argser

Argser (argument-parser)

A miniscule arguments parser written in Typescript.

• Example
• Valued and Unvalued Options
• Aliased Options
• Repeatable Options
• Dashes
• Errors
• Commands
• Arguments

Example

#!/usr/bin/env ts-node-script
import argser from 'argser';
import help from './help'; // Exports raw help text.

const args = process.argv.slice(2);
const [command, commandArgs] = argser.command(args, 'zip', 'zap');
const [options, err] = argser(commandArgs, {
  help: false, // Equivalent to { value: false }
  foo: { value: true, alias: 'f' },
  bar: { value: parseInt, many: true, alias: 'b' },
});

if (options.help || err) {
  console.error(help);

  if (err) {
    console.error();
    console.error(`${err}`);
    process.exitCode = 1;
  }
} else {
  console.log('Command:', command);
  console.log('Options:', options);
}

Example outputs from the above script:

$ ./cli.ts --help
Usage:  ./cli.ts [command] [options]
        ./cli.ts --help

An example command line utility.

Options:
  -f, --foo <string>  A string valued option.
  -b, --bar <number>  A repeatable number valued option.
  --help              Display this help message.

Commands:
  zip   An example command.
  zap   A second example command.

$ ./cli.ts
Command: undefined
Options: { help: false, foo: undefined, bar: [], _: [] }

$ ./cli.ts zip --foo=beep -b 1 -b 2 boop
Command: zip
Options: { help: false, foo: 'beep', bar: [ 1, 2 ], _: [ 'boop' ] }

A runnable version of this example is included. You will need to install the ts-node package globally to run it. On Mac or Linux you can just invoke the ./examples/cli.ts script. On Windows, you will need to use the ts-node examples\cli.ts command.

Valued and Unvalued Options

An option can be valued or unvalued depending on the value definition.

If the value definition is true, then the captured string is used as the option value as-is. The value can be transformed if the value definition is a function. The raw string value will be passed to the function, and its return value will be used as the final option value.

If the value definition is false, then the option is a "flag" and its value will be true if the option is present, or false if the option is not present.

argser({
  help: { value: false }, // Unvalued (boolean)
  message: { value: true }, // Valued (string | undefined)
  parsed: { value: parseInt }, // Valued (number | undefined)
})

If the option definition object only includes a value key, then the definition can be shortened to just the value of the value key.

argser({
  help: false, // Unvalued (boolean)
  message: true, // Valued (string | undefined)
  parsed: parseInt, // Valued (number | undefined)
})

For valued options, the value can be part of a single option argument with an equal character separator (eg. --message=foo), or the value can be the next argument (eg. --message foo).

Aliased Options

An option can have a single alias using the alias definition. The option key will still be the name of the option, even if the alias is used in the arguments array.

argser({
  name: { alias: 'n' },
});

Repeatable Options

An option can be repeatable using the many definition. A repeatable option value will always be an array. If a repeatable option does not exist in the arguments array, then the option value will be an empty array.

argser({
  name: { many: true },
});

Dashes

Multi-character options must start with two dashes (eg. --name). If an argument is a single dash followed by multiple characters (eg. -abc), it will be interpreted as multiple single character options. Common examples of this behavior are the git -fdx and ls -al commands.

The following argument arrays are equivalent, containing three single character flags.

['-abc']
['-a', '-b', '-c']

For single dash arguments, only the last option can require a value. If any of the single character options before the last one require a value, an error will be returned. In the following example, the valued "c" option gets the value "foo", and the "a" and "b" options must be unvalued (flags).

['-abc=foo']
['-abc', 'foo']

Double Dash Argument

Argument parsing stops when a double dash (--) argument is encountered. Any arguments after a double dash will be added to the underscore (_) key of the options object.

['--option', '--', '--underscore', '--values'];

Errors

An error will be returned in the following cases.

• An unknown option is encountered.
• No value is present for an option which requires a value.

Errors are returned instead of thrown to allow the partially parsed options object to be returned with the error, and to remove the necessity of a try/catch block. Parsing stops when an error occurs, and any remaining arguments (including the error argument) will be added to the options underscore (_) array. The returned error will have arg and reason properties to support custom messaging.

Commands

The argser.command utility function extracts a command argument, returning a two value tuple: [command, commandArgs].

If the first argument looks like a command, then the command value will be that first argument, and commandArgs will be the arguments array with the first command argument removed.

If the first argument does not look like a command, then the command value will be undefined, and commandArgs will be all of the original arguments.

// Accept any first argument that doesn't start with a dash.
const [command, commandArgs] = argser.command();

// Only accepts one of the given values (zip or zap).
const [command, commandArgs] = argser.command('zip', 'zap');

Arguments

When passing in process.argv, make sure to remove the first two non-argument values. These arguments are the node executable and the running script.

argser(process.argv.slice(2), { ... });
argser.command(process.argv.slice(2), ...);

Alternatively, omit the arguments array, in which case the default arguments array is process.argv.slice(2).

argser({ ... });
argser.command(...);