fs-extra

What is fs-extra?

The fs-extra package is a file system module for Node.js that extends the built-in 'fs' module. It provides additional methods and simplifies certain file operations, such as copying, moving, deleting files and directories, and more. It also adds promise support to the fs methods.

What are fs-extra's main functionalities?

Copying files and directories

This feature allows you to copy files and directories from one location to another. The method returns a promise that resolves when the operation is complete.

const fs = require('fs-extra');

fs.copy('/path/to/source', '/path/to/dest')
  .then(() => console.log('Copy successful!'))
  .catch(err => console.error(err));

Moving files and directories

This feature enables you to move files and directories to a new location. Like copy, it returns a promise and provides a simple API for a task that would otherwise require multiple steps.

const fs = require('fs-extra');

fs.move('/path/to/source', '/path/to/dest')
  .then(() => console.log('Move successful!'))
  .catch(err => console.error(err));

Removing files and directories

This feature is used to delete files and directories. It is a safer and more powerful alternative to the standard 'fs.unlink' and 'fs.rmdir' methods, as it can remove non-empty directories.

const fs = require('fs-extra');

fs.remove('/path/to/dir')
  .then(() => console.log('Removal successful!'))
  .catch(err => console.error(err));

Reading and writing JSON files

This feature simplifies the process of reading and writing JSON files. It automatically handles stringifying objects when writing and parsing JSON data when reading.

const fs = require('fs-extra');

const myData = { name: 'fs-extra' };
fs.writeJson('/path/to/file.json', myData)
  .then(() => console.log('Write successful!'))
  .catch(err => console.error(err));

Ensuring a file or directory exists

This feature checks if a file or directory exists, and if it does not, it is created. This is useful for making sure that a given file or directory is present before performing operations on it.

const fs = require('fs-extra');

fs.ensureFile('/path/to/file.txt')
  .then(() => console.log('File exists!'))
  .catch(err => console.error(err));

Other packages similar to fs-extra

rimraf

Rimraf is a Node.js package that provides a simple way to delete files and directories with a UNIX command 'rm -rf' like functionality. It is less feature-rich compared to fs-extra, which provides a broader set of file system operations.

mkdirp

Mkdirp is a package that allows you to create a new directory and its parent directories if they do not exist (similar to the 'mkdir -p' command in UNIX). It is more focused than fs-extra, which includes this functionality as part of a larger suite of file system tools.

graceful-fs

Graceful-fs is a drop-in replacement for the fs module that makes file system operations more robust by queuing them and retrying on certain types of errors. It does not add new methods like fs-extra but improves the reliability of existing ones.

node-fs-extra

Node-fs-extra is a fork of fs-extra that aims to provide the same functionality. However, fs-extra is more commonly used and actively maintained, making it the preferred choice for most developers.

README

Node.js: fs-extra

fs-extra adds file system methods that aren't included in the native fs module and adds promise support to the fs methods. It also uses graceful-fs to prevent EMFILE errors. It should be a drop in replacement for fs.

Why?

I got tired of including mkdirp, rimraf, and ncp in most of my projects.

Installation

npm install fs-extra

Usage

CommonJS

fs-extra is a drop in replacement for native fs. All methods in fs are attached to fs-extra. All fs methods return promises if the callback isn't passed.

You don't ever need to include the original fs module again:

const fs = require('fs') // this is no longer necessary

you can now do this:

const fs = require('fs-extra')

or if you prefer to make it clear that you're using fs-extra and not fs, you may want to name your fs variable fse like so:

const fse = require('fs-extra')

you can also keep both, but it's redundant:

const fs = require('fs')
const fse = require('fs-extra')

ESM

There is also an fs-extra/esm import, that supports both default and named exports. However, note that fs methods are not included in fs-extra/esm; you still need to import fs and/or fs/promises seperately:

import { readFileSync } from 'fs'
import { readFile } from 'fs/promises'
import { outputFile, outputFileSync } from 'fs-extra/esm'

Default exports are supported:

import fs from 'fs'
import fse from 'fs-extra/esm'
// fse.readFileSync is not a function; must use fs.readFileSync

but you probably want to just use regular fs-extra instead of fs-extra/esm for default exports:

import fs from 'fs-extra'
// both fs and fs-extra methods are defined

Sync vs Async vs Async/Await

Most methods are async by default. All async methods will return a promise if the callback isn't passed.

Sync methods on the other hand will throw if an error occurs.

Also Async/Await will throw an error if one occurs.

