@serenity-js/web - npm Package Compare versions

Comparing version 3.0.0-rc.13 to 3.0.0-rc.14

lib/errors/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

lib/expectations/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

lib/expectations/isVisible.d.ts

@@ -5,3 +5,6 @@ import { Expectation } from '@serenity-js/core';
  * @desc
- *  Expectation that the element is present in the DOM of the page and visible.
+ *  Expectation that the element is present in the DOM of the page and:
+ *  - is not hidden, so doesn't have `display: none`, `visibility: hidden` or `opacity: 0`
+ *  - is within the browser viewport
+ *  - doesn't have its centre covered by other elements
  *
@@ -8,0 +11,0 @@ * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~Expectation<boolean, Element<'async'>>}

lib/expectations/isVisible.js

@@ -7,3 +7,6 @@ "use strict";
  * @desc
- *  Expectation that the element is present in the DOM of the page and visible.
+ *  Expectation that the element is present in the DOM of the page and:
+ *  - is not hidden, so doesn't have `display: none`, `visibility: hidden` or `opacity: 0`
+ *  - is within the browser viewport
+ *  - doesn't have its centre covered by other elements
  *
@@ -10,0 +13,0 @@ * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~Expectation<boolean, Element<'async'>>}

lib/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

lib/input/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

lib/screenplay/abilities/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

lib/screenplay/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

lib/screenplay/interactions/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

lib/screenplay/models/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

lib/screenplay/models/PageElement.d.ts

@@ -52,3 +52,12 @@ import { Answerable, Optional, QuestionAdapter } from '@serenity-js/core';
     abstract isSelected(): Promise<boolean>;
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Checks if the PageElement:
+     *  - is not hidden, so doesn't have CSS style like `display: none`, `visibility: hidden` or `opacity: 0`
+     *  - is within the browser viewport
+     *  - doesn't have its centre covered by other elements
+     *
+     * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+     */
     abstract isVisible(): Promise<boolean>;
 }

lib/screenplay/models/PageElement.js

@@ -18,5 +18,4 @@ "use strict";
     }
-    // todo: review usages and consider removing if not used
     static of(childElement, parentElement) {
-        return core_1.Question.about((0, core_1.d) `${childElement} of ${parentElement})`, async (actor) => {
+        return core_1.Question.about((0, core_1.d) `${childElement} of ${parentElement}`, async (actor) => {
             const child = await actor.answer(childElement);
@@ -23,0 +22,0 @@ const parent = await actor.answer(parentElement);

lib/screenplay/models/PageElements.js

@@ -19,3 +19,3 @@ "use strict";
         return new PageElements(relativeToParent(this.locator, parent))
-            .describedAs(`<<${this.toString()}>>` + (0, core_1.f) `.of(${parent})`);
+            .describedAs(`${this.toString()} of ${parent}`);
     }
@@ -37,3 +37,3 @@ }
 function relativeToParent(relativeLocator, parent) {
-    return core_1.Question.about(relativeLocator.toString() + (0, core_1.f) `.of${parent}`, async (actor) => {
+    return core_1.Question.about(`${relativeLocator.toString()} of ${parent}`, async (actor) => {
         const locator = await actor.answer(relativeLocator);
@@ -40,0 +40,0 @@ const parentElement = await actor.answer(parent);

lib/screenplay/models/selectors/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

lib/screenplay/questions/Attribute.d.ts

@@ -1,8 +0,6 @@
-import { Answerable, AnswersQuestions, MetaQuestion, Question, UsesAbilities } from '@serenity-js/core';
+import { Answerable, AnswersQuestions, MetaQuestion, Question, QuestionAdapter, UsesAbilities } from '@serenity-js/core';
 import { PageElement } from '../models';
-import { ElementQuestion } from './ElementQuestion';
 /**
  * @desc
- *  Returns the value of the given HTML attribute of a given {@link WebElement},
- *  represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>
+ *  Returns the value of the specified HTML attribute of a given {@link PageElement}.
  *
@@ -16,33 +14,56 @@ * @example <caption>Example widget</caption>
  *
- * @example <caption>Retrieve a HTML attribute of a given WebElement</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Retrieve an HTML attribute of a given PageElement</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { Attribute, by, BrowseTheWeb, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { Attribute, By, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const shoppingList = () =>
- *      Target.the('shopping list').located(by.id('shopping-list'))
+ *      PageElement.located(By.id('shopping-list')).describedAs('shopping list');
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
- *          Ensure.that(Attribute.called('data-items-left').of(shoppingList()), equals('2')),
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              Attribute.called('data-items-left').of(shoppingList()),
+ *              equals('2')
+ *          ),
  *      )
  *
- * @example <caption>Find WebElements with a given attribute</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Using Attribute as QuestionAdapter</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
+ *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
+ *  import { Attribute, By, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *
+ *  const shoppingList = () =>
+ *      PageElement.located(By.css('#shopping-list')).describedAs('shopping list')
+ *
+ *  actorCalled('Lisa')
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
+ *      .attemptsTo(
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              Attribute.called('id').of(shoppingList()).toLocaleUpperCase(),
+ *              equals('SHOPPING-LIST')
+ *          ),
+ *      )
+ *
+ * @example <caption>Find PageElements with a given attribute</caption>
+ *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, includes } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { Attribute, BrowseTheWeb, by, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { Attribute, By, PageElements } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  class ShoppingList {
  *      static items = () =>
- *          Target.all('items')
- *              .located(by.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *          PageElements.located(By.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *              .describedAs('items');
  *
  *      static outstandingItems = () =>
- *          ShoppingList.items
- *              .where(Attribute.called('data-state'), includes('buy'))
+ *          ShoppingList.items()
+ *              .where(Attribute.called('data-state'), includes('buy'));
  *  }
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -55,9 +76,13 @@ *          Ensure.that(
  *
- * @extends {ElementQuestion}
+ * @extends {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}
  * @implements {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
  */
-export declare class Attribute extends ElementQuestion<Promise<string>> implements MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>> {
+export declare class Attribute extends Question<Promise<string>> implements MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>> {
     private readonly name;
     private readonly element?;
     /**
+     * @private
+     */
+    private subject;
+    /**
      * @param {Answerable<string>} name
@@ -71,16 +96,28 @@ * @returns {Attribute}
      */
-    constructor(name: Answerable<string>, element?: Answerable<PageElement>);
+    protected constructor(name: Answerable<string>, element?: Answerable<PageElement>);
     /**
      * @desc
-     *  Resolves to the value of a HTML attribute of the `target` element,
-     *  located in the context of a `parent` element.
+     *  Resolves to the value of an HTML attribute of the `target` element,
+     *  located within the `parent` element.
      *
-     * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} parent
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>>}
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} parent
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string>}
      *
-     * @see {@link Target.all}
      * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
      */
-    of(parent: Answerable<PageElement>): Question<Promise<string>>;
+    of(parent: Answerable<PageElement>): QuestionAdapter<string> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>>;
     answeredBy(actor: AnswersQuestions & UsesAbilities): Promise<string>;
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Changes the description of this question's subject.
+     *
+     * @param {string} subject
+     * @returns {Question<T>}
+     */
+    describedAs(subject: string): this;
+    /**
+     * @returns {string}
+     *  Returns a human-readable representation of this {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}.
+     */
+    toString(): string;
 }

