react-form-with-constraints

react-form-with-constraints

Simple form validation for React

• Installation: npm install react-form-with-constraints
• CDN: https://unpkg.com/react-form-with-constraints/dist/

Check the changelog for breaking changes and fixes between releases.

Introduction: what is HTML5 form validation?

⚠️ Client side validation is cosmetic, you should not rely on it to enforce security

<form>
  <label for="email">Email:</label>
  <input type="email" id="email" required>
  <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

The required HTML5 attribute specifies that the user must fill in a value, type="email" checks that the entered text looks like an email address.

Resources:

• Making Forms Fabulous with HTML5
• Constraint Validation: Native Client Side Validation for Web Forms
• MDN - Form data validation
• MDN - Form input types
• UX Research Articles - Usability Testing of Inline Form Validation

What react-form-with-constraints brings

• Minimal API and footprint
• Unobtrusive: easy to adapt regular React code
• HTML5 error messages personalization: <FieldFeedback when="valueMissing">My custom error message</FieldFeedback>
• Custom constraints: <FieldFeedback when={value => ...}>
• Warnings and infos: <FieldFeedback ... warning>, <FieldFeedback ... info>
• Async validation
• No dependency beside React (no Redux, MobX...)
• Re-render only what's necessary
• Easily extendable
• Bootstrap styling with npm package react-form-with-constraints-bootstrap
• Material-UI integration with npm package react-form-with-constraints-material-ui
• Support for React Native with npm package react-form-with-constraints-native
• ...

<input type="password" name="password"
       value={this.state.password} onChange={this.handleChange}
       required pattern=".{5,}" />
<FieldFeedbacks for="password">
  <FieldFeedback when="valueMissing" />
  <FieldFeedback when="patternMismatch">
    Should be at least 5 characters long
  </FieldFeedback>
  <FieldFeedback when={value => !/\d/.test(value)} warning>
    Should contain numbers
  </FieldFeedback>
  <FieldFeedback when={value => !/[a-z]/.test(value)} warning>
    Should contain small letters
  </FieldFeedback>
  <FieldFeedback when={value => !/[A-Z]/.test(value)} warning>
    Should contain capital letters
  </FieldFeedback>
</FieldFeedbacks>

Examples

• CodePen basic Password example: https://codepen.io/tkrotoff/pen/BRGdqL (StackBlitz version)

  

• Bootstrap example (React hooks)

• Material-UI example (React hooks)

• WizardForm example (React hooks)

• SignUp example (React classes)

• ClubMembers example (React classes + MobX)

• Password without state example (React hooks)

• Server-side rendering example (React hooks)

• React Native example (React classes):

  iOS	Android

• Other examples from the examples directory:

  • Plain old React form validation example (React hooks)
  • React with HTML5 constraint validation API example (React hooks)

How it works

The API works the same way as React Router:

<Router>
  <Route exact path="/" component={Home} />
  <Route path="/news" component={NewsFeed} />
</Router>

It is also inspired by AngularJS ngMessages.

If you had to implement validation yourself, you would end up with a global object that tracks errors for each field. react-form-with-constraints works similarly. It uses React context to share the FieldsStore object across FieldFeedbacks and FieldFeedback.

API

The API reads like this: "for field when constraint violation display feedback", example:

<FieldFeedbacks for="password">
  <FieldFeedback when="valueMissing" />
  <FieldFeedback when="patternMismatch">Should be at least 5 characters long</FieldFeedback>
</FieldFeedbacks>

for field "password"
  when constraint violation "valueMissing"    display <the HTML5 error message (*)>
  when constraint violation "patternMismatch" display "Should be at least 5 characters long"

(*) element.validationMessage

Async support works as follow:

<FieldFeedbacks for="username">
  <Async
    promise={checkUsernameAvailability} /* Function that returns a promise */
    then={available => available ?
      <FieldFeedback key="1" info style={{color: 'green'}}>Username available</FieldFeedback> :
      <FieldFeedback key="2">Username already taken, choose another</FieldFeedback>
      // Why key=*? Needed otherwise React gets buggy when the user rapidly changes the field
    }
  />
</FieldFeedbacks>

Trigger validation:

function MyForm() {
  const form = useRef(null);

  async function handleChange({ target }) {
    // Validates only the given fields and returns Promise<Field[]>
    await form.current.validateFields(target);
  }

  async function handleSubmit(e) {
    e.preventDefault();

    // Validates the non-dirty fields and returns Promise<Field[]>
    await form.current.validateForm();

    if (form.current.isValid()) console.log('The form is valid');
    else console.log('The form is invalid');
  }

  return (
    <FormWithConstraints ref={form} onSubmit={handleSubmit} noValidate>
      <input
        name="username"
        onChange={handleChange}
        required minLength={3}
      />
      <FieldFeedbacks for="username">
        <FieldFeedback when="tooShort">Too short</FieldFeedback>
        <Async
          promise={checkUsernameAvailability}
          then={available => available ?
            <FieldFeedback key="1" info style={{color: 'green'}}>Username available</FieldFeedback> :
            <FieldFeedback key="2">Username already taken, choose another</FieldFeedback>
          }
        />
        <FieldFeedback when="*" />
      </FieldFeedbacks>
    </FormWithConstraints>
  );
}

