dimensional

Dimensional is the ultimate tool for any chemist's, physicist's, or engineer's toolbox. It augments JavaScript or TypeScript by allowing the programmer to assign units to their numerical quantities.

Getting Started

Dimensional contains 3 main features:

• Dimensional analysis
• Unit conversions
• Quantity mathematics

All of these features are extensible and output into a LaTeX-friendly format.

Data Structure

Physical quantities contain a numerical value, which is "scaled" by a unit. The unit in turn measures a dimension or compound of dimensions. The structure of data is outlined below. A quantity contains both a numerical value, and a unit. The unit then contains its respective base dimensions.

• Quantity
  • Numerical value
  • Unit(s)
    • Dimension(s)

For example, the speedometer on your vehicle is a readout of a physical quantity. In this case, the dimension of this quantity is speed, which expressed in base dimensions, is distance over time. If you live in the United States, the unit measured is typically miles per hour and elsewhere in the world, the unit is likely kilometers per hour. Let's say you live in the United States, and your speedometer readout is 65 miles per hour.

• Quantity = \(65 \left[ \frac{\text{mi}}{\text{hr}} \right]\)
  • Numerical value = \(65\)
  • Unit(s) = \(\frac{\text{mi}}{\text{hr}}\)
    • Dimension(s) = \(\frac{{\textbf{L}}}{{\textbf{T}}}\)

Dimensions

Base dimensions refer to the fundamental, independent quality being measured. The physical base dimensions are as follows:

• Mass \({\textbf{M}}\)
• Length \({\textbf{L}}\)
• Time \({\textbf{T}}\)
• Temperature \({\boldsymbol{\Theta}}\)
• Electrical Current \({\textbf{I}}\)
• Luminous Intensity \({\textbf{J}}\)
• Amount Of Substance \({\textbf{N}}\)
• Dimensionless \(1\)

The base dimensions are the building blocks that can be combined to form other measurable qualities, like speed (velocity), from the example above. In physics, compounds of dimensions are referred to as attributes or properties. Here are a few attributes that come pre-packaged in Dimensional by default:

• Area \({\textbf{L}}^{2}\)
• Volume \({\textbf{L}}^{3}\)
• Velocity \(\frac{{\textbf{L}}}{{\textbf{T}}}\)
• Acceleration \(\frac{{\textbf{L}}}{{\textbf{T}}^{2}}\)
• Force \(\frac{{\textbf{M}} \cdot {\textbf{L}}}{{\textbf{T}}^{2}}\)
• ...and many others

Units

A unit is a standard measurement of a base or derived dimension. The examples below are some examples of length units that come pre-packaged in Dimensional by default:

• meter \(\text{m}\)
• foot \(\text{ft}\)
• inch \(\text{in}\)
• yard \(\text{yd}\)
• mile \(\text{mi}\)

Each one of these units represents a particular "scaling" factor for a numerical quantity.

Units can also be combined in the same way as dimensions to form other measurements. For example, a common measurement of speed (velocity) in the United States is \(\frac{\text{mi}}{\text{hr}}\) or miles over hours.

Units can also be converted into other units of like dimensions.

Prefixes

Units can be further adjusted using prefixes to increase or decrease their magnitude. Units can only have one prefix at a time. Here are a few examples that come pre-packaged in Dimensional by default:

• giga \(\text{G} = 10^{9}\)
• mega \(\text{M} = 10^{6}\)
• kilo \(\text{k} = 10^{3}\)
• hecto \(\text{h} = 100\)
• deca \(\text{da} = 10\)
• deci \(\text{d} = 0.1\)
• centi \(\text{c} = 0.01\)
• milli \(\text{m} = 10^{-3}\)
• micro \({\mu} = 10^{-6}\)
• nano \(\text{n} = 10^{-9}\)

And here are some default units that use some of these prefixes to scale the base unit:

• kilometer \({\text{k}\text{m}}\)
• centimeter \({\text{c}\text{m}}\)
• millimeter \({\text{m}\text{m}}\)
• kilogram \({\text{k}\text{g}}\)

Unit prefixes provide a convenient way to express very large or very small quantities where a unit of that scale/magnitude might not exist. For example, \(1 \left[ {\text{k}\text{m}} \right] = 1000 \left[ \text{m} \right]\)

All base units can have a prefix to change the magnitude, even if they are not in the SI system. For example, in the volume dimension, 1,000 gallons can be expressed as one \({\text{k}\text{gal}}\).

Quantities

Lastly, a quantity is a property that can be measured and are described by both a numerical value and a unit.

$$24 \left[ \text{V} \right]$$

Quantities of any unit can be converted to another quantity of any other unit in that same dimension.

$$5.75 \left[ \text{ft} \right] = 175.2... \left[ {\text{c}\text{m}} \right]$$ $${\textbf{L}} = {\textbf{L}}$$

Quantities with the same dimensions can be added to or subtracted from and the dimensions will remain the same. Units will automatically be converted to the first argument's units.

$$5 \left[ \text{ft} \right] + 9 \left[ \text{in} \right] = 5.75 \left[ \text{ft} \right]$$ $${\textbf{L}} + {\textbf{L}} = {\textbf{L}}$$

Any two quantities can be multiplied or divided, and the corresponding units and dimensions will be multiplied or divided.

$$1 \left[ \text{mi} \right] \div 8 \left[ \text{min} \right] = 0.125 \left[ \frac{\text{mi}}{\text{min}} \right]$$ $${\textbf{L}} \div {\textbf{T}} = \frac{{\textbf{L}}}{{\textbf{T}}}$$

Quantities can also be scaled by a constant factor, which does not affect units or dimensions.

$$4 \left[ \text{oz} \right] \times 3 = 12 \left[ \text{oz} \right]$$ $${\textbf{M}} \times 1 = {\textbf{M}}$$

Quantities can be raised to a power, which effectively raises the units and dimensions by that power as well.

$$\left(2 \left[ {\text{c}\text{m}} \right]\right)^{2} = 4 \left[ {\text{c}\text{m}}^{2} \right]$$ $$({\textbf{L}})^{2} = {\textbf{L}}^{2}$$

Extensibility

Dimensional comes pre-packaged with several standard dimensions, units, and prefixes, but it is completely customizable! This package allows you to define totally custom dimensions, units, and conversions, using all the same basic rules for physical dimensions!

Examples

Ready to begin? Start with a simple example to create a BMI calculator to learn how to install this package and convert units! Then, step through each example to learn more and more features of this package!