lib/screenplay/questions/Attribute.js

@@ -6,7 +6,5 @@ "use strict";
 const models_1 = require("../models");
-const ElementQuestion_1 = require("./ElementQuestion");
 /**
  * @desc
- *  Returns the value of the given HTML attribute of a given {@link WebElement},
- *  represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>
+ *  Returns the value of the specified HTML attribute of a given {@link PageElement}.
  *
@@ -20,33 +18,56 @@ * @example <caption>Example widget</caption>
  *
- * @example <caption>Retrieve a HTML attribute of a given WebElement</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Retrieve an HTML attribute of a given PageElement</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { Attribute, by, BrowseTheWeb, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { Attribute, By, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const shoppingList = () =>
- *      Target.the('shopping list').located(by.id('shopping-list'))
+ *      PageElement.located(By.id('shopping-list')).describedAs('shopping list');
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
- *          Ensure.that(Attribute.called('data-items-left').of(shoppingList()), equals('2')),
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              Attribute.called('data-items-left').of(shoppingList()),
+ *              equals('2')
+ *          ),
  *      )
  *
- * @example <caption>Find WebElements with a given attribute</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Using Attribute as QuestionAdapter</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
+ *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
+ *  import { Attribute, By, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *
+ *  const shoppingList = () =>
+ *      PageElement.located(By.css('#shopping-list')).describedAs('shopping list')
+ *
+ *  actorCalled('Lisa')
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
+ *      .attemptsTo(
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              Attribute.called('id').of(shoppingList()).toLocaleUpperCase(),
+ *              equals('SHOPPING-LIST')
+ *          ),
+ *      )
+ *
+ * @example <caption>Find PageElements with a given attribute</caption>
+ *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, includes } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { Attribute, BrowseTheWeb, by, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { Attribute, By, PageElements } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  class ShoppingList {
  *      static items = () =>
- *          Target.all('items')
- *              .located(by.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *          PageElements.located(By.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *              .describedAs('items');
  *
  *      static outstandingItems = () =>
- *          ShoppingList.items
- *              .where(Attribute.called('data-state'), includes('buy'))
+ *          ShoppingList.items()
+ *              .where(Attribute.called('data-state'), includes('buy'));
  *  }
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -59,6 +80,6 @@ *          Ensure.that(
  *
- * @extends {ElementQuestion}
+ * @extends {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}
  * @implements {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
  */
-class Attribute extends ElementQuestion_1.ElementQuestion {
+class Attribute extends core_1.Question {
     /**
@@ -69,5 +90,8 @@ * @param {Answerable<string>} name
     constructor(name, element) {
-        super(`"${name}" attribute of ${element}`);
+        super();
         this.name = name;
         this.element = element;
+        this.subject = element
+            ? (0, core_1.d) `${name} attribute of ${element}`
+            : (0, core_1.d) `${name} attribute`;
     }
@@ -83,26 +107,43 @@ /**
      * @desc
-     *  Resolves to the value of a HTML attribute of the `target` element,
-     *  located in the context of a `parent` element.
+     *  Resolves to the value of an HTML attribute of the `target` element,
+     *  located within the `parent` element.
      *
-     * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} parent
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>>}
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} parent
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string>}
      *
-     * @see {@link Target.all}
      * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
      */
     of(parent) {
-        return new Attribute(this.name, this.element
+        return core_1.Question.createAdapter(new Attribute(this.name, this.element
             ? models_1.PageElement.of(this.element, parent)
-            : parent);
+            : parent));
     }
     async answeredBy(actor) {
+        const name = await actor.answer(this.name);
         if (!this.element) {
-            throw new core_1.LogicError(`Target not specified`); // todo: better error message?
+            throw new core_1.LogicError((0, core_1.d) `Couldn't read attribute ${name} of an unspecified page element.`);
         }
         const element = await actor.answer(this.element);
-        const name = await actor.answer(this.name);
         return element.attribute(name);
     }
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Changes the description of this question's subject.
+     *
+     * @param {string} subject
+     * @returns {Question<T>}
+     */
+    describedAs(subject) {
+        this.subject = subject;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @returns {string}
+     *  Returns a human-readable representation of this {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}.
+     */
+    toString() {
+        return this.subject;
+    }
 }
 exports.Attribute = Attribute;
 //# sourceMappingURL=Attribute.js.map

