cqrs-eventdenormalizer

Introduction

Node-cqrs-eventdenormalizer is a node.js module that implements the cqrs pattern. It can be very useful as eventdenormalizer component if you work with (d)ddd, cqrs, domain, host, etc.

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Installation
• Usage
  • Catch connect ad disconnect events
  • Define the event structure
  • Define the notification structure
  • Define the id generator function [optional]
    • you can define a synchronous function
    • or you can define an asynchronous function
  • Wire up events [optional]
    • you can define a synchronous function
    • or you can define an asynchronous function
  • Wire up notifications [optional]
    • you can define a synchronous function
    • or you can define an asynchronous function
  • Wire up event missing [optional]
    • you can define a synchronous function
  • Define default event extension [optional]
    • you can define a synchronous function
    • or you can define an asynchronous function
  • Initialization
  • Handling an event
    • or
  • Request denormalizer information
• Components definition
  • Collection
  • ViewBuilder
    • ViewBuilder for multiple viewmodels in a collection
  • EventExtender
    • for a collection (in a collection folder)
    • not for a collection
  • Replay events
    • streamed
    • if you want to clear the readModel before replaying...
• License

Installation

npm install cqrs-eventdenormalizer

Usage

var denormalizer = require('cqrs-eventdenormalizer')({
  // the path to the "working directory"
  // can be structured like
  // [set 1](https://github.com/adrai/node-cqrs-eventdenormalizer/tree/master/test/integration/fixture/set1) or
  // [set 2](https://github.com/adrai/node-cqrs-eventdenormalizer/tree/master/test/integration/fixture/set2)
  denormalizerPath: '/path/to/my/files',

  // optional, default is 'commandRejected'
  // will be used to catch AggregateDestroyedError from cqrs-domain
  commandRejectedEventName: 'rejectedCommand',

  // optional, default is 800
  // if using in scaled systems, this module tries to catch the concurrency issues and
  // retries to handle the event after a timeout between 0 and the defined value
  retryOnConcurrencyTimeout: 1000,

  // optional, default is in-memory
  // currently supports: mongodb, redis, tingodb, couchdb, azuretable, dynamodb and inmemory
  // hint: [viewmodel](https://github.com/adrai/node-viewmodel#connecting-to-any-repository-mongodb-in-the-example--modewrite)
  // hint settings like: [eventstore](https://github.com/adrai/node-eventstore#provide-implementation-for-storage)
  repository: {
    type: 'mongodb',
    host: 'localhost',                          // optional
    port: 27017,                                // optional
    dbName: 'readmodel',                        // optional
    timeout: 10000                              // optional
  // authSource: 'authedicationDatabase',        // optional
    // username: 'technicalDbUser',                // optional
    // password: 'secret'                          // optional
  // url: 'mongodb://user:pass@host:port/db?opts // optional
  },

  // optional, default is in-memory
  // currently supports: mongodb, redis, tingodb, dynamodb and inmemory
  // hint settings like: [eventstore](https://github.com/adrai/node-eventstore#provide-implementation-for-storage)
  revisionGuard: {
    queueTimeout: 1000,                         // optional, timeout for non-handled events in the internal in-memory queue
    queueTimeoutMaxLoops: 3,                    // optional, maximal loop count for non-handled event in the internal in-memory queue
    startRevisionNumber: 1,			// optional, if defined the denormaizer waits for an event with that revision to be used as first event

    type: 'redis',
    host: 'localhost',                          // optional
    port: 6379,                                 // optional
    db: 0,                                      // optional
    prefix: 'readmodel_revision',               // optional
    timeout: 10000                              // optional
    // password: 'secret'                          // optional
  },
  skipExtendEvent: false,						// optional
  skipOnEventMissing: false,					// optional
  skipOnEvent: false,							// optional
  skipOnNotification: false,					// optional
});

Catch connect ad disconnect events

// repository
denormalizer.repository.on('connect', function() {
  console.log('repository connected');
});

denormalizer.repository.on('disconnect', function() {
  console.log('repository disconnected');
});

