sunspot_rails

= Sunspot::Rails

Sunspot::Rails is a Rails plugin that provides drop-in integration of the Sunspot[http://outoftime.github.com/sunspot] Solr search library with Rails. It provides the following features:

• Configure Sunspot using config/sunspot.yml
• Extend ActiveRecord for easy index configuration, search, and indexing
• Automatically index ActiveRecord objects when they are saved, and remove them from the index when they are destroyed (can be disabled)
• Automatically commit Solr changes at the end of each request (can be disabled)
• Provide utility methods to find and fix orphaned documents and rebuild the Solr index for a given class
• Provide rake tasks for starting and stopping the development Solr instance, using the configuration in sunspot.yml

Sunspot::Rails has been tested with Rails 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, and 4.0

== Installation in Rails 3

In your Gemfile:

gem 'sunspot_rails'

This is an optional packaged Solr:

group :test, :development do gem 'sunspot_solr' end

== Using Sunspot::Rails

If you wish to make modifications to the Solr schema, you can create a custom Solr home in your project directory. In order to do so, create the directory RAILS_ROOT/solr/conf, and copy in the contents of the Solr gem's solr/solr/conf directory. If the files are in the right place, Sunspot::Rails will detect them and tell Solr to use your local configurations. Use caution when modifying schema.xml - Sunspot relies on the field naming scheme in the packaged schema file.

To start up a Solr instance, issue the following (requires sunspot_solr to be installed):

rake sunspot:solr:start

Note that using the built-in Solr instance packaged with Sunspot is great for development, but is not recommended for production. See the Sunspot documentation for more information.

== Usage

=== Setup

In order for an ActiveRecord model to be indexable and searchable, it must be configured for search. For example:

class Post < ActiveRecord::Base searchable do text :title, :body integer :blog_id time :updated_at string :sort_title do title.downcase.sub(/^(an?|the) /, '') end end end

See the documentation for Sunspot.setup for full details on what can go in the configuration block.

=== Indexing

By default, models are indexed whenever they are saved, and removed from the index whenever they are destroyed. This behavior can be disabled:

class Post < ActiveRecord::Base searchable :auto_index => false, :auto_remove => false do # setup... end end

Note that using the :auto_remove option is not recommended , as destroying an object without removing it from the index will create an orphaned document in the index, which is a Bad Thing. Turning off :auto_index is perfectly safe if you prefer to manage indexing manually (perhaps using a background job).

If you have disabled lifecycle indexing hooks, you can invoke indexing operations directly on your model:

post = Post.create post.index post.remove_from_index

=== Committing

When data is changed in Solr, it is initially stored in memory and not made available to the currently running searcher instance. Issuing a +commit+ to Solr will cause it to write the changes to disk, and instantiate a new searcher instance. This operation is fairly expensive, so rather than issuing a commit every time a document is added or removed, Sunspot::Rails issues a commit at the end of any request where data has been added to or removed from Solr. If you need to immediately issue a commit, bang!-versions of the methods are available:

post = Post.create post.index!

this is the same as...

post.index Sunspot.commit

When writing tests outside of the context of a controller request, you will want to use one of these two approaches.

=== Searching

Do it like this:

Post.search do with :blog_id, 1 with(:updated_at).greater_than(Time.now - 2.weeks) order_by :sort_title, :asc paginate :page => 1, :per_page => 15 end

See the documentation for Sunspot.search for all the options available in the search block, and the information available in the result block.

=== Searching for IDs

In some situations, you may want to get the IDs for models returned by a search without actually loading the models out of the database. For that, you can call +search_ids+, using the same block format as #search. This will return an array of IDs.

=== Searching for multiple types

Sunspot is entirely agnostic about whether searches are for one or more types; the only restriction is that columns used for restriction, ordering, etc. are defined in the same way for all types being searched. Sunspot::Rails does not provide any additional support for this, since there is not anything useful to be added, so just use the interface provided by Sunspot:

Sunspot.search(Post, Comment) do with :blog_id, 1 order_by :created_at, :asc end

Be sure to check out the Sunspot documentation for all the details.

=== Adding search functionality in mixins

Sunspot does not require that search setup for a given class happen all in one place; it is perfectly acceptable to call the Sunspot.setup method more than once. This capability is particularly useful for adding search functionality in mixins. For instance, if you have a +Ratable+ module, you may wish to add additional search fields for searchable classes that mix in that module. For example:

module Ratable def self.included(base) if base.searchable? base.searchable do float :average_rating do ratings.average(:value) end end end end end

Note the use of base.searchable? - this ensures that only classes that already have search enabled will have the additional configuration added. The above pattern requires that the class be declared searchable before the module is mixed in; other patterns (such as passing a :searchable option to an acts_as_-style declaration) may be more flexible.

=== Utility methods

If you need to completely reindex all of the instances of a given model class, you can issue:

Post.reindex

If for some reason models get deleted from the database, but not from the index, they will become index orphans - not a good situation. To get IDs that exist in the index but not the database, you can use the +index_orphans+ method; to remove those documents from the index, use +clean_index_orphans+. Note that neither of these operations should be needed if Sunspot and Sunspot::Rails are used as intended.

=== Configuration

==== ActiveRecord index hooks

By default, sunspot_rails uses after_save and after_destroy hooks to automatically index or remove ActiveRecord models. When you're using any sort of asynchronous indexing like sunspot_index_queue or sunspot-queue you may want these to be after_commit hooks or you may have timing issues.

To do this, add the following to your sunspot.yml for each environment:

production:
  # ...
  auto_index_callback: after_commit
  auto_remove_callback: after_commit

Note that if you set these to after_commit in the test environment you may need https://github.com/grosser/test_after_commit if you use transactionnal_fixtures = true.

== Testing Solr integration using RSpec

To disable the sunspot-solr integration for your active record models, require the file sunspot/rails/spec_helper

Then, in your spec, use the #disconnect_sunspot method:

require 'sunspot/rails/spec_helper'

describe Post do disconnect_sunspot

it 'should have some behavior' do
  # ...
end

end

In all of the examples in this group, all Sunspot calls will be stubbed out. The Sunspot#search method will return a stub search object that mimics a search with no results.

== Further Reading

Reading the {Sunspot documentation}[http://outoftime.github.com/sunspot/docs] is highly recommended. Sunspot::Rails exists to wrap Sunspot with a Rails-friendly API, but almost all of the functionality you use in Sunspot::Rails is implemented in Sunspot.

Posts about Sunspot on my blog are available at http://outofti.me/tagged/sunspot

== Bugs

Please submit bug reports to https://github.com/sunspot/sunspot/issues

== Contributors

• Mat Brown ([e-mail])
• Peer Allan ([e-mail])
• Michael Moen ([e-mail])
• Benjamin Krause ([e-mail])
• Adam Salter ([e-mail])
• Brandon Keepers ([e-mail])
• Paul Canavese ([e-mail])
• John Eberly ([e-mail])
• Gert Thiel ([e-mail])

== License

Sunspot::Rails is distributed under the MIT License, copyright (c) 2013 Mat Brown