optimized navigation algorithms for deep space travel
   * **35c429c8** (#438, 'ZolotukhinM/stack/102' -> 'main'): Fixed zero-gravity coffee spill bug in beverage dispenser

This way we can land all the PRs from the stack one by one.

Specifying custom commit ranges

The example above used the default commit range - main..HEAD, but you can specify a custom range too. Below are several commonly useful invocations of the script:

# Submit a stack of last 5 commits
stack-pr submit -B HEAD~5

# Use 'origin/main' instead of 'main' as the base for the stack
stack-pr submit -B origin/main

# Do not include last two commits to the stack
stack-pr submit -H HEAD~2

These options work for all script commands (and it’s recommended to first use them with view to double check the result). It is possible to mix and match them too - e.g. one can first submit the stack for the last 5 commits and then land first three of them:

# Inspect what commits will be included HEAD~5..HEAD
stack-pr view -B HEAD~5
# Create a stack from last five commits
stack-pr submit -B HEAD~5

# Inspect what commits will be included into the range HEAD~5..HEAD~2
stack-pr view -B HEAD~5 -H HEAD~2
# Land first three PRs from the stack
stack-pr land -B HEAD~5 -H HEAD~2

Note that generally one doesn't need to specify the base and head branches explicitly - stack-pr will figure out the correct range based on the current branch and the remote main by default.

Command Line Options Reference

Common Arguments

These arguments can be used with any subcommand:

-R, --remote: Remote name (default: "origin")
-B, --base: Local base branch
-H, --head: Local head branch (default: "HEAD")
-T, --target: Remote target branch (default: "main")
--hyperlinks/--no-hyperlinks: Enable/disable hyperlink support (default: enabled)
-V, --verbose: Enable verbose output from Git subcommands (default: false)
--branch-name-template: Template for generated branch names (default: "$USERNAME/stack"). The following variables are supported:
- $USERNAME: The username of the current user
- $BRANCH: The current branch name
- $ID: The location for the ID of the branch. The ID is determined by the order of creation of the branches. If $ID is not found in the template, the template will be appended with /$ID.

Subcommands

submit (alias: export)

Submit a stack of PRs.

Options:

--keep-body: Keep current PR body, only update cross-links (default: false)
-d, --draft: Submit PRs in draft mode (default: false)
--draft-bitmask: Bitmask for setting draft status per PR
--reviewer: List of reviewers for the PRs (default: from $STACK_PR_DEFAULT_REVIEWER or config)
-s, --stash: Stash all uncommitted changes before submitting the PR

land

Land the bottom-most PR in the current stack.

If the land.style config option has the disable value, this command is not available.

abandon

Abandon the current stack.

Takes no additional arguments beyond common ones.

view

Inspect the current stack

Takes no additional arguments beyond common ones.

config

Set a configuration value in the config file.

Arguments:

setting (required): Configuration setting in format <section>.<key>=<value>

Examples:

# Set verbose mode
stack-pr config common.verbose=True

# Disable usage tips (hide verbose output after commands)
stack-pr config common.show_tips=False

# Set target branch
stack-pr config repo.target=master

# Set default reviewer(s)
stack-pr config repo.reviewer=user1,user2

# Set custom branch name template
stack-pr config repo.branch_name_template=$USERNAME/stack

# Disable the land command (require GitHub web interface for merging)
stack-pr config land.style=disable

# Use "bottom-only" landing style for stacks
stack-pr config land.style=bottom-only

The config command modifies the config file (the .stack-pr.cfg file in the repo root by default, or the path specified by STACKPR_CONFIG environment variable). If the file doesn't exist, it will be created. If a setting already exists, it will be updated.

Config files

Default values for command line options can be specified via a config file. Path to the config file can be specified via STACKPR_CONFIG envvar, and by default it's assumed to be .stack-pr.cfg in the current folder.

An example of a config file:

[common]
verbose=True
hyperlinks=True
draft=False
keep_body=False
stash=False
show_tips=True
[repo]
remote=origin
target=main
reviewer=GithubHandle1,GithubHandle2
branch_name_template=$USERNAME/$BRANCH
[land]
style=bottom-only

Keywords

FAQs

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