// revisionGuardStore
denormalizer.revisionGuardStore.on('connect', function() {
  console.log('revisionGuardStore connected');
});

denormalizer.revisionGuardStore.on('disconnect', function() {
  console.log('revisionGuardStore disconnected');
});


// anything (repository or revisionGuardStore)
denormalizer.on('connect', function() {
  console.log('something connected');
});

denormalizer.on('disconnect', function() {
  console.log('something disconnected');
});

Define the event structure

The values describes the path to that property in the event message.

denormalizer.defineEvent({
  // optional, default is 'correlationId'
  // will use the command id as correlationId, so you can match it in the sender
  // will be used to copy the correlationId to the notification
  correlationId: 'correlationId',

  // optional, default is 'id'
  id: 'id',

  // optional, default is 'name'
  name: 'name',

  // optional, default is 'aggregate.id'
  aggregateId: 'aggregate.id',

  // optional
  context: 'context.name',

  // optional
  aggregate: 'aggregate.name',

  // optional, default is 'payload'
  payload: 'payload',

  // optional, default is 'revision'
  // will represent the aggregate revision, can be used in next command
  revision: 'revision',

  // optional
  version: 'version',

  // optional, if defined the values of the command will be copied to the event (can be used to transport information like userId, etc..)
  meta: 'meta'
});

Define the notification structure

The values describes the path to that property in the notification message.

denormalizer.defineNotification({
  // optional, default is 'correlationId'
  // will use the command id as correlationId, so you can match it in the sender
  // will be used to copy the correlationId from the event
  correlationId: 'correlationId',

  // optional, default is 'id'
  id: 'id',

  // optional, default is 'name'
  action: 'name',

  // optional, default is 'collection'
  collection: 'collection',

  // optional, default is 'payload'
  payload: 'payload',

  // optional, will be copied from event
  aggregateId: 'meta.aggregate.id',

  // optional, will be copied from event
  context: 'meta.context.name',

  // optional, will be copied from event
  aggregate: 'meta.aggregate.name',

  // optional, will be copied from event
  // will represent the aggregate revision, can be used in next command
  revision: 'meta.aggregate.revision',

  // optional, will be copied from event
  eventId: 'meta.event.id',

  // optional, will be copied from event
  event: 'meta.event.name',

  // optional, if defined the values of the event will be copied to the notification (can be used to transport information like userId, etc..)
  meta: 'meta'
});

Define the id generator function [optional]

you can define a synchronous function

denormalizer.idGenerator(function () {
  var id = require('uuid').v4().toString();
  return id;
});

or you can define an asynchronous function

denormalizer.idGenerator(function (callback) {
  setTimeout(function () {
    var id = require('uuid').v4().toString();
    callback(null, id);
  }, 50);
});

Wire up events [optional]

you can define a synchronous function

// pass events to bus
denormalizer.onEvent(function (evt) {
  bus.emit('event', evt);
});

or you can define an asynchronous function

// pass events to bus
denormalizer.onEvent(function (evt, callback) {
  bus.emit('event', evt, function ack () {
    callback();
  });
});

skip onEvent if provided

You can skip onEvent from being called, by adding the `skipOnEvent` option to the denormalizer. Checkout the usage section for more information.

Wire up notifications [optional]

you can define a synchronous function

// pass notifications to bus
denormalizer.onNotification(function (noti) {
  bus.emit('event', evt);
});

or you can define an asynchronous function

// pass notifications to bus
denormalizer.onNotification(function (noti, callback) {
  bus.emit('notification', noti, function ack () {
    callback();
  });
});

skip onNotification if provided

You can skip onNotification from being called, by addding the `skipOnNotification` option to the denormalizer. Checkout the usage section for more information.

Wire up event missing [optional]

you can define a synchronous function

denormalizer.onEventMissing(function (info, evt) {
  console.log(info);
  console.log(evt);
});

skip onEventMissing if provided

You can skip onEventMissing from being called, by adding the `skipOnEventMissing` option to the denormalizer. Checkout the usage section more information.

