@slack/bolt

What is @slack/bolt?

@slack/bolt is a framework for building Slack apps using JavaScript. It simplifies the process of creating Slack apps by providing a set of tools and abstractions to handle common tasks such as event handling, command processing, and interactive components.

What are @slack/bolt's main functionalities?

Event Handling

This feature allows you to handle various Slack events such as messages, reactions, and more. The code sample demonstrates how to respond to a message event by sending a greeting.

const { App } = require('@slack/bolt');

const app = new App({
  token: 'xoxb-your-token',
  signingSecret: 'your-signing-secret'
});

app.event('message', async ({ event, say }) => {
  await say(`Hello, <@${event.user}>!`);
});

(async () => {
  await app.start(3000);
  console.log('⚡️ Bolt app is running!');
})();

Slash Commands

This feature allows you to create and handle custom slash commands in Slack. The code sample shows how to respond to a custom slash command `/hello` by sending a greeting.

const { App } = require('@slack/bolt');

const app = new App({
  token: 'xoxb-your-token',
  signingSecret: 'your-signing-secret'
});

app.command('/hello', async ({ command, ack, say }) => {
  await ack();
  await say(`Hello, <@${command.user_id}>!`);
});

(async () => {
  await app.start(3000);
  console.log('⚡️ Bolt app is running!');
})();

Interactive Components

This feature allows you to handle interactions with Slack's interactive components like buttons, select menus, and more. The code sample demonstrates how to respond to a button click interaction.

const { App } = require('@slack/bolt');

const app = new App({
  token: 'xoxb-your-token',
  signingSecret: 'your-signing-secret'
});

app.action('button_click', async ({ body, ack, say }) => {
  await ack();
  await say(`<@${body.user.id}> clicked the button!`);
});

(async () => {
  await app.start(3000);
  console.log('⚡️ Bolt app is running!');
})();

Other packages similar to @slack/bolt

slack-node

slack-node is a simple wrapper for the Slack API. It provides basic methods to interact with Slack's Web API but lacks the higher-level abstractions and event handling capabilities of @slack/bolt.

slack-client

slack-client is another package for interacting with Slack's Web API and Real-Time Messaging (RTM) API. It offers more flexibility and lower-level access compared to @slack/bolt, but requires more boilerplate code for common tasks.

slackbots

slackbots is a library for creating Slack bots with the RTM API. It provides a straightforward way to create bots and handle messages, but does not offer the same level of integration with interactive components and slash commands as @slack/bolt.

README

Bolt for JavaScript

A JavaScript framework to build Slack apps in a flash with the latest platform features. Read the getting started guide to set-up and run your first Bolt app.

Read the documentation to explore the basic and advanced concepts of Bolt for JavaScript.

Setup

npm install @slack/bolt

Initialization

Create an app by calling the constructor, which is a top-level export.

const { App } = require('@slack/bolt');

const app = new App({
  signingSecret: process.env.SLACK_SIGNING_SECRET,
  token: process.env.SLACK_BOT_TOKEN,
});

/* Add functionality here */

(async () => {
  // Start the app
  await app.start(process.env.PORT || 3000);

  console.log('⚡️ Bolt app is running!');
})();

Listening for events

The Slack Request URL for a Bolt app must have the path set to /slack/events.
For example: https://my-slack-app.example.com/slack/events.
Otherwise, all incoming requests from Slack won't be handled.

Apps typically react to a collection of incoming events, which can correspond Events API events, actions, shortcuts, slash commands or options requests. For each type of request, there's a method to build a listener function.

// Listen for an action from a Block Kit element (buttons, select menus, date pickers, etc)
app.action(actionId, fn);

// Listen for dialog submissions
app.action({ callback_id: callbackId }, fn);

// Listen for slash commands
app.command(commandName, fn);

// Listen for an event from the Events API
app.event(eventType, fn);

// Listen for a custom step execution from a workflow
app.function(callbackId, fn)

// Convenience method to listen to only `message` events using a string or RegExp
app.message([pattern ,] fn);

// Listen for options requests (from select menus with an external data source)
app.options(actionId, fn);

// Listen for a global or message shortcuts
app.shortcut(callbackId, fn);

// Listen for view_submission modal events
app.view(callbackId, fn);

Making things happen

Most of the app's functionality will be inside listener functions (the fn parameters above). These functions are called with a set of arguments.

