@rollup/plugin-babel

What is @rollup/plugin-babel?

The @rollup/plugin-babel package is a plugin that integrates Babel with Rollup, allowing developers to use Babel to transpile their JavaScript code as part of the Rollup bundling process. This integration enables the use of the latest JavaScript features while maintaining compatibility with older browsers and environments.

What are @rollup/plugin-babel's main functionalities?

Transpilation of ESNext to compatible JavaScript

This feature allows developers to write their code using the latest JavaScript syntax and features (ESNext), and then transpile it into a version of JavaScript that is compatible with older browsers or environments. The code sample demonstrates how to configure the @rollup/plugin-babel plugin in a Rollup configuration file.

import babel from '@rollup/plugin-babel';

export default {
  input: 'src/index.js',
  output: {
    file: 'bundle.js',
    format: 'cjs'
  },
  plugins: [
    babel({ babelHelpers: 'bundled' })
  ]
};

Integration with Babel presets and plugins

This feature allows for the use of Babel presets and plugins within the Rollup build process, enabling developers to further customize the transpilation process. The code sample shows how to include the '@babel/preset-env' preset and the '@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties' plugin in the Rollup configuration.

import babel from '@rollup/plugin-babel';

export default {
  input: 'src/index.js',
  output: {
    file: 'bundle.js',
    format: 'cjs'
  },
  plugins: [
    babel({
      babelHelpers: 'bundled',
      presets: ['@babel/preset-env'],
      plugins: ['@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties']
    })
  ]
};

Other packages similar to @rollup/plugin-babel

rollup-plugin-typescript2

Similar to @rollup/plugin-babel, rollup-plugin-typescript2 is a plugin that integrates TypeScript transpilation into the Rollup build process. While @rollup/plugin-babel focuses on transpiling JavaScript with Babel, rollup-plugin-typescript2 specifically targets TypeScript code, providing type checking and transpilation to JavaScript.

rollup-plugin-terser

While not a transpiler, rollup-plugin-terser complements @rollup/plugin-babel by minifying the JavaScript output. After transpiling the code with Babel, rollup-plugin-terser can be used to compress the bundle, reducing file size and improving load times. This package focuses on optimization rather than transpilation.

README

@rollup/plugin-babel

🍣 A Rollup plugin for seamless integration between Rollup and Babel.

Why?

If you're using Babel to transpile your ES6/7 code and Rollup to generate a standalone bundle, you have a couple of options:

• run the code through Babel first, being careful to exclude the module transformer, or
• run the code through Rollup first, and then pass it to Babel.

Both approaches have disadvantages – in the first case, on top of the additional configuration complexity, you may end up with Babel's helpers (like classCallCheck) repeated throughout your code (once for each module where the helpers are used). In the second case, transpiling is likely to be slower, because transpiling a large bundle is much more work for Babel than transpiling a set of small files.

Either way, you have to worry about a place to put the intermediate files, and getting sourcemaps to behave becomes a royal pain.

Using Rollup with @rollup/plugin-babel makes the process far easier.

Requirements

This plugin requires an LTS Node version (v14.0.0+) and Rollup v1.20.0+.

Install

npm install @rollup/plugin-babel --save-dev

Usage

Create a rollup.config.js configuration file and import the plugin:

import { babel } from '@rollup/plugin-babel';

const config = {
  input: 'src/index.js',
  output: {
    dir: 'output',
    format: 'es'
  },
  plugins: [babel({ babelHelpers: 'bundled' })]
};

export default config;

Then call rollup either via the CLI or the API.

Using With @rollup/plugin-commonjs

When using @rollup/plugin-babel with @rollup/plugin-commonjs in the same Rollup configuration, it's important to note that @rollup/plugin-commonjs must be placed before this plugin in the plugins array for the two to work together properly. e.g.

import { babel } from '@rollup/plugin-babel';
import commonjs from '@rollup/plugin-commonjs';

const config = {
  ...
  plugins: [
    commonjs(),
    babel({ babelHelpers: 'bundled' })
  ],
};

Options

This plugin respects Babel configuration files by default and they are generally the best place to put your configuration.

You can also run Babel on the generated chunks instead of the input files. Even though this is slower, it is the only way to transpile Rollup's auto-generated wrapper code to lower compatibility targets than ES5, see Running Babel on the generated code for details.

All options are as per the Babel documentation, plus the following:

exclude

Type: String | RegExp | Array[...String|RegExp]

A picomatch pattern, or array of patterns, which specifies the files in the build the plugin should ignore. When relying on Babel configuration files you can only exclude additional files with this option, you cannot override what you have configured for Babel itself.

include

Type: String | RegExp | Array[...String|RegExp]

A picomatch pattern, or array of patterns, which specifies the files in the build the plugin should operate on. When relying on Babel configuration files you cannot include files already excluded there.

filter

Type: (id: string) => boolean

Custom filter function can be used to determine whether or not certain modules should be operated upon.