Define default event extension [optional]

you can define a synchronous function

denormalizer.defaultEventExtension(function (evt) {
  evt.receiver = [evt.meta.userId];
  return evt;
});

or you can define an asynchronous function

denormalizer.defaultEventExtension(function (evt, callback) {
  evt.receiver = [evt.meta.userId];
  callback(null, evt);
});

skip default event extensions

You can skip all event extenders and the default extensions from being executed by adding the option `skipExtendEvent` to the denormalizer. Checkout the usage section for more information.

Using custom structure loader function

The built-in structure loader can be replaced with one adapted to your needs. To do that, you need to include a loading method in the options object passed to the domain constructor.

// options will contain denormalizerPath as well as the as well as a definition object containing all the constructors of the denormalizer components  ( Collection, ViewBuilder etc. )
function structureLoader(options) {
	const collection = new options.definitions.Collection({
		name: 'col'
	});
	collection.addViewBuilder(new options.definitions.ViewBuilder({
		name: 'evt',
		aggregate: 'agg',
		context: 'ctx'              
	}, function() {}));
	return {
		collections: [
			collection
		]
	};
	// or more probably
	return myExternalLoader(options.denormalizerPath, options.definitions);
}

require('cqrs-eventdenormalizer')({
		denormalizerPath: '/path/to/my/files',
		structureLoader: structureLoader
});

Initialization

denormalizer.init(function (err, warnings) {
  // this callback is called when all is ready...
  // warnings: if no warnings warnings is null, else it's an array containing errors during require of files
});

// or

denormalizer.init(); // callback is optional

Handling an event

denormalizer.handle({
  id: 'b80ade36-dd05-4340-8a8b-846eea6e286f',
  correlationId: 'c80ada33-dd05-4340-8a8b-846eea6e151d',
  name: 'enteredNewPerson',
  aggregate: {
    id: '3b4d44b0-34fb-4ceb-b212-68fe7a7c2f70',
    name: 'person'
  },
  context: {
    name: 'hr'
  },
  payload: {
    firstname: 'Jack',
    lastname: 'Huston'
  },
  revision: 1,
  version: 0,
  meta: {
    userId: 'ccd65819-4da4-4df9-9f24-5b10bf89ef89'
  }
}); // callback is optional

or

denormalizer.handle({
  id: 'b80ade36-dd05-4340-8a8b-846eea6e286f',
  correlationId: 'c80ada33-dd05-4340-8a8b-846eea6e151d',
  name: 'enteredNewPerson',
  aggregate: {
    id: '3b4d44b0-34fb-4ceb-b212-68fe7a7c2f70',
    name: 'person'
  },
  context: {
    name: 'hr'
  },
  payload: {
    firstname: 'Jack',
    lastname: 'Huston'
  },
  revision: 1,
  version: 0,
  meta: {
    userId: 'ccd65819-4da4-4df9-9f24-5b10bf89ef89'
  }
}, function (errs, evt, notifications) {
  // this callback is called when event is handled successfully or unsuccessfully
  // errs can be of type:
  // - null
  // - Array of Errors
  //
  // evt: same as passed in 'onEvent' function
  //
  // notifications: Array of viewmodel changes
});

Request denormalizer information

After the initialization you can request the denormalizer information:

denorm.init(function (err) {
  denorm.getInfo();
  // ==>
  // {
  //   "collections": [
  //     {
  //       "name": "person",
  //       "viewBuilders": [
  //         {
  //           "name": "enteredNewPerson",
  //           "aggregate": "person",
  //           "context": "hr",
  //           "version": 2,
  //           "priority": 223
  //         },
  //         {
  //           "name": "registeredEMailAddress",
  //           "aggregate": "person",
  //           "context": "hr",
  //           "version": 2,
  //           "priority": 312
  //         }
  //       ],
  //       "eventExtenders": [
  //         {
  //           "name": "enteredNewPerson",
  //           "aggregate": "person",
  //           "context": "hr",
  //           "version": 2
  //         }
  //       ],
  //       "preEventExtenders": [
  //         {
  //           "name": "enteredNewPerson",
  //           "aggregate": "person",
  //           "context": "hr",
  //           "version": 2
  //         }
  //       ]
  //     },
  //     {
  //       "name": "personDetail",
  //       "viewBuilders": [
  //         {
  //           "name": "enteredNewPerson",
  //           "aggregate": "person",
  //           "context": "hr",
  //           "version": 2,
  //           "priority": 110
  //         },
  //         {
  //           "name": "registeredEMailAddress",
  //           "aggregate": "person",
  //           "context": "hr",
  //           "version": 2,
  //           "priority": Infinity
  //         }
  //       ],
  //       "eventExtenders": [],
  //       "preEventExtenders": []
  //     }
  //   ],
  //   "generalEventExtenders": [
  //     {
  //       "name": "",
  //       "aggregate": null,
  //       "context": null,
  //       "version": -1
  //     }
  //   ],
  //   "generalPreEventExtenders": []
  // }
});