lib/screenplay/questions/CssClasses.d.ts

@@ -1,8 +0,7 @@
-import { Answerable, AnswersQuestions, MetaQuestion, Question, UsesAbilities } from '@serenity-js/core';
+import { Answerable, AnswersQuestions, MetaQuestion, Question, QuestionAdapter, UsesAbilities } from '@serenity-js/core';
 import { PageElement } from '../models';
-import { ElementQuestion } from './ElementQuestion';
 /**
  * @desc
  *  Resolves to an array of [CSS classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes#attr-class)
- *  of a given {@link WebElement}, represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>.
+ *  of a given {@link PageElement}.
  *
@@ -16,28 +15,55 @@ * @example <caption>Example widget</caption>
  *
- * @example <caption>Retrieve CSS classes of a given WebElement</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Retrieve CSS classes of a given PageElement</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, CssClasses, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, CssClasses, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const shoppingList = () =>
- *      Target.the('shopping list').located(by.id('shopping-list'))
+ *      PageElement.located(By.css('#shopping-list')).describedAs('shopping list')
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
- *          Ensure.that(CssClasses.of(shoppingList()), equals([ 'active', 'favourite' ])),
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              CssClasses.of(shoppingList()),
+ *              equals([ 'active', 'favourite' ])
+ *          ),
  *      )
  *
- * @example <caption>Find WebElements with a given class</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Using CssClasses as QuestionAdapter</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
+ *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
+ *  import { By, CssClasses, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *
+ *  const shoppingList = () =>
+ *      PageElement.located(By.css('#shopping-list')).describedAs('shopping list')
+ *
+ *  actorCalled('Lisa')
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
+ *      .attemptsTo(
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              CssClasses.of(shoppingList()).length,
+ *              equals(2)
+ *          ),
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              CssClasses.of(shoppingList())[0],
+ *              equals('active')
+ *          ),
+ *      )
+ *
+ * @example <caption>Find PageElements with a given class</caption>
+ *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, contain } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, CssClasses, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, CssClasses, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  class ShoppingList {
  *      static items = () =>
- *          Target.all('items')
- *              .located(by.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *          PageElements.located(By.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *              .describedAs('items')
  *
  *      static outstandingItems = () =>
- *          ShoppingList.items
+ *          ShoppingList.items()
  *              .where(CssClasses, contain('buy'))
@@ -47,3 +73,3 @@ *  }
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -56,25 +82,30 @@ *          Ensure.that(
  *
- * @extends {ElementQuestion}
+ * @extends {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}
  * @implements {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
  */
-export declare class CssClasses extends ElementQuestion<Promise<string[]>> implements MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string[]>> {
-    private readonly target;
+export declare class CssClasses extends Question<Promise<string[]>> implements MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string[]>> {
+    private readonly pageElement;
     /**
-     * @param {Question<PageElement> | PageElement} target
-     * @returns {CssClasses}
+     * @private
      */
-    static of(target: Answerable<PageElement>): CssClasses;
+    private subject;
     /**
-     * @param {Question<PageElement> | PageElement} target
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} pageElement
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string[]>}
+     *
+     * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
      */
-    constructor(target: Answerable<PageElement>);
+    static of(pageElement: Answerable<PageElement>): QuestionAdapter<string[]> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string[]>>;
     /**
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} pageElement
+     */
+    protected constructor(pageElement: Answerable<PageElement>);
+    /**
      * @desc
-     *  Resolves to an array of CSS classes of the `target` element,
-     *  located in the context of a `parent` element.
+     *  Resolves to an array of CSS classes of the `pageElement`,
+     *  located within the `parent` element.
      *
-     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<Element>} parent
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} parent
      * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>>}
      *
-     * @see {@link Target.all}
      * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
@@ -96,2 +127,15 @@ */
     answeredBy(actor: AnswersQuestions & UsesAbilities): Promise<string[]>;
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Changes the description of this question's subject.
+     *
+     * @param {string} subject
+     * @returns {Question<T>}
+     */
+    describedAs(subject: string): this;
+    /**
+     * @returns {string}
+     *  Returns a human-readable representation of this {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}.
+     */
+    toString(): string;
 }

lib/screenplay/questions/CssClasses.js

 "use strict";
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
 exports.CssClasses = void 0;
-const io_1 = require("@serenity-js/core/lib/io");
+const core_1 = require("@serenity-js/core");
 const models_1 = require("../models");
-const ElementQuestion_1 = require("./ElementQuestion");
 /**
  * @desc
  *  Resolves to an array of [CSS classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes#attr-class)
- *  of a given {@link WebElement}, represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>.
+ *  of a given {@link PageElement}.
  *
@@ -19,28 +18,55 @@ * @example <caption>Example widget</caption>
  *
- * @example <caption>Retrieve CSS classes of a given WebElement</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Retrieve CSS classes of a given PageElement</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, CssClasses, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, CssClasses, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const shoppingList = () =>
- *      Target.the('shopping list').located(by.id('shopping-list'))
+ *      PageElement.located(By.css('#shopping-list')).describedAs('shopping list')
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
- *          Ensure.that(CssClasses.of(shoppingList()), equals([ 'active', 'favourite' ])),
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              CssClasses.of(shoppingList()),
+ *              equals([ 'active', 'favourite' ])
+ *          ),
  *      )
  *
- * @example <caption>Find WebElements with a given class</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Using CssClasses as QuestionAdapter</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
+ *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
+ *  import { By, CssClasses, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *
+ *  const shoppingList = () =>
+ *      PageElement.located(By.css('#shopping-list')).describedAs('shopping list')
+ *
+ *  actorCalled('Lisa')
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
+ *      .attemptsTo(
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              CssClasses.of(shoppingList()).length,
+ *              equals(2)
+ *          ),
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              CssClasses.of(shoppingList())[0],
+ *              equals('active')
+ *          ),
+ *      )
+ *
+ * @example <caption>Find PageElements with a given class</caption>
+ *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, contain } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, CssClasses, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, CssClasses, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  class ShoppingList {
  *      static items = () =>
- *          Target.all('items')
- *              .located(by.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *          PageElements.located(By.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *              .describedAs('items')
  *
  *      static outstandingItems = () =>
- *          ShoppingList.items
+ *          ShoppingList.items()
  *              .where(CssClasses, contain('buy'))
@@ -50,3 +76,3 @@ *  }
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -59,33 +85,35 @@ *          Ensure.that(
  *
- * @extends {ElementQuestion}
+ * @extends {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}
  * @implements {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
  */
-class CssClasses extends ElementQuestion_1.ElementQuestion {
+class CssClasses extends core_1.Question {
     /**
-     * @param {Question<PageElement> | PageElement} target
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} pageElement
      */
-    constructor(target) {
-        super((0, io_1.formatted) `CSS classes of ${target}`);
-        this.target = target;
+    constructor(pageElement) {
+        super();
+        this.pageElement = pageElement;
+        this.subject = (0, core_1.d) `CSS classes of ${pageElement}`;
     }
     /**
-     * @param {Question<PageElement> | PageElement} target
-     * @returns {CssClasses}
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} pageElement
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string[]>}
+     *
+     * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
      */
-    static of(target) {
-        return new CssClasses(target);
+    static of(pageElement) {
+        return core_1.Question.createAdapter(new CssClasses(pageElement));
     }
     /**
      * @desc
-     *  Resolves to an array of CSS classes of the `target` element,
-     *  located in the context of a `parent` element.
+     *  Resolves to an array of CSS classes of the `pageElement`,
+     *  located within the `parent` element.
      *
-     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<Element>} parent
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} parent
      * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>>}
      *
-     * @see {@link Target.all}
      * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
      */
     of(parent) {
-        return new CssClasses(models_1.PageElement.of(this.target, parent));
+        return new CssClasses(models_1.PageElement.of(this.pageElement, parent));
     }
@@ -105,3 +133,3 @@ /**
     async answeredBy(actor) {
-        const element = await this.resolve(actor, this.target);
+        const element = await actor.answer(this.pageElement);
         return element.attribute('class')
@@ -115,4 +143,22 @@ .then(attribute => attribute !== null && attribute !== void 0 ? attribute : '')
     }
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Changes the description of this question's subject.
+     *
+     * @param {string} subject
+     * @returns {Question<T>}
+     */
+    describedAs(subject) {
+        this.subject = subject;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @returns {string}
+     *  Returns a human-readable representation of this {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}.
+     */
+    toString() {
+        return this.subject;
+    }
 }
 exports.CssClasses = CssClasses;
 //# sourceMappingURL=CssClasses.js.map

