nfte-pyr

Pyr

pyr [TARGET [OPT..] [ARG..]]

Pyr is an experimental Python front-end to replace "python file", "python -m module", and even "python -c code".

• Pyr isolates Python (-I).
• Pyr parses command lines consistently.
• Pyr handles signals.

Quick Example

$ cat >example <<'END'
#!/usr/bin/env /path/to/pyr
import pyr

def main(opts, args):
    print(f"{opts = }")
    print(f"{args = }")
    pyr.print_info("info")
    pyr.print_error("message")
    return "exit"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    pyr.run(main)
END
$ chmod +x example
$ ./example -a -b1 --cc --dd= --ee=2 foo 'bar baz'
opts = [('a', None), ('b', '1'), ('cc', None), ('dd', ''), ('ee', '2')]
args = ['foo', 'bar baz']
example: info
example error: message
example error: exit

Options & Arguments

Options must come before all arguments. All options follow identical syntax in two flavors: short and long. Short options have a hyphen, a single-character name, and an optional value. Long options have two hyphens, a name, and optionally an equals with a possibly-empty value. Long options can distinguish an empty value from no value, eg. --empty= vs --no-value. An option with a single-character name can used as either a short or long option (eg. -nv, --n=v). Option names cannot contain ASCII punctuation other than "+-.:_", though punctuation should be used sparingly.

Arguments follow all options. The first argument either starts without a hyphen or is one of two special arguments: "-" (which is retained) or "--" (which is discarded).

Combining Short Options

The special "+" option combines short options. This is parsed consistently, so that "-+abc", "-a -b -c", and "--+=abc" are all equivalent and indistinguishable. This avoids the problem where combined options cannot be parsed without knowing which options take a value.

Signal Exits

By default, Python shows tracebacks for several signals, such as SIGINT and SIGPIPE. Instead, Pyr exits without traceback using an exit code of 128 plus the signal number, like several common Unix tools. Option --signal-tb will instead re-raise these exceptions to show tracebacks. Pyr includes signal management in module pyr.sigexcept.

Use doc/yes.py and doc/date.py to see differences with SIGPIPE:

$ pyr doc/yes.py | head -n1
y

$ yes | head -n1
y

$ python3 -c 'while True: print("y")' | head -n1
y
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
BrokenPipeError: [Errno 32] Broken pipe

$ pyr doc/date.py | true
[no output]

$ date | true
[no output]

$ python3 -c 'import datetime; print(datetime.datetime.now())' | true
Exception ignored while flushing sys.stdout:
BrokenPipeError: [Errno 32] Broken pipe

Use doc/sigint and doc/sleep.py to see differences with SIGINT:

$ doc/sigint pyr doc/sleep.py
[no output]

$ doc/sigint python3 -c 'import time; time.sleep(3)'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
KeyboardInterrupt