Components definition

Collection

module.exports = require('cqrs-eventdenormalizer').defineCollection({
  // optional, default is folder name
  name: 'personDetail',

  // optional, default ''
  defaultPayload: 'payload',

  // optional, default false
  noReplay: false,

  // indexes: [ // for mongodb
  //   'profileId',
  //   // or:
  //   { profileId: 1 },
  //   // or:
  //   { index: { profileId: 1 }, options: {} },
  // ],

  // repositorySettings: { // optional
  //   mongodb: { // for mongo db
  //     indexes: [ // same as above
  //       'profileId',
  //       // or:
  //       { profileId: 1 },
  //       // or:
  //       { index: { profileId: 1 }, options: {} },
  //     ],
  //   },
  //   elasticsearch6: { // for elasticsearch 5.x and 6.x ( elasticsearch6 type / implementation / driver )
  //     refresh: 'wait_for', // refresh behaviour on index, default is true ( ie. force index refresh ) https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/docs-refresh.html
  //     waitForActiveShards: 2, // optional, defaults to 1 ( ie. wait only for primary ) https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-create-index.html#create-index-wait-for-active-shards
  //     index: { // optional applied on index create, https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/6.x/indices-create-index.html
  //       settings: { // will be merged with the default ones,
  //         number_of_shards: 3, // optional, otherwise taken from type settings, defaults to 1,
  //         number_of_replicas: 1, // optional otherwise taken from type settings, defaults to 0,
  //       },
  //       mappings: { // optiona will be merged with the default ones,
  //         properties: { // specific properties to not be handled by dynamic mapper
  //           title: {
  //             type: 'text',
  //           },
  //         },
  //       },
  //     },
  //   },
  // },
},

  // optionally, define some initialization data for new view models...
{
  emails: ['[e-mail]'],
  phoneNumbers: [],
});

If you need an information from an other collection while denormalizing an event, you can require such a collection and make some lookups. for example

col.findViewModels({ my: 'value' }, function (err, vms) {});

or

col.loadViewModel('id', function (err, vm) {});

or

col.loadViewModelIfExists('id', function (err, vm) {});

But be careful with this!

ViewBuilder

Each viewBuilder is dedicated to a specific event. It reacts on an event and denormalizes that event in an appropriate collection.

Viewbuilders are structured by collection (not by context).

module.exports = require('cqrs-eventdenormalizer').defineViewBuilder({
  // optional, default is file name without extension,
  // if name is '' it will handle all events that matches
  name: 'enteredNewPerson',

  // optional
  aggregate: 'person',

  // optional
  context: 'hr',

  // optional, default is 0
  version: 2,

  // optional, if not defined or not found it will generate a new viewmodel with new id
  id: 'aggregate.id',

  // optional, suppresses auto-creation of new view model if none matching the id can be found, default is true
  autoCreate: true,

  // optional, if not defined it will pass the whole event...
  payload: 'payload',

  // optional, default Infinity, all view-builders will be sorted by this value
  priority: 1
}, function (data, vm) { // instead of function you can define
                         // a string with default handling ('create', 'update', 'delete')
                         // or function that expects a callback (i.e. function (data, vm, callback) {})

  // if you have multiple concurrent events that targets the same vm, you can catch it like this:
  // during a replay the denormalization finishes and the retry does not happen
  if (vm.actionOnCommit === 'create') {
  	return this.retry(); // hint: do not use arrow function in this scope when using this.retry()
  	// or
  	//return this.retry(100); // retries to denormalize again in 0-100ms
  	// or
  	//return this.retry({ from: 500, to: 8000 }); // retries to denormalize again in 500-8000ms
  }

  vm.set('firstname', data.firstname);
  vm.set('lastname', data.lastname);
});

ViewBuilder for multiple viewmodels in a collection

Be careful with the query!