Argument	Description
payload	Contents of the incoming event. The payload structure depends on the listener. For example, for an Events API event, payload will be the event type structure. For a block action, it will be the action from within the actions array. The payload object is also accessible via the alias corresponding to the listener (message, event, action, shortcut, view, command, or options). For example, if you were building a message() listener, you could use the payload and message arguments interchangeably. An easy way to understand what's in a payload is to log it, or use TypeScript.
say	Function to send a message to the channel associated with the incoming event. This argument is only available when the listener is triggered for events that contain a channel_id (the most common being message events). say accepts simple strings (for plain-text messages) and objects (for messages containing blocks). say returns a promise that will resolve with a chat.postMessage response.
ack	Function that must be called to acknowledge that an incoming event was received by your app. ack exists for all actions, shortcuts, view, slash command and options requests. ack returns a promise that resolves when complete. Read more in Acknowledging events
client	Web API client that uses the token associated with that event. For single-workspace installations, the token is provided to the constructor. For multi-workspace installations, the token is returned by the authorize function.
respond	Function that responds to an incoming event if it contains a response_url (actions, shortcuts, view submissions, and slash commands). respond returns a promise that resolves with the results of responding using the response_url.
context	Event context. This object contains data about the event and the app, such as the botId. Middleware can add additional context before the event is passed to listeners.
body	Object that contains the entire body of the request (superset of payload). Some accessory data is only available outside of the payload (such as trigger_id and authorizations).
complete	Function used to signal the successful completion of a custom step execution. This tells Slack to proceed with the next steps in the workflow. This argument is only available with the .function and .action listener when handling custom workflow step executions.
fail	Function used to signal that a custom step failed to complete. This tells Slack to stop the workflow execution. This argument is only available with the .function and .action listener when handling custom workflow step executions.

The arguments are grouped into properties of one object, so that it's easier to pick just the ones your listener needs (using object destructuring). Here is an example where the app sends a simple response, so there's no need for most of these arguments:

// Reverse all messages the app can hear
app.message(async ({ message, say }) => {
  // Filter out message events with subtypes (see https://api.slack.com/events/message)
  if (message.subtype === undefined || message.subtype === 'bot_message') {
    const reversedText = [...message.text].reverse().join("");
    await say(reversedText);
  }
});

Calling the Web API

In addition to the client property passed to listeners, each app has a top-level client that can be used to call methods. Unlike the client passed to listeners, the top-level client must be passed a token. Read the documentation for more details.

Acknowledging events

Some types of events need to be acknowledged in order to ensure a consistent user experience inside the Slack client (web, mobile, and desktop apps). This includes all action, shortcut, view, command, and options requests. Listeners for these events need to call the ack() function, which is passed in as an argument.

In general, the Slack platform expects an acknowledgement within 3 seconds, so listeners should call this function as soon as possible.

Depending on the type of incoming event a listener is meant for, ack() should be called with a parameter:

• Block actions, global shortcuts, and message shortcuts: Call ack() with no parameters.

• View submissions: Call ack() with no parameters or with a response action.

• Options requests: Call ack() with an object containing the options for the user to see.

• Legacy message button clicks, menu selections, and slash commands: Either call ack() with no parameters, a string to to update the message with a simple message, or an object to replace it with a complex message. Replacing the message to remove the interactive elements is a best practice for any action that should only be performed once.

• Events API events do not need an ack() function since they are automatically acknowledged by your app.

Getting Help

The documentation has more information on basic and advanced concepts for Bolt for JavaScript.

If you otherwise get stuck, we're here to help. The following are the best ways to get assistance working through your issue:

• Issue Tracker for questions, bug reports, feature requests, and general discussion related to Bolt for JavaScript. Try searching for an existing issue before creating a new one.
• Email our developer support team: [e-mail]

Contributing

We welcome contributions from everyone! Please check out our Contributor's Guide for how to contribute in a helpful and collaborative way.