lib/screenplay/questions/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

lib/screenplay/questions/Selected.d.ts

@@ -1,2 +0,2 @@
-import { Answerable, Question } from '@serenity-js/core';
+import { Answerable, List, Question } from '@serenity-js/core';
 import { PageElement } from '../models';
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ /**
      *
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>>}
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~List<string>}
      *
      * @see {@link Select.values}
      */
-    static valuesOf(pageElement: Answerable<PageElement>): Question<Promise<string[]>>;
+    static valuesOf(pageElement: Answerable<PageElement>): List<string>;
     /**
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ * @desc
      *
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>>}
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~List<string>}
      *
      * @see {@link Select.options}
      */
-    static optionsIn(pageElement: Answerable<PageElement>): Question<Promise<string[]>>;
+    static optionsIn(pageElement: Answerable<PageElement>): List<string>;
 }

lib/screenplay/questions/Selected.js

@@ -100,3 +100,3 @@ "use strict";
      *
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>>}
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~List<string>}
      *
@@ -201,3 +201,3 @@ * @see {@link Select.values}
      *
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>>}
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~List<string>}
      *
@@ -204,0 +204,0 @@ * @see {@link Select.options}

lib/screenplay/questions/Text.d.ts

@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ import { Answerable, MetaQuestion, QuestionAdapter } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  Resolves to the visible (i.e. not hidden by CSS) `innerText` of:
- *  - a given {@link WebElement}, represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>
- *  - a group of {@link WebElement}s, represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~ElementList}>
+ *  - a given {@link PageElement}
+ *  - a group of {@link PageElements}
  *
@@ -23,9 +23,11 @@ *  The result includes the visible text of any sub-elements, without any leading or trailing whitespace.
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, Target, Text } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, PageElement, Text } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const header = () =>
- *      Target.the('header').located(by.tagName('h1'))
+ *      PageElement.located(By.css('h1'))
+ *          .describedAs('header')
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -38,9 +40,11 @@ *          Ensure.that(Text.of(header()), equals('Shopping list')),
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, Target, Text } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, PageElement, Text } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const shoppingListItems = () =>
- *      Target.the('shopping list items').located(by.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *      PageElements.located(By.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *         .describedAs('shopping list items')
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -56,6 +60,8 @@ *          Ensure.that(
  *  import { contain, Ensure } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, CssClasses, Target, Text } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, CssClasses, PageElement, Text } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const shoppingListItemCalled = (name: string) =>
- *      Target.the('shopping list items').located(by.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *      PageElements.located(By.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *          .describedAs('shopping list items')
  *          .where(Text, equals(name))
@@ -65,3 +71,3 @@ *          .first()
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -80,7 +86,6 @@ *          Ensure.that(
      * @desc
-     *  Retrieves text of a single {@link WebElement},
-     *  represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>.
+     *  Retrieves text of a single {@link PageElement}.
      *
      * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} element
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string>> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>>}
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string>}
      *
@@ -93,7 +98,6 @@ * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
      * @desc
-     *  Retrieves text of a group of {@link WebElement}s,
-     *  represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~ElementList}>
+     *  Retrieves text of a group of {@link PageElements}.
      *
-     * @param {Answerable<PageElement[]>} elements
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string[]>>}
+     * @param {Answerable<PageElements | PageElement[]>} elements
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string[]>}
      *
@@ -100,0 +104,0 @@ * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}

lib/screenplay/questions/Text.js

@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ "use strict";
 const models_1 = require("../models");
-const ElementQuestion_1 = require("./ElementQuestion");
 /**
  * @desc
  *  Resolves to the visible (i.e. not hidden by CSS) `innerText` of:
- *  - a given {@link WebElement}, represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>
- *  - a group of {@link WebElement}s, represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~ElementList}>
+ *  - a given {@link PageElement}
+ *  - a group of {@link PageElements}
  *
@@ -28,9 +27,11 @@ *  The result includes the visible text of any sub-elements, without any leading or trailing whitespace.
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, Target, Text } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, PageElement, Text } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const header = () =>
- *      Target.the('header').located(by.tagName('h1'))
+ *      PageElement.located(By.css('h1'))
+ *          .describedAs('header')
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -43,9 +44,11 @@ *          Ensure.that(Text.of(header()), equals('Shopping list')),
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, Target, Text } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, PageElement, Text } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const shoppingListItems = () =>
- *      Target.the('shopping list items').located(by.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *      PageElements.located(By.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *         .describedAs('shopping list items')
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -61,6 +64,8 @@ *          Ensure.that(
  *  import { contain, Ensure } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, CssClasses, Target, Text } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, CssClasses, PageElement, Text } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const shoppingListItemCalled = (name: string) =>
- *      Target.the('shopping list items').located(by.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *      PageElements.located(By.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *          .describedAs('shopping list items')
  *          .where(Text, equals(name))
@@ -70,3 +75,3 @@ *          .first()
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -85,7 +90,6 @@ *          Ensure.that(
      * @desc
-     *  Retrieves text of a single {@link WebElement},
-     *  represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>.
+     *  Retrieves text of a single {@link PageElement}.
      *
      * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} element
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string>> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>>}
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string>}
      *
@@ -108,6 +112,7 @@ * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
 exports.Text = Text;
-class TextOfSingleElement extends ElementQuestion_1.ElementQuestion {
+class TextOfSingleElement extends core_1.Question {
     constructor(element) {
-        super(`the text of ${element}`);
+        super();
         this.element = element;
+        this.subject = (0, core_1.d) `the text of ${element}`;
     }
@@ -124,7 +129,26 @@ static of(element) {
     }
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Changes the description of this question's subject.
+     *
+     * @param {string} subject
+     * @returns {Question<T>}
+     */
+    describedAs(subject) {
+        this.subject = subject;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @returns {string}
+     *  Returns a human-readable representation of this {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}.
+     */
+    toString() {
+        return this.subject;
+    }
 }
-class TextOfMultipleElements extends ElementQuestion_1.ElementQuestion {
+class TextOfMultipleElements extends core_1.Question {
     constructor(elements) {
-        super((0, core_1.d) `the text of ${elements}`);
+        super();
         this.elements = elements;
+        this.subject = (0, core_1.d) `the text of ${elements}`;
     }
@@ -141,3 +165,21 @@ static of(elements) {
     }
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Changes the description of this question's subject.
+     *
+     * @param {string} subject
+     * @returns {Question<T>}
+     */
+    describedAs(subject) {
+        this.subject = subject;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @returns {string}
+     *  Returns a human-readable representation of this {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}.
+     */
+    toString() {
+        return this.subject;
+    }
 }
 //# sourceMappingURL=Text.js.map