Usage:

import { createFilter } from '@rollup/pluginutils';
const include = 'include/**.js';
const exclude = 'exclude/**.js';
const filter = createFilter(include, exclude, {});

extensions

Type: Array[...String]
Default: ['.js', '.jsx', '.es6', '.es', '.mjs']

An array of file extensions that Babel should transpile. If you want to transpile TypeScript files with this plugin it's essential to include .ts and .tsx in this option.

babelHelpers

Type: 'bundled' | 'runtime' | 'inline' | 'external'
Default: 'bundled'

It is recommended to configure this option explicitly (even if with its default value) so an informed decision is taken on how those babel helpers are inserted into the code.

We recommend to follow these guidelines to determine the most appropriate value for your project:

• 'runtime' - you should use this especially when building libraries with Rollup. It has to be used in combination with @babel/plugin-transform-runtime and you should also specify @babel/runtime as dependency of your package. Don't forget to tell Rollup to treat the helpers imported from within the @babel/runtime module as external dependencies when bundling for cjs & es formats. This can be accomplished via regex (external: [/@babel\/runtime/]) or a function (external: id => id.includes('@babel/runtime')). It's important to not only specify external: ['@babel/runtime'] since the helpers are imported from nested paths (e.g @babel/runtime/helpers/get) and Rollup will only exclude modules that match strings exactly.
• 'bundled' - you should use this if you want your resulting bundle to contain those helpers (at most one copy of each). Useful especially if you bundle an application code.
• 'external' - use this only if you know what you are doing. It will reference helpers on global babelHelpers object. Used in combination with @babel/plugin-external-helpers.
• 'inline' - this is not recommended. Helpers will be inserted in each file using this option. This can cause serious code duplication. This is the default Babel behavior as Babel operates on isolated files - however, as Rollup is a bundler and is project-aware (and therefore likely operating across multiple input files), the default of this plugin is "bundled".

skipPreflightCheck

Type: Boolean
Default: false

Before transpiling your input files this plugin also transpile a short piece of code for each input file. This is used to validate some misconfiguration errors, but for sufficiently big projects it can slow your build times so if you are confident about your configuration then you might disable those checks with this option.

External dependencies

Ideally, you should only be transforming your source code, rather than running all of your external dependencies through Babel (to ignore external dependencies from being handled by this plugin you might use exclude: 'node_modules/**' option). If you have a dependency that exposes untranspiled ES6 source code that doesn't run in your target environment, then you may need to break this rule, but it often causes problems with unusual .babelrc files or mismatched versions of Babel.

We encourage library authors not to distribute code that uses untranspiled ES6 features (other than modules) for this reason. Consumers of your library should not have to transpile your ES6 code, any more than they should have to transpile your CoffeeScript, ClojureScript or TypeScript.

Use babelrc: false to prevent Babel from using local (i.e. to your external dependencies) .babelrc files, relying instead on the configuration you pass in.

Helpers

In some cases Babel uses helpers to avoid repeating chunks of code – for example, if you use the class keyword, it will use a classCallCheck function to ensure that the class is instantiated correctly.

By default, those helpers will be inserted at the top of the file being transformed, which can lead to duplication. This rollup plugin automatically deduplicates those helpers, keeping only one copy of each one used in the output bundle. Rollup will combine the helpers in a single block at the top of your bundle.

You can customize how those helpers are being inserted into the transformed file with babelHelpers option.

Modules

This is not needed since Babel 7 - it knows automatically that Rollup understands ES modules & that it shouldn't use any module transform with it. Unless you forcefully include a module transform in your Babel configuration.

If you have been pointed to this section by an error thrown by this plugin, please check your Babel configuration files and disable any module transforms when running Rollup builds.

Running Babel on the generated code

You can run @rollup/plugin-babel on the output files instead of the input files by using getBabelOutputPlugin(...). This can be used to perform code transformations on the resulting chunks and is the only way to transform Rollup's auto-generated code. By default, the plugin will be applied to all outputs:

// rollup.config.js
import { getBabelOutputPlugin } from '@rollup/plugin-babel';

export default {
  input: 'main.js',
  plugins: [
    getBabelOutputPlugin({
      presets: ['@babel/preset-env']
    })
  ],
  output: [
    { file: 'bundle.cjs.js', format: 'cjs' },
    { file: 'bundle.es.js', format: 'es' }
  ]
};

If you only want to apply it to specific outputs, you can use it as an output plugin (requires at least Rollup v1.27.0):

// rollup.config.js
import { getBabelOutputPlugin } from '@rollup/plugin-babel';

export default {
  input: 'main.js',
  output: [
    { file: 'bundle.js', format: 'es' },
    {
      file: 'bundle.es5.js',
      format: 'es',
      plugins: [getBabelOutputPlugin({ presets: ['@babel/preset-env'] })]
    }
  ]
};

The include, exclude and extensions options are ignored when using getBabelOutputPlugin and createBabelOutputPluginFactory will produce warnings, and there are a few more points to note that users should be aware of.

