Math.js is an extensive math library for JavaScript and Node.js. It features real and complex numbers, units, matrices, a large set of mathematical functions, and a flexible expression parser.
mathjs is an extensive math library for JavaScript and Node.js. It features a flexible expression parser, a large set of built-in functions, and supports different data types such as numbers, big numbers, complex numbers, fractions, units, and matrices.
Basic Arithmetic
Perform basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
const math = require('mathjs');
const sum = math.add(2, 3); // 5
const product = math.multiply(4, 5); // 20Matrix Operations
Perform operations on matrices such as addition, multiplication, and inversion.
const math = require('mathjs');
const matrix1 = math.matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]]);
const matrix2 = math.matrix([[5, 6], [7, 8]]);
const result = math.add(matrix1, matrix2); // [[6, 8], [10, 12]]Complex Numbers
Handle complex numbers and perform arithmetic operations on them.
const math = require('mathjs');
const complex1 = math.complex(2, 3);
const complex2 = math.complex(1, 4);
const sum = math.add(complex1, complex2); // 3 + 7iUnit Conversions
Convert between different units of measurement.
const math = require('mathjs');
const distance = math.unit(5, 'km');
const convertedDistance = distance.to('mile'); // 3.10685596 mileExpression Parsing
Parse and evaluate mathematical expressions from strings.
const math = require('mathjs');
const expr = '2 * (3 + 4)';
const result = math.evaluate(expr); // 14numeric is a library for numerical computations in JavaScript. It provides functions for matrix operations, solving linear systems, and performing numerical integration. Compared to mathjs, numeric is more focused on numerical methods and less on symbolic computation and unit conversions.
algebrite is a JavaScript library for symbolic mathematics. It can perform algebraic operations, calculus, and other symbolic computations. While mathjs also supports some symbolic computation, algebrite is more specialized in this area.
simple-statistics is a JavaScript library for statistical calculations. It provides functions for descriptive statistics, probability distributions, and regression analysis. Unlike mathjs, which covers a broad range of mathematical functions, simple-statistics is specialized in statistical methods.
Math.js is an extensive math library for JavaScript and Node.js. It features real and complex numbers, units, matrices, a large set of mathematical functions, and a flexible expression parser. Powerful and easy to use.
Math.js can be installed using npm:
npm install mathjs
Or using bower:
bower install mathjs
Or by downloading the latest version from mathjs.org:
Load math.js in node.js:
var math = require('mathjs');
math.sqrt(-4); // 2i
Math.js can be loaded as a regular javascript file in the browser:
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<script src="math.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
math.sqrt(-4); // 2i
</script>
</body>
</html>
Load math.js in the browser using require.js:
require.config({
paths: {
mathjs: 'path/to/mathjs',
}
});
require(['mathjs'], function (math) {
math.sqrt(-4); // 2i
});
Math.js can be used similar to JavaScript's built-in Math library. Besides that, math.js can evaluate expressions (see Expressions) and supports chained operations (see Chained operations).
The example code below shows how to use math.js. More examples can be found in the examples directory.
// load math.js
var math = require('mathjs');
// functions and constants
math.round(math.e, 3); // 2.718
math.atan2(3, -3) / math.pi; // 0.75
math.log(1000, 10); // 3
math.sqrt(-4); // 2i
math.pow([[-1, 2], [3, 1]], 2); // [[7, 0], [0, 7]]
// expressions
math.eval('1.2 / (2.3 + 0.7)'); // 0.4
math.eval('5.08 cm in inch'); // 2 inch
math.eval('sin(45 deg) ^ 2'); // 0.5
math.eval('9 / 3 + 2i'); // 3 + 2i
math.eval('det([-1, 2; 3, 1])'); // -7
// chained operations
math.select(3)
.add(4)
.multiply(2)
.done(); // 14
Math.js contains a flexible and easy to use expression parser. The parser supports all data types, methods and constants available in math.js. Expressions can be evaluated in two ways:
Math.js comes with a function math.eval to evaluate expressions.
The function eval does support all functions, variables, and data types
available in math.js. Internally, the function eval uses a read-only parser.
The following code demonstrates how to evaluate expressions.
// load math.js
var math = require('mathjs');
// evaluate expressions
var a = math.eval('sqrt(3^2 + 4^2)'); // a = 5
var b = math.eval('sqrt(-4)'); // b = 2i
var c = math.eval('2 inch in cm'); // c = 5.08 cm
var d = math.eval('cos(45 deg)'); // d = 0.7071067811865476
The parser of math.js supports all functions, variables, and data types available in math.js. Additionally, it supports variable and function assignments. A parser can be created by:
var parser = math.parser();
The parser contains the following methods:
eval(expr)
Evaluate an expression.get(name)
Retrieve a variable or function from the parsers scope.set(name, value)
Set a variable or function in the parsers scope.parse(expr)
Parse an expression into a node tree.
