graphql-query-complexity

What is graphql-query-complexity?

The graphql-query-complexity package is a tool for analyzing and limiting the complexity of GraphQL queries. It helps in preventing abuse by ensuring that queries do not exceed a specified complexity threshold, which can be crucial for maintaining the performance and security of a GraphQL API.

What are graphql-query-complexity's main functionalities?

Complexity Analysis

This feature allows you to calculate the complexity of a given GraphQL query. The code sample demonstrates how to use the `getComplexity` function along with a simple estimator to determine the complexity of a basic query.

const { getComplexity, simpleEstimator } = require('graphql-query-complexity');
const { graphql, buildSchema } = require('graphql');

const schema = buildSchema(`
  type Query {
    hello: String
  }
`);

const query = '{ hello }';

const complexity = getComplexity({
  schema,
  query,
  estimators: [
    simpleEstimator({ defaultComplexity: 1 })
  ]
});

console.log('Query Complexity:', complexity);

Complexity Limiting

This feature allows you to enforce a maximum complexity limit on GraphQL queries. The code sample shows how to calculate the complexity of a query and throw an error if it exceeds a predefined maximum complexity.

const { getComplexity, simpleEstimator } = require('graphql-query-complexity');
const { graphql, buildSchema } = require('graphql');

const schema = buildSchema(`
  type Query {
    hello: String
  }
`);

const query = '{ hello }';

const complexity = getComplexity({
  schema,
  query,
  estimators: [
    simpleEstimator({ defaultComplexity: 1 })
  ]
});

const maxComplexity = 10;
if (complexity > maxComplexity) {
  throw new Error(`Query is too complex: ${complexity}. Maximum allowed complexity: ${maxComplexity}`);
}

console.log('Query is within the allowed complexity range.');

Other packages similar to graphql-query-complexity

graphql-depth-limit

The graphql-depth-limit package provides a way to limit the depth of GraphQL queries. While graphql-query-complexity focuses on the overall complexity of a query, graphql-depth-limit specifically targets the depth of nested queries. This can be useful for preventing deeply nested queries that could potentially cause performance issues.

graphql-cost-analysis

The graphql-cost-analysis package is another tool for analyzing the cost of GraphQL queries. It allows you to define custom cost rules and calculate the cost of a query based on those rules. Compared to graphql-query-complexity, graphql-cost-analysis offers more flexibility in defining what constitutes the 'cost' of a query.

README

GraphQL Query Complexity Analysis for graphql-js

This library provides GraphQL query analysis to reject complex queries to your GraphQL server. It can be used to protect your GraphQL servers against resource exhaustion and DoS attacks.

This library was originally developed as part of the Slicknode GraphQL Framework + Headless CMS.

Works with graphql-js reference implementation.

Installation

Install the package via npm

npm install -S graphql-query-complexity

Usage

Create the rule with a maximum query complexity:

import {
  createComplexityRule,
  simpleEstimator
} from 'graphql-query-complexity';

const rule = createComplexityRule({
  // The maximum allowed query complexity, queries above this threshold will be rejected
  maximumComplexity: 1_000,

  // The query variables. This is needed because the variables are not available
  // in the visitor of the graphql-js library
  variables: {},

  // The context object for the request (optional)
  context: {}

  // Specify operation name when evaluating multi-operation documents
  operationName?: string,

  // The maximum number of query nodes to evaluate (fields, fragments, composite types).
  // If a query contains more than the specified number of nodes, the complexity rule will
  // throw an error, regardless of the complexity of the query.
  //
  // Default: 10_000
  maxQueryNodes?: 10_000,

  // Optional callback function to retrieve the determined query complexity
  // Will be invoked whether the query is rejected or not
  // This can be used for logging or to implement rate limiting
  onComplete: (complexity: number) => {console.log('Determined query complexity: ', complexity)},

  // Optional function to create a custom error
  createError: (max: number, actual: number) => {
    return new GraphQLError(`Query is too complex: ${actual}. Maximum allowed complexity: ${max}`);
  },

  // Add any number of estimators. The estimators are invoked in order, the first
  // numeric value that is being returned by an estimator is used as the field complexity.
  // If no estimator returns a value, an exception is raised.
  estimators: [
    // Add more estimators here...