lib/screenplay/questions/Value.d.ts

@@ -1,8 +0,6 @@
-import { Answerable, AnswersQuestions, MetaQuestion, Question, UsesAbilities } from '@serenity-js/core';
+import { Answerable, AnswersQuestions, MetaQuestion, Question, QuestionAdapter, UsesAbilities } from '@serenity-js/core';
 import { PageElement } from '../models';
-import { ElementQuestion } from './ElementQuestion';
 /**
  * @desc
- *  Returns the `value` attribute of a given {@link WebElement},
- *  represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>
+ *  Retrieves the `value` attribute of a given {@link PageElement}.
  *
@@ -12,12 +10,13 @@ * @example <caption>Example widget</caption>
  *
- * @example <caption>Retrieve CSS classes of a given WebElement</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Retrieve the `value` of a given PageElement</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, Value, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, PageElement, Value } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const usernameField = () =>
- *      Target.the('username field').located(by.id('username'))
+ *      PageElement.located(By.id('username')).describedAs('username field')
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -27,13 +26,40 @@ *          Ensure.that(Value.of(usernameField), equals('Alice')),
  *
+ * @example <caption>Using Value as QuestionAdapter</caption>
+ *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
+ *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
+ *  import { By, PageElement, Value } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *
+ *  const usernameField = () =>
+ *      PageElement.located(By.id('username')).describedAs('username field')
+ *
+ *  actorCalled('Lisa')
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
+ *      .attemptsTo(
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              Value.of(usernameField).toLocaleLowerCase()[0],
+ *              equals('a')  // [a]lice
+ *          ),
+ *      )
+ *
  * @extends {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}
  * @implements {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
  */
-export declare class Value extends ElementQuestion<Promise<string>> implements MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>> {
+export declare class Value extends Question<Promise<string>> implements MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>> {
     private readonly element;
     /**
-     * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} element
-     * @returns {Value}
+     * @private
      */
-    static of(element: Answerable<PageElement>): Question<Promise<string>> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>>;
+    private subject;
     /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Retrieves the `value` attribute of a given {@link PageElement}.
+     *
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} element
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string>}
+     *
+     * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
+     */
+    static of(element: Answerable<PageElement>): QuestionAdapter<string> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>>;
+    /**
      * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} element
@@ -44,7 +70,7 @@ */
      * @desc
-     *  Resolves to the value of a given [`input`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input)
-     *  {@link WebElement}, located in the context of a `parent` element.
+     *  Retrieves the `value` attribute of a given {@link PageElement}.
+     *  located within the `parent` element.
      *
-     * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} parent
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string>>}
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} parent
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string>}
      *
@@ -67,2 +93,15 @@ * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
     answeredBy(actor: AnswersQuestions & UsesAbilities): Promise<string>;
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Changes the description of this question's subject.
+     *
+     * @param {string} subject
+     * @returns {Question<T>}
+     */
+    describedAs(subject: string): this;
+    /**
+     * @returns {string}
+     *  Returns a human-readable representation of this {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}.
+     */
+    toString(): string;
 }

lib/screenplay/questions/Value.js

 "use strict";
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
 exports.Value = void 0;
-const io_1 = require("@serenity-js/core/lib/io");
+const core_1 = require("@serenity-js/core");
 const models_1 = require("../models");
-const ElementQuestion_1 = require("./ElementQuestion");
 /**
  * @desc
- *  Returns the `value` attribute of a given {@link WebElement},
- *  represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>
+ *  Retrieves the `value` attribute of a given {@link PageElement}.
  *
@@ -15,12 +13,13 @@ * @example <caption>Example widget</caption>
  *
- * @example <caption>Retrieve CSS classes of a given WebElement</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Retrieve the `value` of a given PageElement</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, Value, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, PageElement, Value } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const usernameField = () =>
- *      Target.the('username field').located(by.id('username'))
+ *      PageElement.located(By.id('username')).describedAs('username field')
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -30,6 +29,24 @@ *          Ensure.that(Value.of(usernameField), equals('Alice')),
  *
+ * @example <caption>Using Value as QuestionAdapter</caption>
+ *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
+ *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
+ *  import { By, PageElement, Value } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *
+ *  const usernameField = () =>
+ *      PageElement.located(By.id('username')).describedAs('username field')
+ *
+ *  actorCalled('Lisa')
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
+ *      .attemptsTo(
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              Value.of(usernameField).toLocaleLowerCase()[0],
+ *              equals('a')  // [a]lice
+ *          ),
+ *      )
+ *
  * @extends {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}
  * @implements {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
  */
-class Value extends ElementQuestion_1.ElementQuestion {
+class Value extends core_1.Question {
     /**
@@ -39,19 +56,25 @@ * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} element
     constructor(element) {
-        super((0, io_1.formatted) `the value of ${element}`);
+        super();
         this.element = element;
+        this.subject = (0, core_1.d) `the value of ${element}`;
     }
     /**
-     * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} element
-     * @returns {Value}
+     * @desc
+     *  Retrieves the `value` attribute of a given {@link PageElement}.
+     *
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} element
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string>}
+     *
+     * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
      */
     static of(element) {
-        return new Value(element);
+        return core_1.Question.createAdapter(new Value(element));
     }
     /**
      * @desc
-     *  Resolves to the value of a given [`input`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input)
-     *  {@link WebElement}, located in the context of a `parent` element.
+     *  Retrieves the `value` attribute of a given {@link PageElement}.
+     *  located within the `parent` element.
      *
-     * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} parent
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string>>}
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} parent
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string>}
      *
@@ -76,7 +99,25 @@ * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
     async answeredBy(actor) {
-        const element = await this.resolve(actor, this.element);
+        const element = await actor.answer(this.element);
         return element.value();
     }
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Changes the description of this question's subject.
+     *
+     * @param {string} subject
+     * @returns {Question<T>}
+     */
+    describedAs(subject) {
+        this.subject = subject;
+        return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @returns {string}
+     *  Returns a human-readable representation of this {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}.
+     */
+    toString() {
+        return this.subject;
+    }
 }
 exports.Value = Value;
 //# sourceMappingURL=Value.js.map

lib/stage/crew/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

lib/stage/crew/photographer/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

lib/stage/crew/photographer/strategies/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

lib/stage/index.js

 "use strict";
 var __createBinding = (this && this.__createBinding) || (Object.create ? (function(o, m, k, k2) {
     if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;
-    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } });
+    var desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(m, k);
+    if (!desc || ("get" in desc ? !m.__esModule : desc.writable || desc.configurable)) {
+      desc = { enumerable: true, get: function() { return m[k]; } };
+    }
+    Object.defineProperty(o, k2, desc);
 }) : (function(o, m, k, k2) {
@@ -6,0 +10,0 @@ if (k2 === undefined) k2 = k;

