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@polkadot-api/substrate-client
Advanced tools
This TypeScript package provides low-level bindings to the [Substrate JSON-RPC Interface](https://paritytech.github.io/json-rpc-interface-spec/introduction.html), enabling interaction with Substrate-based blockchains.
This TypeScript package provides low-level bindings to the Substrate JSON-RPC Interface, enabling interaction with Substrate-based blockchains.
Start by creating a SubstrateClient
object with the exported function createClient
. To create one, you need a ConnectProvider
provider defined in @polkadot-api/json-rpc-provider for establishing a connection to a specific blockchain client.
For instance, you can use @polkadot-api/sc-provider to get a substrate-connect provider for connecting to the Polkadot relay chain through a light client:
import { getScProvider, WellKnownChain } from "@polkadot-api/sc-provider"
import { createClient } from "@polkadot-api/substrate-client"
const scProvider = getScProvider()
const { relayChain } = scProvider(WellKnownChain.polkadot)
const client = createClient(relayChain)
Invoke any method defined in the JSON-RPC Spec using client.request(method, params, abortSignal?)
. This returns a promise resolving with the response from the JSON-RPC server.
const genesisHash = await client.request("chainSpec_v1_genesisHash", [])
All promise-returning functions exported by this package accept an AbortSignal for operation cancellation.
Operations within the chainHead
group of functions involve subscriptions and interdependencies between methods. The client has a function that simplifies the interaction with these group.
Calling client.chainHead(withRuntime, onFollowEvent, onFollowError)
will start a chainHead_unstable_follow
subscription, and will return a handle to perform operations with the chainHead.
const chainHead = client.chainHead(
true,
(event) => {
// ...
},
(error) => {
// ...
},
)
The handle provides one method per each of the functions defined inside chainHead
: chainHead_unstable_body
, chainHead_unstable_call
, chainHead_unstable_header
, chainHead_unstable_storage
, and chainHead_unstable_unpin
.
The JSON-RPC Spec for chainHead specifies that these functions return an operationId
, and that the resolved response for the call will come through the chainHead_unstable_follow
subscription, linking it through this operationId
.
substrate-client
's chainHead is an abstraction over this: The events emitted through the client.chainHead()
callback are only the ones initiated from the JSON-RPC Server. The promise returned by any of the chainHead
's handle functions will resolve with the respective event.
const chainHead = client.chainHead(
true,
async (event) => {
if (event.type === "newBlock") {
const body = await chainHead.body(event.blockHash)
// body is a string[] containing the SCALE-encoded values within the body
processBody(body)
chainHead.unpin([event.blockHash])
}
},
(error) => {
// ...
},
)
Calls chainHead_unstable_call
and returns a promise that resolves with the SCALE-encoded header of the block
const header = await chainHead.header(blockHash)
Calls chainHead_unstable_body
and returns a promise that will resolve with an array of strings containing the SCALE-encoded extrinsics found in the block
const body = await chainHead.body(blockHash)
Calls chainHead_unstable_header
and returns a promise that resolves with the encoded output of the runtime function call
const result = await chainHead.call(blockHash, fnName, callParameters)
Calls chainHead_unstable_storage
and returns a promise that resolves with the value returned by the JSON-RPC server, which depends on the type
parameter. See the JSON-RPC spec for chainHead_unstable_storage for the details on the usage.
// string with the SCALE-encoded value
const value = await chainHead.storage(blockHash, "value", key, childTrie)
// string with the hash value
const hash = await chainHead.storage(blockHash, "hash", key, childTrie)
// string with the merkle value
const items = await chainHead.storage(
blockHash,
"closestDescendantMerkleValue",
key,
childTrie,
)
// array of key-value pairs
const items = await chainHead.storage(
blockHash,
"descendantsValues",
key,
childTrie,
)
// array of key-hash pairs
const hashes = await chainHead.storage(
blockHash,
"descendantsHashes",
key,
childTrie,
)
While storage
only can resolve for one specific item, the JSON-RPC specification allows to resolve multiple items within the same call. For this case, substrate-client also offers a lower-level version called chainHead.storageSubscription(hash, inputs, childTrie, onItems, onError, onDone, onDiscardedItems)
that emits the storage items as they get resolved by the JSON-RPC server:
const abort = chainHead.storageSubscription(
hash,
[
{ key, type },
/* ... each item */
],
null,
(items) => {
// items is an array of { key, value?, hash?, closestDescendantMerkleValue? }
},
onError,
onDone,
(nDiscardedItems) => {
// amount of discarded items, as defined by the JSON-RPC spec.
},
)
storageSubscription
returns a function to cancel the operation.
Calls chainHead_unstable_unpin
and returns a promise that will resolve after the operation is done.
chainHead.unpin(blockHashes)
To close the chainHead subscription, call chainHead.unfollow()
.
transaction
group of functions also deals with subscriptions through submitAndWatch
. SubstrateClient also abstracts over this:
const cancelRequest = client.transaction(
transaction, // SCALE-encoded transaction
(event) => {
// ...
},
(error) => {
// ...
},
)
// call `cancelRequest()` to abort the transaction (`transaction_unstable_stop`)
The event
emitted through the callback are fully typed, and can be discriminated through event.type
switch (event.type) {
case "validated":
break
case "broadcasted":
const { numPeers } = event
break
case "bestChainBlockIncluded":
case "finalized":
const { block } = event
break
case "dropped":
case "error":
case "invalid":
const { error } = event
break
}
Call client.destroy()
to disconnect from the provider.
FAQs
This TypeScript package provides low-level bindings to the [Substrate JSON-RPC Interface](https://paritytech.github.io/json-rpc-interface-spec/introduction.html), enabling interaction with Substrate-based blockchains.
The npm package @polkadot-api/substrate-client receives a total of 41,902 weekly downloads. As such, @polkadot-api/substrate-client popularity was classified as popular.
We found that @polkadot-api/substrate-client demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 2 open source maintainers collaborating on the project.
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