Important note:

If a field (i.e an <input>) does not have a matching FieldFeedbacks, the library won't known about this field (and thus won't perform validation). The field name should match FieldFeedbacks.for:

<input name="MY_FIELD" ...>
<FieldFeedbacks for="MY_FIELD">
  ...
</FieldFeedbacks>

• FieldFeedbacks

  • for: string => reference to a name attribute (e.g <input name="username">), should be unique to the current form
  • stop?: 'first' | 'first-error' | 'first-warning' | 'first-info' | 'no' => when to stop rendering FieldFeedbacks, by default stops at the first error encountered (FieldFeedbacks order matters)

  Note: you can place FieldFeedbacks anywhere, have as many as you want for the same field, nest them, mix them with FieldFeedback... Example:

  <input name="username" ... />
  
  <FieldFeedbacks for="username" stop="first-warning">
    <FieldFeedbacks>
      <FieldFeedback ... />
      <Async ... />
      <FieldFeedbacks stop="first-info">
        ...
      </FieldFeedbacks>
    </FieldFeedbacks>
  
    <FieldFeedback ... />
    <Async ... />
  </FieldFeedbacks>
  
  <FieldFeedbacks for="username" stop="no">
    ...
  </FieldFeedbacks>
  

• FieldFeedback

  • when?:
    • ValidityState as a string => HTML5 constraint violation name
    • '*' => matches any HTML5 constraint violation
    • 'valid' => displays the feedback only if the field is valid
    • (value: string) => boolean => custom constraint
  • error?: boolean => treats the feedback as an error (default)
  • warning?: boolean => treats the feedback as a warning
  • info?: boolean => treats the feedback as an info
  • children => what to display when the constraint matches; if missing, displays the HTML5 error message if any

• Async<T> => Async version of FieldFeedback (similar API as react-promise)

  • promise: (value: string) => Promise<T> => a promise you want to wait for
  • pending?: React.ReactNode => runs when promise is pending
  • then?: (value: T) => React.ReactNode => runs when promise is resolved
  • catch?: (reason: any) => React.ReactNode => runs when promise is rejected

• FormWithConstraints

  • validateFields(...inputsOrNames: Array<Input | string>): Promise<Field[]> => Should be called when a field changes, will re-render the proper FieldFeedbacks (and update the internal FieldsStore). Without arguments, all fields ($('[name]')) are validated.

  • validateFieldsWithoutFeedback(...inputsOrNames: Array<Input | string>): Promise<Field[]> => Validates only all non-dirty fields (won't re-validate fields that have been already validated with validateFields()), If you want to force re-validate all fields, use validateFields(). Might be renamed to validateNonDirtyFieldsOnly() or validateFieldsNotDirtyOnly() in the future?

  • validateForm(): Promise<Field[]> => Same as validateFieldsWithoutFeedback() without arguments, typically called before to submit the form. Might be removed in the future?

  • isValid(): boolean => should be called after validateFields(), validateFieldsWithoutFeedback() or validateForm(), indicates if the fields are valid

  • hasFeedbacks(): boolean => indicates if any of the fields have any kind of feedback

  • resetFields(...inputsOrNames: Array<Input | string>): Field[] => Resets the given fields and re-render the proper FieldFeedbacks. Without arguments, all fields ($('[name]')) are reset.

  • Field =>

    {
      name: string;
      validations: { // FieldFeedbackValidation[]
        key: number;
        type: 'error' | 'warning' | 'info' | 'whenValid';
        show: boolean | undefined;
      }[];
      isValid: () => boolean
    }
    

• Input

  If you want to style <input>, use <Input> instead: it will add classes is-pending, has-errors, has-warnings, has-infos and/or is-valid on <input> when the field is validated.

  Example: <Input name="username" /> can generate <input name="username" class="has-errors has-warnings">

  FYI react-form-with-constraints-bootstrap and react-form-with-constraints-material-ui already style the fields to match their respective frameworks.

Browser support

react-form-with-constraints needs ValidityState which is supported by all modern browsers and IE 11. It also needs a polyfill such as core-js to support IE 11, see React JavaScript Environment Requirements.

You can use HTML5 attributes like type="email", required, minlength...

<label htmlFor="email">Email</label>
<input type="email" name="email" id="email"
       value={this.state.email} onChange={this.handleChange}
       required />
<FieldFeedbacks for="email">
  <FieldFeedback when="*" />
</FieldFeedbacks>

...and/or rely on when functions:

<label htmlFor="email">Email</label>
<input name="email" id="email"
       value={this.state.email} onChange={this.handleChange} />
<FieldFeedbacks for="email">
  <FieldFeedback when={value => value.length === 0}>Please fill out this field.</FieldFeedback>
  <FieldFeedback when={value => !/\S+@\S+/.test(value)}>Invalid email address.</FieldFeedback>
</FieldFeedbacks>

In the last case you will have to manage translations yourself (see SignUp example).

Notes

• A type="hidden", readonly or disabled input won't trigger any HTML5 form constraint validation like required, see https://codepen.io/tkrotoff/pen/gdjVNv