lightningcss

What is lightningcss?

LightningCSS is a high-performance CSS parser, transformer, and minifier. It is designed to handle large CSS files efficiently and provides various functionalities for CSS processing.

What are lightningcss's main functionalities?

CSS Parsing

This feature allows you to parse CSS strings into an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST). The code sample demonstrates how to parse a simple CSS string and log the resulting AST.

const { parse } = require('lightningcss');
const css = '.class { color: red; }';
const ast = parse(css);
console.log(ast);

CSS Minification

This feature enables you to minify CSS code, reducing its size for better performance. The code sample shows how to minify a CSS string and log the minified output.

const { minify } = require('lightningcss');
const css = '.class { color: red; }';
const minified = minify(css);
console.log(minified);

CSS Transformation

This feature allows you to transform CSS code based on specific targets, such as browser compatibility. The code sample demonstrates transforming a CSS string to be compatible with the specified browser targets.

const { transform } = require('lightningcss');
const css = '.class { color: red; }';
const transformed = transform(css, { targets: { browsers: ['> 1%', 'last 2 versions'] } });
console.log(transformed);

Other packages similar to lightningcss

postcss

PostCSS is a tool for transforming CSS with JavaScript plugins. It is highly extensible and can be used for a wide range of CSS processing tasks, including parsing, minification, and transformation. Compared to LightningCSS, PostCSS offers a more extensive plugin ecosystem but may not be as performant for large CSS files.

clean-css

Clean-CSS is a fast and efficient CSS minifier. It focuses primarily on minification and optimization of CSS files. While it is highly effective for reducing file size, it does not offer the same level of parsing and transformation capabilities as LightningCSS.

csso

CSSO (CSS Optimizer) is a CSS minifier that also provides structural optimizations. It is designed to reduce the size of CSS files while preserving their functionality. CSSO is similar to LightningCSS in terms of minification but may not offer as comprehensive parsing and transformation features.

README

⚡️ Lightning CSS

An extremely fast CSS parser, transformer, and minifier written in Rust. Use it with Parcel, as a standalone library or CLI, or via a plugin with any other tool.

Features

• Extremely fast – Parsing and minifying large files is completed in milliseconds, often with significantly smaller output than other tools. See benchmarks below.
• Typed property values – many other CSS parsers treat property values as an untyped series of tokens. This means that each transformer that wants to do something with these values must interpret them itself, leading to duplicate work and inconsistencies. Lightning CSS parses all values using the grammar from the CSS specification, and exposes a specific value type for each property.
• Browser-grade parser – Lightning CSS is built on the cssparser and selectors crates created by Mozilla and used by Firefox and Servo. These provide a solid general purpose CSS-parsing foundation on top of which Lightning CSS implements support for all specific CSS rules and properties.
• Minification – One of the main purposes of Lightning CSS is to minify CSS to make it smaller. This includes many optimizations including:
  • Combining longhand properties into shorthands where possible.
  • Merging adjacent rules with the same selectors or declarations when it is safe to do so.
  • Combining CSS transforms into a single matrix or vice versa when smaller.
  • Removing vendor prefixes that are not needed, based on the provided browser targets.
  • Reducing calc() expressions where possible.
  • Converting colors to shorter hex notation where possible.
  • Minifying gradients.
  • Minifying CSS grid templates.
  • Normalizing property value order.
  • Removing default property sub-values which will be inferred by browsers.
  • Many micro-optimizations, e.g. converting to shorter units, removing unnecessary quotation marks, etc.
• Vendor prefixing – Lightning CSS accepts a list of browser targets, and automatically adds (and removes) vendor prefixes.
• Browserslist configuration – Lightning CSS supports opt-in browserslist configuration discovery to resolve browser targets and integrate with your existing tools and config setup.
• Syntax lowering – Lightning CSS parses modern CSS syntax, and generates more compatible output where needed, based on browser targets.
  • CSS Nesting
  • Custom media queries (draft spec)
  • Logical properties
  • Color Level 5
    • color-mix() function
    • Relative color syntax, e.g. lab(from purple calc(l * .8) a b)
  • Color Level 4
    • lab(), lch(), oklab(), and oklch() colors
    • color() function supporting predefined color spaces such as display-p3 and xyz
    • Space separated components in rgb and hsl functions
    • Hex with alpha syntax
    • hwb() color syntax
    • Percent syntax for opacity
    • #rgba and #rrggbbaa hex colors
  • Selectors
    • :not with multiple arguments
    • :lang with multiple arguments
    • :dir
    • :is
  • Double position gradient stops (e.g. red 40% 80%)
  • clamp(), round(), rem(), and mod() math functions
  • Alignment shorthands (e.g. place-items)
  • Two-value overflow shorthand
  • Media query range syntax (e.g. @media (width <= 100px) or @media (100px < width < 500px))
  • Multi-value display property (e.g. inline flex)
  • system-ui font family fallbacks
• CSS modules – Lightning CSS supports compiling a subset of CSS modules features.
  • Locally scoped class and id selectors
  • Locally scoped custom identifiers, e.g. @keyframes names, grid lines/areas, @counter-style names, etc.
  • Opt-in support for locally scoped CSS variables and other dashed identifiers.
  • :local() and :global() selectors
  • The composes property
• Custom transforms – The Lightning CSS visitor API can be used to implement custom transform plugins.

Documentation

Lightning CSS can be used from Parcel, as a standalone library from JavaScript or Rust, using a standalone CLI, or wrapped as a plugin within any other tool. See the Lightning CSS website for documentation.

Benchmarks

$ node bench.js bootstrap-4.css
cssnano: 544.809ms
159636 bytes

esbuild: 17.199ms
160332 bytes

lightningcss: 4.16ms
143091 bytes


$ node bench.js animate.css
cssnano: 283.105ms
71723 bytes

esbuild: 11.858ms
72183 bytes

lightningcss: 1.973ms
23666 bytes


$ node bench.js tailwind.css
cssnano: 2.198s
1925626 bytes

esbuild: 107.668ms
1961642 bytes

lightningcss: 43.368ms
1824130 bytes

For more benchmarks comparing more tools and input, see here. Note that some of the tools shown perform unsafe optimizations that may change the behavior of the original CSS in favor of smaller file size. Lightning CSS does not do this – the output CSS should always behave identically to the input. Keep this in mind when comparing file sizes between tools.