patch-package

What is patch-package?

The patch-package npm package allows users to keep track of modifications to node_modules. It is useful when a user needs to make a quick fix to a node module and wants to persist this change across installs without waiting for the upstream fix. It lets you keep your workarounds in version control.

What are patch-package's main functionalities?

Creating Patches

This command is used to create a patch file for the npm package 'some-package'. After making changes to the node module, running this command will generate a patch file in a directory that can be committed to version control.

npx patch-package some-package

Applying Patches

This command applies all patches from the patches directory. It is typically used in the postinstall script in package.json to ensure that patches are applied after every npm install.

npx patch-package

Applying Specific Patch

This command applies a patch to a specific package. It is useful when you want to apply a patch to 'some-package' without applying all available patches.

npx patch-package some-package

Other packages similar to patch-package

shrinkwrap

Shrinkwrap is a tool for locking down the versions of npm packages installed. It is similar to patch-package in that it helps maintain consistency in dependencies, but it does not allow for modifications to the package code itself.

README

patch-package lets app authors instantly make and keep fixes to npm dependencies. It's a vital band-aid for those of us living on the bleeding edge.

# fix a bug in one of your dependencies
vim node_modules/some-package/brokenFile.js

# run patch-package to create a .patch file
npx patch-package some-package

# commit the patch file to share the fix with your team
git add patches/some-package+3.14.15.patch
git commit -m "fix brokenFile.js in some-package"

Patches created by patch-package are automatically and gracefully applied when you use npm(>=5) or yarn.

No more waiting around for pull requests to be merged and published. No more forking repos just to fix that one tiny thing preventing your app from working.

Set-up

In package.json

 "scripts": {
+  "postinstall": "patch-package"
 }

Then

npm

npm i patch-package

You can use --save-dev if you don't need to run npm in production, e.g. if you're making a web frontend.

yarn v1

yarn add patch-package postinstall-postinstall

You can use --dev if you don't need to run yarn in production, e.g. if you're making a web frontend.

To understand why yarn needs the postinstall-postinstall package see: Why use postinstall-postinstall

yarn workspaces

Same as for yarn ☝️ Note that if you want to patch un-hoisted packages you'll need to repeat the setup process for the child package. Also make sure you're in the child package directory when you run patch-package to generate the patch files.

yarn v2+

yarn 2+ have native support for patching dependencies via yarn patch. You do not need to use patch-package on these projects.

pnpm

pnpm has native support for patching dependencies via pnpm patch. You do not need to use patch-package on these projects.

Heroku

For patch-package to work on Heroku applications, you must specify NPM_CONFIG_PRODUCTION=false or YARN_PRODUCTION=false. See this issue for more details.

Docker and CI

• If having errors about working directory ("cannot run in wd [...]") when building in Docker, you might need to adjust configuration in .npmrc. See #185.
• In your Dockerfile, remember to copy over the patch files before running [npm|yarn] install
• If you cache node_modules rather than running yarn install every time, make sure that the patches dir is included in your cache key somehow. Otherwise if you update a patch then the change may not be reflected on subsequent CI runs.

CircleCI

Create a hash of your patches before loading/saving your cache. If using a Linux machine, run md5sum patches/* > patches.hash. If running on a macOS machine, use md5 patches/* > patches.hash

- run:
    name: patch-package hash
    command: md5sum patches/* > patches.hash

Then, update your hash key to include a checksum of that file:

- restore_cache:
    key:
      app-node_modules-v1-{{ checksum "yarn.lock" }}-{{ checksum "patches.hash"
      }}

As well as the save_cache

- save_cache:
    key:
      app-node_modules-v1-{{ checksum "yarn.lock" }}-{{ checksum "patches.hash"
      }}
    paths:
      - ./node_modules

Usage

Making patches

First make changes to the files of a particular package in your node_modules folder, then run

yarn patch-package package-name

or use npx (included with npm > 5.2)

npx patch-package package-name

where package-name matches the name of the package you made changes to.

If this is the first time you've used patch-package, it will create a folder called patches in the root dir of your app. Inside will be a file called package-name+0.44.0.patch or something, which is a diff between normal old package-name and your fixed version. Commit this to share the fix with your team.

Options

• --create-issue

  For packages whose source is hosted on GitHub this option opens a web browser with a draft issue based on your diff.

• --use-yarn

  By default, patch-package checks whether you use npm or yarn based on which lockfile you have. If you have both, it uses npm by default. Set this option to override that default and always use yarn.

• --exclude <regexp>

  Ignore paths matching the regexp when creating patch files. Paths are relative to the root dir of the package to be patched.

  Default value: package\\.json$

• --include <regexp>

  Only consider paths matching the regexp when creating patch files. Paths are relative to the root dir of the package to be patched.

  Default value: .*

• --case-sensitive-path-filtering

  Make regexps used in --include or --exclude filters case-sensitive.

• --patch-dir

  Specify the name for the directory in which to put the patch files.

Nested packages

If you are trying to patch a package at, e.g. node_modules/package/node_modules/another-package you can just put a / between the package names:

npx patch-package package/another-package

It works with scoped packages too

npx patch-package @my/package/@my/other-package

Updating patches

Use exactly the same process as for making patches in the first place, i.e. make more changes, run patch-package, commit the changes to the patch file.

Applying patches

Run patch-package without arguments to apply all patches in your project.

Options

• --error-on-fail

  Forces patch-package to exit with code 1 after failing.

  When running locally patch-package always exits with 0 by default. This happens even after failing to apply patches because otherwise yarn.lock and package.json might get out of sync with node_modules, which can be very confusing.

  --error-on-fail is switched on by default on CI.

  See https://github.com/ds300/patch-package/issues/86 for background.