package.json

 {
   "name": "@serenity-js/web",
-  "version": "3.0.0-rc.13",
+  "version": "3.0.0-rc.14",
   "description": "Serenity/JS Screenplay Pattern APIs for the Web",
@@ -50,4 +50,4 @@ "author": {
   "dependencies": {
-    "@serenity-js/assertions": "3.0.0-rc.13",
-    "@serenity-js/core": "3.0.0-rc.13",
+    "@serenity-js/assertions": "3.0.0-rc.14",
+    "@serenity-js/core": "3.0.0-rc.14",
     "tiny-types": "^1.17.0"
@@ -61,6 +61,6 @@ },
     "mocha": "^9.1.3",
-    "ts-node": "^10.5.0",
-    "typescript": "^4.5.5"
+    "ts-node": "^10.7.0",
+    "typescript": "^4.6.2"
   },
-  "gitHead": "9fb7df72c7f33cb10504843db890f7855b8c355a"
+  "gitHead": "b4aa801512b45db287e10fa44c9ec1d6f08126c3"
 }

src/expectations/isVisible.ts

@@ -8,3 +8,6 @@ import { Expectation } from '@serenity-js/core';
  * @desc
- *  Expectation that the element is present in the DOM of the page and visible.
+ *  Expectation that the element is present in the DOM of the page and:
+ *  - is not hidden, so doesn't have `display: none`, `visibility: hidden` or `opacity: 0`
+ *  - is within the browser viewport
+ *  - doesn't have its centre covered by other elements
  *
@@ -11,0 +14,0 @@ * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~Expectation<boolean, Element<'async'>>}

src/screenplay/models/PageElement.ts

@@ -19,5 +19,4 @@ import { Answerable, d, Optional, Question, QuestionAdapter } from '@serenity-js/core';
 
-    // todo: review usages and consider removing if not used
     static of<NET>(childElement: Answerable<PageElement<NET>>, parentElement: Answerable<PageElement<NET>>): QuestionAdapter<PageElement<NET>> {
-        return Question.about(d`${ childElement } of ${ parentElement })`, async actor => {
+        return Question.about(d`${ childElement } of ${ parentElement }`, async actor => {
             const child     = await actor.answer(childElement);
@@ -87,3 +86,13 @@ const parent    = await actor.answer(parentElement);
     abstract isSelected(): Promise<boolean>;
+
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Checks if the PageElement:
+     *  - is not hidden, so doesn't have CSS style like `display: none`, `visibility: hidden` or `opacity: 0`
+     *  - is within the browser viewport
+     *  - doesn't have its centre covered by other elements
+     *
+     * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+     */
     abstract isVisible(): Promise<boolean>;
 }

src/screenplay/models/PageElements.ts

@@ -1,2 +0,2 @@
-import { Answerable, f, List, MetaQuestion, Question } from '@serenity-js/core';
+import { Answerable, List, MetaQuestion, Question } from '@serenity-js/core';
 
@@ -25,3 +25,3 @@ import { BrowseTheWeb } from '../abilities';
         return new PageElements<Native_Element_Type>(relativeToParent(this.locator, parent))
-            .describedAs(`<<${this.toString()}>>` + f`.of(${ parent })`);
+            .describedAs(`${ this.toString() } of ${ parent }`);
     }
@@ -44,3 +44,3 @@ }
 function relativeToParent<Native_Element_Type>(relativeLocator: Answerable<Locator<Native_Element_Type>>, parent: Answerable<PageElement<Native_Element_Type>>): Question<Promise<Locator<Native_Element_Type>>> {
-    return Question.about(relativeLocator.toString() + f`.of${ parent }`, async actor => {
+    return Question.about(`${ relativeLocator.toString() } of ${ parent }`, async actor => {
         const locator: Locator<Native_Element_Type>             = await actor.answer(relativeLocator);
@@ -47,0 +47,0 @@ const parentElement: PageElement<Native_Element_Type>   = await actor.answer(parent);

src/screenplay/questions/Attribute.ts

@@ -1,10 +0,8 @@
-import { Answerable, AnswersQuestions, LogicError, MetaQuestion, Question, UsesAbilities } from '@serenity-js/core';
+import { Answerable, AnswersQuestions, d, LogicError, MetaQuestion, Question, QuestionAdapter, UsesAbilities } from '@serenity-js/core';
 
 import { PageElement } from '../models';
-import { ElementQuestion } from './ElementQuestion';
 
 /**
  * @desc
- *  Returns the value of the given HTML attribute of a given {@link WebElement},
- *  represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>
+ *  Returns the value of the specified HTML attribute of a given {@link PageElement}.
  *
@@ -18,33 +16,56 @@ * @example <caption>Example widget</caption>
  *
- * @example <caption>Retrieve a HTML attribute of a given WebElement</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Retrieve an HTML attribute of a given PageElement</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { Attribute, by, BrowseTheWeb, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { Attribute, By, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const shoppingList = () =>
- *      Target.the('shopping list').located(by.id('shopping-list'))
+ *      PageElement.located(By.id('shopping-list')).describedAs('shopping list');
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
- *          Ensure.that(Attribute.called('data-items-left').of(shoppingList()), equals('2')),
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              Attribute.called('data-items-left').of(shoppingList()),
+ *              equals('2')
+ *          ),
  *      )
  *
- * @example <caption>Find WebElements with a given attribute</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Using Attribute as QuestionAdapter</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
+ *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
+ *  import { Attribute, By, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *
+ *  const shoppingList = () =>
+ *      PageElement.located(By.css('#shopping-list')).describedAs('shopping list')
+ *
+ *  actorCalled('Lisa')
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
+ *      .attemptsTo(
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              Attribute.called('id').of(shoppingList()).toLocaleUpperCase(),
+ *              equals('SHOPPING-LIST')
+ *          ),
+ *      )
+ *
+ * @example <caption>Find PageElements with a given attribute</caption>
+ *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, includes } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { Attribute, BrowseTheWeb, by, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { Attribute, By, PageElements } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  class ShoppingList {
  *      static items = () =>
- *          Target.all('items')
- *              .located(by.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *          PageElements.located(By.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *              .describedAs('items');
  *
  *      static outstandingItems = () =>
- *          ShoppingList.items
- *              .where(Attribute.called('data-state'), includes('buy'))
+ *          ShoppingList.items()
+ *              .where(Attribute.called('data-state'), includes('buy'));
  *  }
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -57,10 +78,15 @@ *          Ensure.that(
  *
- * @extends {ElementQuestion}
+ * @extends {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}
  * @implements {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
  */
 export class Attribute
-    extends ElementQuestion<Promise<string>>
+    extends Question<Promise<string>>
     implements MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>>
 {
     /**
+     * @private
+     */
+    private subject: string;
+
+    /**
      * @param {Answerable<string>} name
@@ -77,7 +103,10 @@ * @returns {Attribute}
      */
-    constructor(
+    protected constructor(
         private readonly name: Answerable<string>,
         private readonly element?: Answerable<PageElement>,
     ) {
-        super(`"${ name }" attribute of ${ element }`);
+        super();
+        this.subject = element
+            ? d`${ name } attribute of ${ element }`
+            : d`${ name } attribute`
     }
@@ -87,30 +116,52 @@
      * @desc
-     *  Resolves to the value of a HTML attribute of the `target` element,
-     *  located in the context of a `parent` element.
+     *  Resolves to the value of an HTML attribute of the `target` element,
+     *  located within the `parent` element.
      *
-     * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} parent
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>>}
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} parent
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string>}
      *
-     * @see {@link Target.all}
      * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
      */
-    of(parent: Answerable<PageElement>): Question<Promise<string>> {
-        return new Attribute(
-            this.name,
-            this.element
-                ? PageElement.of(this.element, parent)
-                : parent
-        );
+    of(parent: Answerable<PageElement>): QuestionAdapter<string> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>> {
+        return Question.createAdapter(
+            new Attribute(
+                this.name,
+                this.element
+                    ? PageElement.of(this.element, parent)
+                    : parent
+            )
+        ) as QuestionAdapter<string> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>>;
     }
 