    // This will assign each field a complexity of 1 if no other estimator
    // returned a value.
    simpleEstimator({
      defaultComplexity: 1
    })
  ]
});

Configuration / Complexity Estimators

The complexity calculation of a GraphQL query can be customized with so called complexity estimators. A complexity estimator is a simple function that calculates the complexity for a field. You can add any number of complexity estimators to the rule, which are then executed one after another. The first estimator that returns a numeric complexity value determines the complexity for that field.

At least one estimator has to return a complexity value, otherwise an exception is raised. You can for example use the simpleEstimator as the last estimator in your chain to define a default value.

You can use any of the available estimators to calculate the complexity of a field or write your own:

• simpleEstimator: The simple estimator returns a fixed complexity for each field. Can be used as last estimator in the chain for a default value.
• directiveEstimator: Set the complexity via a directive in your schema definition (for example via GraphQL SDL)
• fieldExtensionsEstimator: The field extensions estimator lets you set a numeric value or a custom estimator function in the field config extensions of your schema.
• PRs welcome...

Consult the documentation of each estimator for information about how to use them.

Creating Custom Estimators

An estimator has the following function signature:

type ComplexityEstimatorArgs = {
  // The composite type (interface, object, union) that the evaluated field belongs to
  type: GraphQLCompositeType;

  // The GraphQLField that is being evaluated
  field: GraphQLField<any, any>;

  // The GraphQL node that is being evaluated
  node: FieldNode;

  // The input arguments of the field
  args: { [key: string]: any };

  // The complexity of all child selections for that field
  childComplexity: number;

  // The context object for the request if it was provided
  context?: Record<string, any>;
};

type ComplexityEstimator = (options: ComplexityEstimatorArgs) => number | void;

Usage with express-graphql

To use the query complexity analysis validation rule with express-graphql, use something like the following:

import {
  simpleEstimator,
  createComplexityRule,
} from 'graphql-query-complexity';
import express from 'express';
import graphqlHTTP from 'express-graphql';
import schema from './schema';

const app = express();
app.use(
  '/api',
  graphqlHTTP(async (request, response, { variables }) => ({
    schema,
    validationRules: [
      createComplexityRule({
        estimators: [
          // Configure your estimators
          simpleEstimator({ defaultComplexity: 1 }),
        ],
        maximumComplexity: 1000,
        variables,
        onComplete: (complexity: number) => {
          console.log('Query Complexity:', complexity);
        },
      }),
    ],
  }))
);

Calculate query complexity

If you want to calculate the complexity of a GraphQL query outside of the validation phase, for example to return the complexity value in a resolver, you can calculate the complexity via getComplexity:

import { getComplexity, simpleEstimator } from 'graphql-query-complexity';
import { parse } from 'graphql';

// Import your schema or get it form the info object in your resolver
import schema from './schema';

// You can also use gql template tag to get the parsed query
const query = parse(`
  query Q($count: Int) {
    some_value
    some_list(count: $count) {
      some_child_value
    }
  }
`);

try {
  const complexity = getComplexity({
    estimators: [simpleEstimator({ defaultComplexity: 1 })],
    schema,
    query,
    variables: {
      count: 10,
    },
  });

  console.log(complexity); // Output: 3
} catch (e) {
  // Log error in case complexity cannot be calculated (invalid query, misconfiguration, etc.)
  console.error('Could not calculate complexity', e.message);
}

Prior Art

This project is inspired by the following prior projects:

• Query complexity analysis in the Sangria GraphQL implementation.
• graphql-cost-analysis - Multipliers and directiveEstimator