A lot of viewmodels can slow down the denormalization process!

module.exports = require('cqrs-eventdenormalizer').defineViewBuilder({
  // optional, default is file name without extension,
  // if name is '' it will handle all events that matches
  name: 'enteredNewPerson',

  // optional
  aggregate: 'person',

  // optional
  context: 'hr',

  // optional, default is 0
  version: 2,

  // optional, if not defined or not found it will generate a new viewmodel with new id
  query: { group: 'admins' },

  // optional, if not defined it will pass the whole event...
  payload: 'payload',

  // optional, default Infinity, all view-builders will be sorted by this value
  priority: 1
}, function (data, vm) { // instead of function you can define
                         // a string with default handling ('create', 'update', 'delete')
                         // or function that expects a callback (i.e. function (data, vm, callback) {})handling ('create', 'update', 'delete')
  vm.set('firstname', data.firstname);
  vm.set('lastname', data.lastname);
  //this.remindMe({ that: 'important value' });
  //this.retry();
});
// optional define a function to that returns an id that will be used as viewmodel id when id not specified in options or found
//.useAsId(function (evt) {
//  return 'newId';
//});
// or
//.useAsId(function (evt, callback) {
//  callback(null, 'newId');
//});	
// optional define a function that returns a query that will be used as query to find the viewmodels (but do not define the query in the options)
//.useAsQuery(function (evt) {
//  return { my: evt.payload.my };
//});
// or async
//.useAsQuery(function (evt, callback) {
//  callback(null, { my: evt.payload.my });
//});
// optional define a function that returns a list of items, for each the viewbuilder will run.
//.executeForEach(function (evt) {
//  return [{ init: 'value1' }, { init: 'value2' }];
//});
// or async
//.executeForEach(function (evt, callback) {
//  callback(null, [{ init: 'value1' }, { init: 'value2' }]);
//});
//
// optional define a function that checks if an event should be handled ( before vm is loaded )
//.defineShouldHandleEvent(function (evt) {
//  return true;
//});
// or
//.defineShouldHandleEvent(function (evt, callback) {
//  callback(null, true');
//});
//
// optional define a function that checks if an event should be handled ( after vm is loaded )
//.defineShouldHandle(function (evt, vm) {
//  return true;
//});
// or
//.defineShouldHandle(function (evt, vm, callback) {
//  callback(null, true');
//});
//
// optional define a function that checks if an event should be handled
//.onAfterCommit(function (evt, vm) {
//  //var memories = this.getReminder();
//  //console.log(memories.that); // 'important value'
//  //doSomethingStrange()
//});
// or
//.onAfterCommit(function (evt, vm, callback) {
//  var memories = this.getReminder();
//  //console.log(memories.that); // 'important value'
//  // doSomethingStrange(callback)
//  callback(memories.that === 'important value' ? null : new Error('important value not set'));
//});

EventExtender

for a collection (in a collection folder)

module.exports = require('cqrs-eventdenormalizer').defineEventExtender({

// module.exports = require('cqrs-eventdenormalizer').definePreEventExtender({ // same api as normal EventExtenders but executed before viewBuilder so the extended event can be used // optional, default is file name without extension, // if name is '' it will handle all events that matches name: 'enteredNewPerson',

  // optional
  aggregate: 'person',

  // optional
  context: 'hr',

  // optional, default is 0
  // if set to -1, it will ignore the version
  version: 2//,

  // optional, if not defined it will pass the whole event...
  // payload: 'payload'
}, function (evt, col, callback) {
  // col.loadViewModel()... or from somewhere else... (col.findViewModels( /* see https://github.com/adrai/node-viewmodel#find */ ))
  evt.extended = true;
  callback(null, evt);
});

