py-tiny-orm

py-tiny-orm - A Minimal SQLite ORM

py-tiny-orm is a minimal Object-relational mapping system which stores python classes in SQLite.

Classes in your code extend the base classes provided by this module, and a backing model is automatically generated. This model can then be applied to an SQLite cursor, and data read, updated, or searched.

See the quick start exmaple.

• (Simple) Tables
  • "Table" Data Class
  • "TableModel" Model Class
    • TableModel.all
    • TableModel.get
    • TableModel.get_many
    • TableModel.search
    • TableModel.store
• Join Tables
  • "JoinTable" Data Class
  • "JoinModel" Model Class
    • JoinModel.of_left / of_right
    • JoinModel.ids_for_left / ids_for_right
    • JoinModel.from_left / from_right
    • JoinModel.clear_left / clear_right
    • JoinModel.store
    • JoinModel.remove

(Simple) Tables

"Table" Data Class

A "Table" is a data structure that contains program defined fields. They MUST inherited from orm.Table and contain typed properties, so that the model can be generated.

The following data types can be used:

Python Type	SQLite Type
int	INTEGER
str	TEXT
bytes	BLOB
float	REAL
bool	SMALLINT
Optional[ x ]	x will not have NOT NULL
Table	INT + FOREIGN KEY

"TableModel" Model Class

The Model generated for these tables is of the type TableModel. You retrieved this from the Table class method model passing a sqlite cursor. Table.create_tables method generates the table in the database.

with sqlite3.connect(":memory:") as conn:
    cursor = conn.cursor()

    MyJoinTable.create_table(cursor)
    model = MyJoinTalbe.model(cursor)

TableModel.all

all(self) -> 'List[ModelledTable]'

Returns all records on the current table.

Note: records will be loaded into memory before being returned, in order to optimise the number of queries to realted tables.

TableModel.get

get(self, unique_id: int) -> Optional[T]

Gets a record by ID, or None if no record with that ID exists.

TableModel.get_many

get_many(self, *ids: int) -> Dict[int, T]

Gets all records that exist with ID in the supplied list.

Entries in the dict are not generated for records which do not exist.

TableModel.search

search(self, **kwargs: Any) -> List[T]

Gets records for this model which match the given filters.

You can filter using any field in the table, or by a foreign object.

class Foo(Table["Foo"]):
    foo_id: int

    class Bar(Table["Bar"]
        bar_id: int
        foo: Foo
        name: str

    # Search by standard field
    Bar.model(cursor).search(name="Hello")

    # Search by foreign ID
    Bar.model(cursor).search(foo_id=1)

    # Search by foreign object
    Bar.model(cursor).search(foo=Foo(1))

    # Search by local ID
    # NOTE: This is value, but using Model.get() is faster.
    Bar.model(cursor).search(bar_id=123)

TableModel.store

store(self, record: T) -> bool

Writes a record to the database.

In all cases, this is done as an INSERT OR REPLACE statement. If the ID field is not set, this may cause the ID of a record to change, where it is matched via a unique key.

The ID field will be updated with the inserted row's ID.

Join Tables

A Join table represents a many-to-many mapping between two simple Tables. These tables are referred to as the Left and Right tables; operations are however bi-directional.

"JoinTable" Data Class

The data entity for a 'Join' Table.

A JoinTable has precisely two fields, which are foreign keys to two other regular Tables, called Left and Right.

    class RoleMapping(JoinTable[User, Role]):
        user: User
        role: Role

Note that the JoinModel does not currently return instances of the JoinTable, but future features might; instead functions will return sequences of the "Left" or "Right" Tables, based on the calls made.

"JoinModel" Model Class

As with Table, the model is retrieved from the class method model using an sqlite3 cursor, and a create_tables method is available to generate the table in the database.

with sqlite3.connect(":memory:") as conn:
    cursor = conn.cursor()

    MyJoinTable.create_table(cursor)
    model = MyJoinTalbe.model(cursor)

JoinModel.of_left / of_right

of_left(self, left: Left) -> List[Right] of_right(self, right: Right) -> List[Left]

Returns all records which map to a given record.

JoinModel.ids_for_left / ids_for_right

ids_for_left(self, left: Left) -> List[int] ids_for_right(self, left: Right) -> List[int]

Returns all ids present which map to a given record.

This is the same extracting the IDs from the records returned by the of_left/of_right function, but saves the overhead of doing any extra foreign key lookups.

JoinModel.from_left / from_right

from_left(self, **kwargs: Any) -> List[Right] from_right(self, **kwargs: Any) -> List[Left]

Returns all unique Right records which map to Left records that match the given search criteria. No information about which Left they matched is maintained.

This will have the same result as:

    rights = Left.model().search(**kwargs)
    lefts = {}

    for right in right:
        lefts = join_model.of_right(right)
        lefts.update({l.left_id: l for l in lefts})

    return lefts.values()

but this function will be considerably more efficient.

JoinModel.clear_left / clear_right

clear_left(self, left: Left) -> None clear_right(self, right: Right) -> None

Deletes all records in the join table that feature the given record

JoinModel.store

store(self, left: Left, right: Right) -> bool

Adds a mapping between the supplied Left and Right

No action is taken if this mapping already exists

JoinModel.remove

remove(self, left: Left, right: Right) -> bool

Removes a mapping between the supplied Left and Right.

No action is taken if this mapping does not exist.