     async answeredBy(actor: AnswersQuestions & UsesAbilities): Promise<string> {
+        const name = await actor.answer(this.name);
+
         if (! this.element) {
-            throw new LogicError(`Target not specified`);   // todo: better error message?
+            throw new LogicError(d`Couldn't read attribute ${ name } of an unspecified page element.`);
         }
 
         const element = await actor.answer(this.element);
-        const name    = await actor.answer(this.name);
 
         return element.attribute(name);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Changes the description of this question's subject.
+     *
+     * @param {string} subject
+     * @returns {Question<T>}
+     */
+    describedAs(subject: string): this {
+        this.subject = subject;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @returns {string}
+     *  Returns a human-readable representation of this {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}.
+     */
+    toString(): string {
+        return this.subject;
+    }
 }

src/screenplay/questions/CssClasses.ts

@@ -1,6 +0,4 @@
-import { Answerable, AnswersQuestions, MetaQuestion, Question, UsesAbilities } from '@serenity-js/core';
-import { formatted } from '@serenity-js/core/lib/io';
+import { Answerable, AnswersQuestions, d, MetaQuestion, Question, QuestionAdapter, UsesAbilities } from '@serenity-js/core';
 
 import { PageElement } from '../models';
-import { ElementQuestion } from './ElementQuestion';
 
@@ -10,3 +8,3 @@ /**
  *  Resolves to an array of [CSS classes](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes#attr-class)
- *  of a given {@link WebElement}, represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>.
+ *  of a given {@link PageElement}.
  *
@@ -20,28 +18,55 @@ * @example <caption>Example widget</caption>
  *
- * @example <caption>Retrieve CSS classes of a given WebElement</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Retrieve CSS classes of a given PageElement</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, CssClasses, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, CssClasses, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const shoppingList = () =>
- *      Target.the('shopping list').located(by.id('shopping-list'))
+ *      PageElement.located(By.css('#shopping-list')).describedAs('shopping list')
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
- *          Ensure.that(CssClasses.of(shoppingList()), equals([ 'active', 'favourite' ])),
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              CssClasses.of(shoppingList()),
+ *              equals([ 'active', 'favourite' ])
+ *          ),
  *      )
  *
- * @example <caption>Find WebElements with a given class</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Using CssClasses as QuestionAdapter</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
+ *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
+ *  import { By, CssClasses, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *
+ *  const shoppingList = () =>
+ *      PageElement.located(By.css('#shopping-list')).describedAs('shopping list')
+ *
+ *  actorCalled('Lisa')
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
+ *      .attemptsTo(
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              CssClasses.of(shoppingList()).length,
+ *              equals(2)
+ *          ),
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              CssClasses.of(shoppingList())[0],
+ *              equals('active')
+ *          ),
+ *      )
+ *
+ * @example <caption>Find PageElements with a given class</caption>
+ *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, contain } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, CssClasses, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, CssClasses, PageElement } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  class ShoppingList {
  *      static items = () =>
- *          Target.all('items')
- *              .located(by.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *          PageElements.located(By.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *              .describedAs('items')
  *
  *      static outstandingItems = () =>
- *          ShoppingList.items
+ *          ShoppingList.items()
  *              .where(CssClasses, contain('buy'))
@@ -51,3 +76,3 @@ *  }
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -60,22 +85,30 @@ *          Ensure.that(
  *
- * @extends {ElementQuestion}
+ * @extends {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}
  * @implements {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
  */
 export class CssClasses
-    extends ElementQuestion<Promise<string[]>>
+    extends Question<Promise<string[]>>
     implements MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string[]>>
 {
     /**
-     * @param {Question<PageElement> | PageElement} target
-     * @returns {CssClasses}
+     * @private
      */
-    static of(target: Answerable<PageElement>): CssClasses {
-        return new CssClasses(target);
+    private subject: string;
+
+    /**
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} pageElement
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string[]>}
+     *
+     * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
+     */
+    static of(pageElement: Answerable<PageElement>): QuestionAdapter<string[]> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string[]>> {
+        return Question.createAdapter(new CssClasses(pageElement)) as QuestionAdapter<string[]> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string[]>>;
     }
 
     /**
-     * @param {Question<PageElement> | PageElement} target
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} pageElement
      */
-    constructor(private readonly target: Answerable<PageElement>) {
-        super(formatted `CSS classes of ${ target}`);
+    protected constructor(private readonly pageElement: Answerable<PageElement>) {
+        super();
+        this.subject = d`CSS classes of ${ pageElement}`;
     }
@@ -85,13 +118,12 @@
      * @desc
-     *  Resolves to an array of CSS classes of the `target` element,
-     *  located in the context of a `parent` element.
+     *  Resolves to an array of CSS classes of the `pageElement`,
+     *  located within the `parent` element.
      *
-     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<Element>} parent
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} parent
      * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>>}
      *
-     * @see {@link Target.all}
      * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
      */
     of(parent: Answerable<PageElement>): Question<Promise<string[]>> {
-        return new CssClasses(PageElement.of(this.target, parent));
+        return new CssClasses(PageElement.of(this.pageElement, parent));
     }
@@ -112,3 +144,3 @@
     async answeredBy(actor: AnswersQuestions & UsesAbilities): Promise<string[]> {
-        const element = await this.resolve(actor, this.target);
+        const element = await actor.answer(this.pageElement);
 
