# Patsy

**Notice:** `patsy` is no longer under active development. As of August 2021,
Matthew Wardrop (@matthewwardrop) and Tomás Capretto (@tomicapretto) have taken
on responsibility from Nathaniel Smith (@njsmith) for keeping the lights on, but
no new feature development is planned. The spiritual successor of this project
is [Formulaic](https://github.com/matthewwardrop/formulaic), and we
recommend that users [migrate](https://matthewwardrop.github.io/formulaic/migration/)
when possible. For the time being, until major software packages have successfully
transitioned, we will attempt to keep `patsy` working in its current state with
current releases in the Python ecosystem.

---

Patsy is a Python library for describing statistical models
(especially linear models, or models that have a linear component) and
building design matrices. Patsy brings the convenience of [R](http://www.r-project.org/) "formulas" to Python.

[![PyPI - Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/patsy.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/spec-classes/)
![PyPI - Python Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/patsy.svg)
![https://patsy.readthedocs.io/](https://img.shields.io/badge/docs-read%20now-blue.svg)
![PyPI - Status](https://img.shields.io/pypi/status/patsy.svg)
![https://coveralls.io/r/pydata/patsy?branch=master](https://coveralls.io/repos/pydata/patsy/badge.png?branch=master)
![https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.592075](https://zenodo.org/badge/DOI/10.5281/zenodo.592075.svg)

- **Documentation:** <https://patsy.readthedocs.io/>
- **Downloads:** <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/patsy/>
- **Code and issues:** <https://github.com/pydata/patsy>
- **Mailing list:** <pydata@googlegroups.com> (<http://groups.google.com/group/pydata>)


## Dependencies

  * Python (3.6+)
  * numpy
  * Optional:
    * pytest/pytest-cov: needed to run tests
    * scipy: needed for spline-related functions like ``bs``

## Installation
  ``pip install patsy`` (or, for traditionalists: ``python setup.py install``)

## License

2-clause BSD, see LICENSE.txt for details.




A Python package for describing statistical models and for building design matrices. 

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patsy

A Python package for describing statistical models and for building design matrices.

mister.wardrop

tcapretto

(Experimental) An ambiguous license classifier was found.

What is an ambiguous license classifier?

Ambiguous License Classifier

Source files are encoded using a non-standard text encoding.

What is bad text encoding?

Bad text encoding

Package version is not a valid semantic version (semver).

What is bad semver?

Bad semver

Package has dependencies with an invalid semantic version. This could be a sign of beta, low quality, or unmaintained dependencies.

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Bad dependency semver

Source files contain bidirectional unicode control characters. This could indicate a Trojan source supply chain attack. See: trojansource.codes for more information.

What are bidirectional unicode control characters?

Bidirectional unicode control characters

This package has multiple bin scripts with the same name. This can cause non-deterministic behavior when installing or could be a sign of a supply chain attack.

What is bin script confusion?

Bin script confusion

Semantic versions published out of chronological order.

What is a chronological version anomaly?

Chronological version anomaly

Project maintainer's SSH key has been compromised.

What is a compromised SSH key?

Compromised SSH key

(Experimental) Copyleft license information was found.

What do I need to know about license files?

Copyleft License

Contains a Critical Common Vulnerability and Exposure (CVE).

What is a critical CVE?

Title

Critical CVE

Contains a high severity Common Vulnerability and Exposure (CVE).

What is a CVE?

High CVE

Uses debug, reflection and dynamic code execution features.

What is debug access?

Debug access

The maintainer of the package marked it as deprecated. This could indicate that a single version should not be used, or that the package is no longer maintained and any new vulnerabilities will not be fixed.

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Deprecated

(Experimental) Contains a known deprecated SPDX license exception.

What is a deprecated SPDX exception?

Deprecated SPDX exception

(Experimental) License is deprecated which may have legal implications regarding the package's use.

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Deprecated license

Package name is similar to other popular packages and may not be the package you want.

What is a typosquat?

Possible typosquat attack

Dynamic require can indicate the package is performing dangerous or unsafe dynamic code execution.

What is dynamic require?

Dynamic require

Package does not contain any code. It may be removed, is name squatting, or the result of a faulty package publish.