You can also run the plugin twice on the code, once when processing the input files to transpile special syntax to JavaScript and once on the output to transpile to a lower compatibility target:

// rollup.config.js
import babel, { getBabelOutputPlugin } from '@rollup/plugin-babel';

export default {
  input: 'main.js',
  plugins: [babel({ presets: ['@babel/preset-react'] })],
  output: [
    {
      file: 'bundle.js',
      format: 'es',
      plugins: [getBabelOutputPlugin({ presets: ['@babel/preset-env'] })]
    }
  ]
};

Babel configuration files

Unlike the regular babel plugin, getBabelOutputPlugin(...) will not automatically search for Babel configuration files. Besides passing in Babel options directly, however, you can specify a configuration file manually via Babel's configFile option:

getBabelOutputPlugin({
  configFile: path.resolve(__dirname, 'babel.config.js')
});

Using formats other than ES modules or CommonJS

As getBabelOutputPlugin(...) will run after Rollup has done all its transformations, it needs to make sure it preserves the semantics of Rollup's output format. This is especially important for Babel plugins that add, modify or remove imports or exports, but also for other transformations that add new variables as they can accidentally become global variables depending on the format. Therefore it is recommended that for formats other than es or cjs, you set Rollup to use the es output format and let Babel handle the transformation to another format, e.g. via

presets: [['@babel/preset-env', { modules: 'umd' }], ...]

to create a UMD/IIFE compatible output. If you want to use getBabelOutputPlugin(...) with other formats, you need to specify allowAllFormats: true as plugin option:

rollup.rollup({...})
.then(bundle => bundle.generate({
  format: 'iife',
  plugins: [getBabelOutputPlugin({
    allowAllFormats: true,
    // ...
  })]
}))

Injected helpers

By default, helpers e.g. when transpiling classes will be inserted at the top of each chunk. In contrast to when applying this plugin on the input files, helpers will not be deduplicated across chunks.

Alternatively, you can use imported runtime helpers by adding the @babel/transform-runtime plugin. This will make @babel/runtime an external dependency of your project, see @babel/plugin-transform-runtime for details.

Note that this will only work for es and cjs formats, and you need to make sure to set the useESModules option of @babel/plugin-transform-runtime to true if you create ES output:

rollup.rollup({...})
.then(bundle => bundle.generate({
  format: 'es',
  plugins: [getBabelOutputPlugin({
    presets: ['@babel/preset-env'],
    plugins: [['@babel/plugin-transform-runtime', { useESModules: true }]]
  })]
}))

// input
export default class Foo {}

// output
import _classCallCheck from '@babel/runtime/helpers/esm/classCallCheck';

var Foo = function Foo() {
  _classCallCheck(this, Foo);
};

export default Foo;

And for CommonJS:

rollup.rollup({...})
.then(bundle => bundle.generate({
  format: 'cjs',
  plugins: [getBabelOutputPlugin({
    presets: ['@babel/preset-env'],
    plugins: [['@babel/plugin-transform-runtime', { useESModules: false }]]
  })]
}))

// input
export default class Foo {}

// output
('use strict');

var _classCallCheck = require('@babel/runtime/helpers/classCallCheck');

var Foo = function Foo() {
  _classCallCheck(this, Foo);
};

module.exports = Foo;

Another option is to use @babel/plugin-external-helpers, which will reference the global babelHelpers object. It is your responsibility to make sure this global variable exists.

Custom plugin builder

@rollup/plugin-babel exposes a plugin-builder utility that allows users to add custom handling of Babel's configuration for each file that it processes.

createBabelInputPluginFactory accepts a callback that will be called with the loader's instance of babel so that tooling can ensure that it using exactly the same @babel/core instance as the loader itself.

It's main purpose is to allow other tools for configuration of transpilation without forcing people to add extra configuration but still allow for using their own babelrc / babel config files.

Example

import { createBabelInputPluginFactory } from '@rollup/plugin-babel';

export default createBabelInputPluginFactory((babelCore) => {
  function myPlugin() {
    return {
      visitor: {}
    };
  }

  return {
    // Passed the plugin options.
    options({ opt1, opt2, ...pluginOptions }) {
      return {
        // Pull out any custom options that the plugin might have.
        customOptions: { opt1, opt2 },

        // Pass the options back with the two custom options removed.
        pluginOptions
      };
    },

    config(cfg /* Passed Babel's 'PartialConfig' object. */, { code, customOptions }) {
      if (cfg.hasFilesystemConfig()) {
        // Use the normal config
        return cfg.options;
      }

      return {
        ...cfg.options,
        plugins: [
          ...(cfg.options.plugins || []),

          // Include a custom plugin in the options.
          myPlugin
        ]
      };
    },

    result(result, { code, customOptions, config, transformOptions }) {
      return {
        ...result,
        code: result.code + '\n// Generated by some custom plugin'
      };
    }
  };
});

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CONTRIBUTING

LICENSE (MIT)