# esptool.py

A Python-based, open-source, platform-independent utility to communicate with the ROM bootloader in Espressif chips.

[![Test esptool](https://github.com/espressif/esptool/actions/workflows/test_esptool.yml/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/espressif/esptool/actions/workflows/test_esptool.yml) [![Build esptool](https://github.com/espressif/esptool/actions/workflows/build_esptool.yml/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/espressif/esptool/actions/workflows/build_esptool.yml)

## Documentation

Visit the [documentation](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esptool/) or run `esptool.py -h`.

## Contribute

If you're interested in contributing to esptool.py, please check the [contributions guide](https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esptool/en/latest/contributing.html).

## About

esptool.py was initially created by Fredrik Ahlberg (@[themadinventor](https://github.com/themadinventor/)), and later maintained by Angus Gratton (@[projectgus](https://github.com/projectgus/)). It is now supported by Espressif Systems. It has also received improvements from many members of the community.

## License

This document and the attached source code are released as Free Software under GNU General Public License Version 2 or later. See the accompanying [LICENSE file](https://github.com/espressif/esptool/blob/master/LICENSE) for a copy.


A serial utility to communicate & flash code to Espressif chips. 

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esptool

A serial utility to communicate & flash code to Espressif chips.

espressif

radim

(Experimental) An ambiguous license classifier was found.

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Ambiguous License Classifier

Source files are encoded using a non-standard text encoding.

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Bad text encoding

Package version is not a valid semantic version (semver).

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Bad semver

Package has dependencies with an invalid semantic version. This could be a sign of beta, low quality, or unmaintained dependencies.

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Bad dependency semver

Source files contain bidirectional unicode control characters. This could indicate a Trojan source supply chain attack. See: trojansource.codes for more information.

What are bidirectional unicode control characters?

Bidirectional unicode control characters

This package has multiple bin scripts with the same name. This can cause non-deterministic behavior when installing or could be a sign of a supply chain attack.

What is bin script confusion?

Bin script confusion

Semantic versions published out of chronological order.

What is a chronological version anomaly?

Chronological version anomaly

Project maintainer's SSH key has been compromised.

What is a compromised SSH key?

Compromised SSH key

(Experimental) Copyleft license information was found.

What do I need to know about license files?

Copyleft License

Contains a Critical Common Vulnerability and Exposure (CVE).

What is a critical CVE?

Title

Critical CVE

Contains a high severity Common Vulnerability and Exposure (CVE).

What is a CVE?

High CVE

Uses debug, reflection and dynamic code execution features.

What is debug access?

Debug access

The maintainer of the package marked it as deprecated. This could indicate that a single version should not be used, or that the package is no longer maintained and any new vulnerabilities will not be fixed.

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Deprecated

(Experimental) Contains a known deprecated SPDX license exception.

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Deprecated SPDX exception

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Deprecated license

Package name is similar to other popular packages and may not be the package you want.

What is a typosquat?

Possible typosquat attack

Dynamic require can indicate the package is performing dangerous or unsafe dynamic code execution.

What is dynamic require?

Dynamic require

Package does not contain any code. It may be removed, is name squatting, or the result of a faulty package publish.

What is an empty package?

Empty package

Package accesses environment variables, which may be a sign of credential stuffing or data theft.

What is environment variable access?

Environment variable access

(Experimental) Something was found which is explicitly marked as unlicensed.

Explicitly Unlicensed Item

Package optionally loads a dependency which is not specified within any of the package.json dependency fields. It may inadvertently be importing dependencies specified by other packages.

What are extraneous dependencies?

Name

Extraneous dependency

Contains a dependency which resolves to a file. This can obfuscate analysis and serves no useful purpose.

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File dependency

Accesses the file system, and could potentially read sensitive data.

What is filesystem access?

Filesystem access

Package has a dependency with a floating version range. This can cause issues if the dependency publishes a new major version.

What are wildcard dependencies?

Wildcard dependency

Contains a dependency which resolves to a remote git URL. Dependencies fetched from git URLs are not immutable and can be used to inject untrusted code or reduce the likelihood of a reproducible install.

What are git dependencies?

Git dependency

Contains a dependency which resolves to a GitHub URL. Dependencies fetched from GitHub specifiers are not immutable can be used to inject untrusted code or reduce the likelihood of a reproducible install.

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GitHub dependency

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AI-detected potential code anomaly

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AI-detected potential malware

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AI-detected potential security risk

Contains native code (e.g., compiled binaries or shared libraries). Including native code can obscure malicious behavior.

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Native code

Contains high entropy strings. This could be a sign of encrypted data, leaked secrets or obfuscated code.

What are high entropy strings?

High entropy strings

Contains unicode homoglyphs which can be used in supply chain confusion attacks.

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Unicode homoglyphs

Contains a dependency which resolves to a remote HTTP URL which could be used to inject untrusted code and reduce overall package reliability.

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HTTP dependency

Install scripts are run when the package is installed. The majority of malware in npm is hidden in install scripts.

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Install scripts

Package has an invalid manifest file and can cause installation problems if you try to use it.

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Invalid manifest file

Source files contain invisible characters. This could indicate source obfuscation or a supply chain attack.

What are invisible characters?

Invisible chars

(Experimental) Package license has recently changed.

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License change

(Experimental) Contains an SPDX license exception.

What is a license exception?

License exception

This package is not allowed per your license policy. Review the package's license to ensure compliance.

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License Policy Violation

Contains long string literals, which may be a sign of obfuscated or packed code.

What's wrong with long strings?

Long strings

Package has recently undergone a major refactor. It may be unstable or indicate significant internal changes. Use caution when updating to versions that include significant changes.

What is a major refactor?

Major refactor

This package is malware. We have asked the package registry to remove it.

What is known malware?

Known malware

This package has inconsistent metadata. This could be malicious or caused by an error when publishing the package.

What is manifest confusion?

Manifest confusion

Contains a medium severity Common Vulnerability and Exposure (CVE).

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Medium CVE

Contains a low severity Common Vulnerability and Exposure (CVE).

What is a mild CVE?

Low CVE

This package contains minified code. This may be harmless in some cases where minified code is included in packaged libraries, however packages on npm should not minify code.

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Minified code

(Experimental) A package's licensing information has fine-grained problems.

Misc. License Issues

The package was published by an npm account that no longer exists.

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Non-existent author

A required dependency is not declared in package.json and may prevent the package from working.

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(Experimental) Package does not have a license and consumption legal status is unknown.

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Missing license

This package is missing its tarball. It could be removed from the npm registry or there may have been an error when publishing.

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Missing package tarball

(Experimental) Package contains multiple licenses.

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Mixed license

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Modified license exception

(Experimental) Package contains a modified version of an SPDX license. Please read carefully before using this code.

What is a modified license?

Modified license

What is network access?

Network access

A new npm collaborator published a version of the package for the first time. New collaborators are usually benign additions to a project, but do indicate a change to the security surface area of a package.

What is new author?

New author

Package does not specify a list of contributors or an author in package.json.

Why is contributor and author data important?

No contributors or author data

Package does not have a linked bug tracker in package.json.

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No bug tracker

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Package does not have a linked source code repository. Without this field, a package will have no reference to the location of the source code use to generate the package.

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No repository

Package does not have any tests. This is a strong signal of a poorly maintained or low quality package.

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No tests

Package is not semver >=1. This means it is not stable and does not support ^ ranges.

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