Example:

const fs = require('fs-extra')

// Async with promises:
fs.copy('/tmp/myfile', '/tmp/mynewfile')
  .then(() => console.log('success!'))
  .catch(err => console.error(err))

// Async with callbacks:
fs.copy('/tmp/myfile', '/tmp/mynewfile', err => {
  if (err) return console.error(err)
  console.log('success!')
})

// Sync:
try {
  fs.copySync('/tmp/myfile', '/tmp/mynewfile')
  console.log('success!')
} catch (err) {
  console.error(err)
}

// Async/Await:
async function copyFiles () {
  try {
    await fs.copy('/tmp/myfile', '/tmp/mynewfile')
    console.log('success!')
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err)
  }
}

copyFiles()

Methods

Async

• copy
• emptyDir
• ensureFile
• ensureDir
• ensureLink
• ensureSymlink
• mkdirp
• mkdirs
• move
• outputFile
• outputJson
• pathExists
• readJson
• remove
• writeJson

Sync

• copySync
• emptyDirSync
• ensureFileSync
• ensureDirSync
• ensureLinkSync
• ensureSymlinkSync
• mkdirpSync
• mkdirsSync
• moveSync
• outputFileSync
• outputJsonSync
• pathExistsSync
• readJsonSync
• removeSync
• writeJsonSync

NOTE: You can still use the native Node.js methods. They are promisified and copied over to fs-extra. See notes on fs.read(), fs.write(), & fs.writev()

What happened to walk() and walkSync()?

They were removed from fs-extra in v2.0.0. If you need the functionality, walk and walkSync are available as separate packages, klaw and klaw-sync.

Third Party

CLI

fse-cli allows you to run fs-extra from a console or from npm scripts.

TypeScript

If you like TypeScript, you can use fs-extra with it: https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/tree/master/types/fs-extra

File / Directory Watching

If you want to watch for changes to files or directories, then you should use chokidar.

Obtain Filesystem (Devices, Partitions) Information

fs-filesystem allows you to read the state of the filesystem of the host on which it is run. It returns information about both the devices and the partitions (volumes) of the system.

Misc.

• fs-extra-debug - Send your fs-extra calls to debug.
• mfs - Monitor your fs-extra calls.

Hacking on fs-extra

Wanna hack on fs-extra? Great! Your help is needed! fs-extra is one of the most depended upon Node.js packages. This project uses JavaScript Standard Style - if the name or style choices bother you, you're gonna have to get over it :) If standard is good enough for npm, it's good enough for fs-extra.

What's needed?

• First, take a look at existing issues. Those are probably going to be where the priority lies.
• More tests for edge cases. Specifically on different platforms. There can never be enough tests.
• Improve test coverage.

Note: If you make any big changes, you should definitely file an issue for discussion first.

Running the Test Suite

fs-extra contains hundreds of tests.

• npm run lint: runs the linter (standard)
• npm run unit: runs the unit tests
• npm run unit-esm: runs tests for fs-extra/esm exports
• npm test: runs the linter and all tests

When running unit tests, set the environment variable CROSS_DEVICE_PATH to the absolute path of an empty directory on another device (like a thumb drive) to enable cross-device move tests.

Windows

If you run the tests on the Windows and receive a lot of symbolic link EPERM permission errors, it's because on Windows you need elevated privilege to create symbolic links. You can add this to your Windows's account by following the instructions here: http://superuser.com/questions/104845/permission-to-make-symbolic-links-in-windows-7 However, I didn't have much luck doing this.

Since I develop on Mac OS X, I use VMWare Fusion for Windows testing. I create a shared folder that I map to a drive on Windows. I open the Node.js command prompt and run as Administrator. I then map the network drive running the following command:

net use z: "\\vmware-host\Shared Folders"

I can then navigate to my fs-extra directory and run the tests.

Naming

I put a lot of thought into the naming of these functions. Inspired by @coolaj86's request. So he deserves much of the credit for raising the issue. See discussion(s) here:

• https://github.com/jprichardson/node-fs-extra/issues/2
• https://github.com/flatiron/utile/issues/11
• https://github.com/ryanmcgrath/wrench-js/issues/29
• https://github.com/substack/node-mkdirp/issues/17

First, I believe that in as many cases as possible, the Node.js naming schemes should be chosen. However, there are problems with the Node.js own naming schemes.

For example, fs.readFile() and fs.readdir(): the F is capitalized in File and the d is not capitalized in dir. Perhaps a bit pedantic, but they should still be consistent. Also, Node.js has chosen a lot of POSIX naming schemes, which I believe is great. See: fs.mkdir(), fs.rmdir(), fs.chown(), etc.

We have a dilemma though. How do you consistently name methods that perform the following POSIX commands: cp, cp -r, mkdir -p, and rm -rf?

My perspective: when in doubt, err on the side of simplicity. A directory is just a hierarchical grouping of directories and files. Consider that for a moment. So when you want to copy it or remove it, in most cases you'll want to copy or remove all of its contents. When you want to create a directory, if the directory that it's suppose to be contained in does not exist, then in most cases you'll want to create that too.

So, if you want to remove a file or a directory regardless of whether it has contents, just call fs.remove(path). If you want to copy a file or a directory whether it has contents, just call fs.copy(source, destination). If you want to create a directory regardless of whether its parent directories exist, just call fs.mkdirs(path) or fs.mkdirp(path).

Credit

fs-extra wouldn't be possible without using the modules from the following authors:

• Isaac Shlueter
• Charlie McConnel
• James Halliday
• Andrew Kelley

License

Licensed under MIT

Copyright (c) 2011-2017 JP Richardson