A node can be evaluated as node.eval().The following code shows how to create and use a parser.
// load math.js
var math = require('mathjs');
// create a parser
var parser = math.parser();
// evaluate expressions
var a = parser.eval('sqrt(3^2 + 4^2)'); // a = 5
var b = parser.eval('sqrt(-4)'); // b = 2i
var c = parser.eval('2 inch in cm'); // c = 5.08 cm
var d = parser.eval('cos(45 deg)'); // d = 0.7071067811865476
// define variables and functions
parser.eval('x = 7 / 2'); // 3.5
parser.eval('x + 3'); // 6.5
parser.eval('function f(x, y) = x^y'); // f(x, y)
parser.eval('f(2, 3)'); // 8
// get and set variables and functions
var x = parser.get('x'); // x = 7
var f = parser.get('f'); // f = function
var g = f(3, 3); // g = 27
parser.set('h', 500);
parser.eval('h / 2'); // 250
parser.set('hello', function (name) {
return 'hello, ' + name + '!';
});
parser.eval('hello("user")'); // "hello, user!"
// clear defined functions and variables
parser.clear();
Math.js supports chaining operations by wrapping a value into a Selector.
A selector can be created with the function math.select(value).
All methods available in the math namespace can be executed via the selector.
The methods will be executed with the selectors value as first argument,
followed by extra arguments provided by the function call itself.
math.select(3)
.add(4)
.subtract(2)
.done(); // 5
math.select( [[1, 2], [3, 4]] )
.set([1, 1], 8)
.multiply(3)
.done(); // [[24, 6], [9, 12]]
The Selector has a number of special functions:
done()
Finalize the chained operation and return the selectors value.valueOf()
The same as done(), returns the selectors value.toString()
Executes math.format(value) onto the selectors value, returning
a string representation of the value.get(index)
Get a subselection of the selectors value. Only applicable when
the value has a function get, for example when value is a Matrix
or Array.set(index, replacement)
Replace a subselection of the selectors value. Only applicable
when the value has a function get, for example when value is a
Matrix or Array.Math.js features a workspace, which manages a set of expressions. Expressions can be added, replace, deleted, and inserted in the workspace. The workspace keeps track on the dependencies between the expressions, and automatically updates results of depending expressions when variables or function definitions are changed in the workspace.
// load math.js
var math = require('mathjs');
// create a workspace
var workspace = math.workspace();
// add expressions to the workspace
var id0 = workspace.append('a = 3/4');
var id1 = workspace.append('a + 2');
workspace.getResult(id1); // 2.75
// replace expressions in the workspace
workspace.replace('a=5/2', id0);
workspace.getResult(id1); // 4.5
Available methods:
var id = workspace.append(expr);
var id = workspace.insertBefore(expr, beforeId);
var id = workspace.insertAfter(expr, afterId);
workspace.replace(expr, id);
workspace.remove(id);
workspace.clear();
var expr = workspace.getExpr(id);
var result = workspace.getResult(id);
var deps = workspace.getDependencies(id);
var changes = workspace.getChanges(updateSeq);
Math.js supports both native data types like Number, String, and Array, as well as advanced data types like Complex and Unit.
The built-in type Number can be used in all methods.
math.subtract(7.1, 2.3); // 4.8
math.round(math.pi, 3); // 3.142
math.sqrt(new Number(4.41e2)); // 21
The built-in type String can be used in applicable methods.
math.add('hello ', 'world'); // 'hello world'
math.max('A', 'D', 'C'); // 'D'
Math.js supports complex numbers. Most methods can be executed with complex numbers as arguments.
var a = math.complex(2, 3); // 2 + 3i
a.re; // 2
a.im; // 3
var b = math.complex('4 - 2i'); // 4 - 2i
math.add(a, b); // 6 + i
math.sqrt(-4); // 2i
Math.js supports units. Basic operations add, subtract, multiply,
and divide can be performed on units.
Trigonometric methods like sin support units with an angle as argument.