// or

module.exports = require('cqrs-eventdenormalizer').defineEventExtender({
  // optional, default is file name without extension,
  // if name is '' it will handle all events that matches
  name: 'enteredNewPerson',

  // optional
  aggregate: 'person',

  // optional
  context: 'hr',

  // optional, default is 0
  // if set to -1, it will ignore the version
  version: 2,

  // if defined it will load the viewmodel
  id: 'payload.id'//,

  // optional, if not defined it will pass the whole event...
  // payload: 'payload'
},
function (evt, vm) {
  evt.extended = vm.get('myValue');
  return evt;
});

// or

module.exports = require('cqrs-eventdenormalizer').defineEventExtender({
  // optional, default is file name without extension,
  // if name is '' it will handle all events that matches
  name: 'enteredNewPerson',

  // optional
  aggregate: 'person',

  // optional
  context: 'hr',

  // optional, default is 0
  // if set to -1, it will ignore the version
  version: 2,

  // if defined it will load the viewmodel
  id: 'payload.id'//,

  // optional, if not defined it will pass the whole event...
  // payload: 'payload'
},
function (evt, vm, callback) {
  evt.extended = vm.get('myValue');
  callback(null, evt);
});
// optional define a function to that returns an id that will be used as viewmodel id when id not specified in options or found
//.useAsId(function (evt) {
//  return 'newId';
//});
// or
//.useAsId(function (evt, callback) {
//  callback(null, 'newId');
//});	

not for a collection

module.exports = require('cqrs-eventdenormalizer').defineEventExtender({
  // optional, default is file name without extension,
  // if name is '' it will handle all events that matches
  name: 'enteredNewPerson',

  // optional
  aggregate: 'person',

  // optional
  context: 'hr',

  // optional, default is 0
  // if set to -1, it will ignore the version
  version: 2//,

  // optional, if not defined it will pass the whole event...
  // payload: 'payload'
}, function (evt) {
  evt.extended = true;
  return evt;
});

// or

module.exports = require('cqrs-eventdenormalizer').defineEventExtender({
  // optional, default is file name without extension,
  // if name is '' it will handle all events that matches
  name: 'enteredNewPerson',

  // optional
  aggregate: 'person',

  // optional
  context: 'hr',

  // optional, default is 0
  // if set to -1, it will ignore the version
  version: 2//,

  // optional, if not defined it will pass the whole event...
  // payload: 'payload'
}, function (evt, callback) {
  evt.extended = true;
  callback(null, evt);
});

Replay events

Replay whenever you want...

denormalizer.replay([/* ordered array of events */], function (err) {
  if (err) { console.log(err); }
});

or when catching some events:

denormalizer.onEventMissing(function (info, evt) {

  // grab the missing events, depending from info values...
  // info.aggregateId
  // info.aggregateRevision
  // info.aggregate
  // info.context
  // info.guardRevision
  // and call handle...
  denormalizer.handle(missingEvent, function (err) {
    if (err) { console.log(err); }
  });

});

you can skip onEventMissing from being called, if provided, by adding the option `skipOnEventMissing` to the denormalizer. Checkout the usage section for more information.

or depending on the last guarded event:

denormalizer.getLastEvent(function (err, evt) {

  if (event.occurredAt < Date.now()) {
  	// ...
  }

});

streamed

denormalizer.replayStreamed(function (replay, done) {

  replay(evt1);
  replay(evt2);
  replay(evt3);

  done(function (err) {
    if (err) { console.log(err); }
  });

});

if you want to clear the readModel before replaying...

denormalizer.clear(function (err) {
});

ES6 default exports

Importing ES6 style default exports is supported for all definitions where you also use module.exports:

module.exports = defineCollection({...});

works as well as

exports.default = defineCollection({...});

as well as (must be transpiled by babel or tsc to be runnable in node)

export default defineCollection({...});

Also:

exports.default = defineViewBuilder({...});
exports.default = defineEventExtender({...});
// etc...

Exports other than the default export are then ignored by this package's structure loader.

Release notes

License

Copyright (c) 2019 Adriano Raiano

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.