What is an empty package?

Empty package

Package accesses environment variables, which may be a sign of credential stuffing or data theft.

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Environment variable access

(Experimental) Something was found which is explicitly marked as unlicensed.

Explicitly Unlicensed Item

Package optionally loads a dependency which is not specified within any of the package.json dependency fields. It may inadvertently be importing dependencies specified by other packages.

What are extraneous dependencies?

Name

Extraneous dependency

Contains a dependency which resolves to a file. This can obfuscate analysis and serves no useful purpose.

What are file dependencies?

File dependency

Accesses the file system, and could potentially read sensitive data.

What is filesystem access?

Filesystem access

Package has a dependency with a floating version range. This can cause issues if the dependency publishes a new major version.

What are wildcard dependencies?

Wildcard dependency

Contains a dependency which resolves to a remote git URL. Dependencies fetched from git URLs are not immutable and can be used to inject untrusted code or reduce the likelihood of a reproducible install.

What are git dependencies?

Git dependency

Contains a dependency which resolves to a GitHub URL. Dependencies fetched from GitHub specifiers are not immutable can be used to inject untrusted code or reduce the likelihood of a reproducible install.

What are GitHub dependencies?

GitHub dependency

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AI-detected potential code anomaly

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AI-detected possible typosquat

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AI-detected potential malware

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AI-detected potential security risk

Contains native code (e.g., compiled binaries or shared libraries). Including native code can obscure malicious behavior.

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Native code

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High entropy strings

Contains unicode homoglyphs which can be used in supply chain confusion attacks.

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Unicode homoglyphs

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HTTP dependency

Install scripts are run when the package is installed. The majority of malware in npm is hidden in install scripts.

What is an install script?

Install scripts

Package has an invalid manifest file and can cause installation problems if you try to use it.

What is an invalid manifest file?

Invalid manifest file

Source files contain invisible characters. This could indicate source obfuscation or a supply chain attack.

What are invisible characters?

Invisible chars

(Experimental) Package license has recently changed.

What is a license change?

License change

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What is a license exception?

License exception

This package is not allowed per your license policy. Review the package's license to ensure compliance.

What is a license policy violation?

License Policy Violation

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What's wrong with long strings?

Long strings

Package has recently undergone a major refactor. It may be unstable or indicate significant internal changes. Use caution when updating to versions that include significant changes.

What is a major refactor?

Major refactor

This package is malware. We have asked the package registry to remove it.

What is known malware?

Known malware

This package has inconsistent metadata. This could be malicious or caused by an error when publishing the package.

What is manifest confusion?

Manifest confusion

Contains a medium severity Common Vulnerability and Exposure (CVE).

What is a medium CVE?

Medium CVE

Contains a low severity Common Vulnerability and Exposure (CVE).

What is a mild CVE?

Low CVE

This package contains minified code. This may be harmless in some cases where minified code is included in packaged libraries, however packages on npm should not minify code.

What's wrong with minified code?

Minified code

(Experimental) A package's licensing information has fine-grained problems.

Misc. License Issues

The package was published by an npm account that no longer exists.

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Non-existent author

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What is a missing dependency?

Missing dependency

(Experimental) Package does not have a license and consumption legal status is unknown.

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Missing license

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What is a missing tarball?

Missing package tarball

(Experimental) Package contains multiple licenses.

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Mixed license

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Modified license exception

(Experimental) Package contains a modified version of an SPDX license. Please read carefully before using this code.

What is a modified license?

Modified license

What is network access?

Network access

A new npm collaborator published a version of the package for the first time. New collaborators are usually benign additions to a project, but do indicate a change to the security surface area of a package.

What is new author?

New author

Package does not specify a list of contributors or an author in package.json.

Why is contributor and author data important?

No contributors or author data

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Why are bug trackers important?

No bug tracker

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No README

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Why are missing repositories important?

No repository

Package does not have any tests. This is a strong signal of a poorly maintained or low quality package.

What does no tests mean?

No tests

Package is not semver >=1. This means it is not stable and does not support ^ ranges.

patsy

Patsy

Dependencies

Installation

License

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