Units can be converted from one to another using method in,
an the value of a unit can be retrieved using toNumber.
var a = math.unit(55, 'cm'); // 550 mm
var b = math.unit('0.1m'); // 100 mm
math.add(a, b); // 0.65 m
b.in('cm'); // 10 cm Alternatively: math.in(b, 'cm')
b.toNumber('cm'); // 10
var parser = math.parser();
parser.eval('2 inch in cm'); // 5.08 cm
parser.eval('cos(45 deg)'); // 0.7071067811865476
Math.js supports n-dimensional arrays and matrices. Both regular JavaScript
Array and the math.js Matrix can be used interchangeably in all math.js
functions.
A Matrix is an object wrapped around a regular JavaScript Array, providing
utility methods for easy matrix manipulation such as get, set, size,
resize, clone, and more.
var matrix = math.matrix([1, 4, 9, 16, 25]); // Matrix, [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
math.sqrt(matrix); // Matrix, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
var array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
math.factorial(array); // Array, [1, 2, 6, 24, 120]
var a = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]; // Array, [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
var b = math.matrix([[5, 6], [1, 1]]); // Matrix, [[5, 6], [1, 1]]
b.set([2, [1, 2]], [[7, 8]]); // Matrix, [[5, 6], [7, 8]]
var c = math.multiply(a, b); // Matrix, [[19, 22], [43, 50]]
var d = c.get([2, 1]); // 43
Matrices are supported by the parser:
parser = math.parser();
parser.eval('a = [1, 2; 3, 4]'); // Matrix, [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
parser.eval('b = [5, 6; 7, 8]'); // Matrix, [[5, 6], [1, 1]]
parser.eval('b(2, 1:2) = [7, 8]'); // Matrix, [[5, 6], [7, 8]]
parser.eval('c = a * b'); // Matrix, [[19, 22], [43, 50]]
parser.eval('d = c(2, 1)'); // 43
A Range creates a range with a start, end, and optionally a step.
A Range can be used to create indexes to get or set submatrices.
var math = require('math.js'),
parser = math.parser();
math.factorial(math.range(1,5)); // Array, [1, 2, 6, 24, 120]
var a = math.matrix(); // Matrix, []
a.set([math.range('2:5')], [7, 2, 1, 5]); // Matrix, [0, 7, 2, 1, 5]
var b = math.range(2, -1, -2); // Range, 2:-1:-2
var c = b.valueOf(); // Array, [2, 1, 0, -1, -2]
var d = parser.eval('3:7'); // Range, 3:7
Math.js has the following built-in constants.
Math.js contains the following methods. The methods support all available data types (Number, Complex, Unit, String, and Array) where applicable.
The library can easily be extended with functions and variables using the
import method. The method import accepts a filename or an object with
functions and variables.
var math = require('mathjs');
// define new functions and variables
math.import({
myvalue: 42,
hello: function (name) {
return 'hello, ' + name + '!';
}
});
// defined methods can be used in both JavaScript as well as the parser
math.myvalue * 2; // 84
math.hello('user'); // 'hello, user!'
var parser = math.parser();
parser.eval('myvalue + 10'); // 52
parser.eval('hello("user")'); // 'hello, user!'
To import functions from a math library like numbers.js, the library must be installed using npm:
npm install numbers
And next, the library can be imported into math.js:
var math = require('mathjs'),
parser = math.parser();
// import the numbers.js library into math.js
math.import('numbers');
// use functions from numbers.js
math.fibonacci(7); // 7
parser.eval('fibonacci(7)'); // 7
First clone the project from github:
git clone git://github.com/josdejong/mathjs.git
The project uses jake as build tool. To be able to run jake from the command line, jake must be installed globally:
sudo npm install -g jake
Then, the project can be build by executing jake in the root of the project:
cd mathjs
jake
This will build the library math.js and math.min.js from the source files and execute tests.
Alternatively, when jake is not installed on your system, the project can be
build by running npm install in the root of the project. npm will then
use a local installation of jake to build the project.
To execute tests for the library, run:
npm test
Copyright (C) 2013 Jos de Jong wjosdejong@gmail.com
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
2013-04-20, version 0.7.0
math.eval, which uses a readonly parser to evaluate
expressions.xgcd (extended eucledian algorithm). Thanks Bart Kiers
(@bkiers).math.format(math.pi)
returns 3.1416).FAQs
Math.js is an extensive math library for JavaScript and Node.js. It features a flexible expression parser with support for symbolic computation, comes with a large set of built-in functions and constants, and offers an integrated solution to work with dif
The npm package mathjs receives a total of 984,927 weekly downloads. As such, mathjs popularity was classified as popular.
We found that mathjs demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 1 open source maintainer collaborating on the project.
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