• --reverse

  Un-applies all patches.

  Note that this will fail if the patched files have changed since being patched. In that case, you'll probably need to re-install node_modules.

  This option was added to help people using CircleCI avoid an issue around caching and patch file updates but might be useful in other contexts too.

• --patch-dir

  Specify the name for the directory in which the patch files are located

Notes

To apply patches individually, you may use git:

git apply --ignore-whitespace patches/package-name+0.44.2.patch

or patch in unixy environments:

patch -p1 -i patches/package-name+0.44.2.patch

Dev-only patches

If you deploy your package to production (e.g. your package is a server) then any patched devDependencies will not be present when patch-package runs in production. It will happily ignore those patch files if the package to be patched is listed directly in the devDependencies of your package.json. If it's a transitive dependency patch-package can't detect that it is safe to ignore and will throw an error. To fix this, mark patches for transitive dev dependencies as dev-only by renaming from, e.g.

package-name+0.44.0.patch

to

package-name+0.44.0.dev.patch

This will allow those patch files to be safely ignored when NODE_ENV=production.

Creating multiple patches for the same package

💡 This is an advanced feature and is not recommended unless you really, really need it.

Let's say you have a patch for react-native called

• patches/react-native+0.72.0.patch

If you want to add another patch file to react-native, you can use the --append flag while supplying a name for the patch.

Just make you changes inside node_modules/react-native then run e.g.

npx patch-package react-native --append 'fix-touchable-opacity'

This will create a new patch file while renaming the old patch file so that you now have:

• patches/react-native+0.72.0+001+initial.patch
• patches/react-native+0.72.0+002+fix-touchable-opacity.patch

The patches are ordered in a sequence, so that they can build on each other if necessary. Think of these as commits in a git history.

Updating a sequenced patch file

If the patch file is the last one in the sequence, you can just make your changes inside e.g. node_modules/react-native and then run

npx patch-package react-native

This will update the last patch file in the sequence.

If the patch file is not the last one in the sequence you need to use the --rebase feature to un-apply the succeeding patch files first.

Using the example above, let's say you want to update the 001+initial patch but leave the other patch alone. You can run

npx patch-package react-native --rebase patches/react-native+0.72.0+001+initial.patch

This will undo the 002-fix-touchable-opacity patch file. You can then make your changes and run

npx patch-package react-native

to finish the rebase by updating the 001+initial patch file and re-apply the 002-fix-touchable-opacity patch file, leaving you with all patches applied and up-to-date.

Inserting a new patch file in the middle of an existing sequence

Using the above example, let's say you want to insert a new patch file between the 001+initial and 002+fix-touchable-opacity patch files. You can run

npx patch-package react-native --rebase patches/react-native+0.72.0+001+initial.patch

This will undo the 002-fix-touchable-opacity patch file. You can then make any changes you want to insert in a new patch file and run

npx patch-package react-native --append 'fix-console-warnings'

This will create a new patch file while renaming any successive patches to maintain the sequence order, leaving you with

• patches/react-native+0.72.0+001+initial.patch
• patches/react-native+0.72.0+002+fix-console-warnings.patch
• patches/react-native+0.72.0+003+fix-touchable-opacity.patch

To insert a new patch file at the start of the sequence, you can run

npx patch-package react-native --rebase 0

Which will un-apply all patch files in the sequence. Then follow the process above to create a new patch file numbered 001.

Deleting a sequenced patch file

To delete a sequenced patch file, just delete it, then remove and reinstall your node_modules folder.

If you deleted one of the patch files other than the last one, you don't need to update the sequence numbers in the successive patch file names, but you might want to do so to keep things tidy.

Partially applying a broken patch file

Normally patch application is atomic per patch file. i.e. if a patch file contains an error anywhere then none of the changes in the patch file will be applied and saved to disk.

This can be problematic if you have a patch with many changes and you want to keep some of them and update others.

In this case you can use the --partial option. Patch-package will apply as many of the changes as it can and then leave it to you to fix the rest.

Any errors encountered will be written to a file ./patch-package-errors.log to help you keep track of what needs fixing.

Benefits of patching over forking

• Sometimes forks need extra build steps, e.g. with react-native for Android. Forget that noise.
• Get told in big red letters when the dependency changed and you need to check that your fix is still valid.
• Keep your patches colocated with the code that depends on them.
• Patches can be reviewed as part of your normal review process, forks probably can't

When to fork instead

• The change is too consequential to be developed in situ.
• The change would be useful to other people as-is.
• You can afford to make a proper PR to upstream.

Isn't this dangerous?

Nope. The technique is quite robust. Here are some things to keep in mind though:

• It's easy to forget to run yarn or npm when switching between branches that do and don't have patch files.
• Long lived patches can be costly to maintain if they affect an area of code that is updated regularly and you want to update the package regularly too.
• Big semantic changes can be hard to review. Keep them small and obvious or add plenty of comments.
• Changes can also impact the behaviour of other untouched packages. It's normally obvious when this will happen, and often desired, but be careful nonetheless.

Why use postinstall-postinstall with Yarn?

Most times when you do a yarn, yarn add, yarn remove, or yarn install (which is the same as just yarn) Yarn will completely replace the contents of your node_modules with freshly unpackaged modules. patch-package uses the postinstall hook to modify these fresh modules, so that they behave well according to your will.

Yarn only runs the postinstall hook after yarn and yarn add, but not after yarn remove. The postinstall-postinstall package is used to make sure your postinstall hook gets executed even after a yarn remove.

License

MIT

Changelog

8.0.0

• Add support for multiple patch files for a single package. #474

Breaking Changes

• Removed support for some very old legacy filename format stuff (pre-2019).