@@ -124,2 +156,22 @@ return element.attribute('class')
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Changes the description of this question's subject.
+     *
+     * @param {string} subject
+     * @returns {Question<T>}
+     */
+    describedAs(subject: string): this {
+        this.subject = subject;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @returns {string}
+     *  Returns a human-readable representation of this {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}.
+     */
+    toString(): string {
+        return this.subject;
+    }
 }

src/screenplay/questions/Selected.ts

@@ -1,2 +0,2 @@
-import { Answerable, Question } from '@serenity-js/core';
+import { Answerable, List, Question } from '@serenity-js/core';
 import { formatted } from '@serenity-js/core/lib/io';
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@
      *
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>>}
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~List<string>}
      *
      * @see {@link Select.values}
      */
-    static valuesOf(pageElement: Answerable<PageElement>): Question<Promise<string[]>> {
+    static valuesOf(pageElement: Answerable<PageElement>): List<string> {
         return PageElements.located(By.css('option:checked'))
             .of(pageElement)
             .eachMappedTo(Value)
-            .describedAs(formatted `values selected in ${ pageElement }`) as Question<Promise<string[]>>;
+            .describedAs(formatted `values selected in ${ pageElement }`);
     }
@@ -205,12 +205,12 @@
      *
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>>}
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~List<string>}
      *
      * @see {@link Select.options}
      */
-    static optionsIn(pageElement: Answerable<PageElement>): Question<Promise<string[]>> {
+    static optionsIn(pageElement: Answerable<PageElement>): List<string> {
         return PageElements.located(By.css('option:checked'))
             .of(pageElement)
             .eachMappedTo(Text)
-            .describedAs(formatted `options selected in ${ pageElement }`) as Question<Promise<string[]>>;
+            .describedAs(formatted `options selected in ${ pageElement }`);
     }
 }

src/screenplay/questions/Text.ts

@@ -5,3 +5,2 @@ import { Answerable, AnswersQuestions, d, MetaQuestion, Question, QuestionAdapter, UsesAbilities } from '@serenity-js/core';
 import { PageElement, PageElements } from '../models';
-import { ElementQuestion } from './ElementQuestion';
 
@@ -11,4 +10,4 @@ /**
  *  Resolves to the visible (i.e. not hidden by CSS) `innerText` of:
- *  - a given {@link WebElement}, represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>
- *  - a group of {@link WebElement}s, represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~ElementList}>
+ *  - a given {@link PageElement}
+ *  - a group of {@link PageElements}
  *
@@ -28,9 +27,11 @@ *  The result includes the visible text of any sub-elements, without any leading or trailing whitespace.
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, Target, Text } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, PageElement, Text } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const header = () =>
- *      Target.the('header').located(by.tagName('h1'))
+ *      PageElement.located(By.css('h1'))
+ *          .describedAs('header')
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -43,9 +44,11 @@ *          Ensure.that(Text.of(header()), equals('Shopping list')),
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, Target, Text } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, PageElement, Text } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const shoppingListItems = () =>
- *      Target.the('shopping list items').located(by.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *      PageElements.located(By.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *         .describedAs('shopping list items')
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -61,6 +64,8 @@ *          Ensure.that(
  *  import { contain, Ensure } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, CssClasses, Target, Text } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, CssClasses, PageElement, Text } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const shoppingListItemCalled = (name: string) =>
- *      Target.the('shopping list items').located(by.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *      PageElements.located(By.css('#shopping-list li'))
+ *          .describedAs('shopping list items')
  *          .where(Text, equals(name))
@@ -70,3 +75,3 @@ *          .first()
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -86,7 +91,6 @@ *          Ensure.that(
      * @desc
-     *  Retrieves text of a single {@link WebElement},
-     *  represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>.
+     *  Retrieves text of a single {@link PageElement}.
      *
      * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} element
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string>> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>>}
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string>}
      *
@@ -104,7 +108,6 @@ * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
      * @desc
-     *  Retrieves text of a group of {@link WebElement}s,
-     *  represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~ElementList}>
+     *  Retrieves text of a group of {@link PageElements}.
      *
-     * @param {Answerable<PageElement[]>} elements
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string[]>> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string[]>>}
+     * @param {Answerable<PageElements | PageElement[]>} elements
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string[]>}
      *
@@ -129,5 +132,10 @@ * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
 class TextOfSingleElement
-    extends ElementQuestion<Promise<string>>
+    extends Question<Promise<string>>
     implements MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>>
 {
+    /**
+     * @private
+     */
+    private subject: string;
+
     static of(element: Answerable<PageElement>): QuestionAdapter<string> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>> {
@@ -137,4 +145,5 @@ return Question.createAdapter(new TextOfSingleElement(element)) as QuestionAdapter<string> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>>;
 
-    constructor(private readonly element: Answerable<PageElement>) {
-        super(`the text of ${ element }`);
+    protected constructor(private readonly element: Answerable<PageElement>) {
+        super();
+        this.subject = d`the text of ${ element }`;
     }
@@ -151,8 +160,33 @@
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Changes the description of this question's subject.
+     *
+     * @param {string} subject
+     * @returns {Question<T>}
+     */
+    describedAs(subject: string): this {
+        this.subject = subject;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @returns {string}
+     *  Returns a human-readable representation of this {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}.
+     */
+    toString(): string {
+        return this.subject;
+    }
 }
 
 class TextOfMultipleElements
-    extends ElementQuestion<Promise<string[]>>
+    extends Question<Promise<string[]>>
     implements MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string[]>>
 {
+    /**
+     * @private
+     */
+    private subject: string;
+
     static of(elements: PageElements): QuestionAdapter<string[]> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string[]>> {
@@ -162,4 +196,5 @@ return Question.createAdapter(new TextOfMultipleElements(elements)) as QuestionAdapter<string[]> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string[]>>;
 
-    constructor(private readonly elements: PageElements) {
-        super(d`the text of ${ elements }`);
+    protected constructor(private readonly elements: PageElements) {
+        super();
+        this.subject = d`the text of ${ elements }`;
     }
@@ -176,2 +211,22 @@
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Changes the description of this question's subject.
+     *
+     * @param {string} subject
+     * @returns {Question<T>}
+     */
+    describedAs(subject: string): this {
+        this.subject = subject;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @returns {string}
+     *  Returns a human-readable representation of this {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}.
+     */
+    toString(): string {
+        return this.subject;
+    }
 }

src/screenplay/questions/Value.ts

@@ -1,11 +0,8 @@
-import { Answerable, AnswersQuestions, MetaQuestion, Question, UsesAbilities } from '@serenity-js/core';
-import { formatted } from '@serenity-js/core/lib/io';
+import { Answerable, AnswersQuestions, d, MetaQuestion, Question, QuestionAdapter, UsesAbilities } from '@serenity-js/core';
 
 import { PageElement } from '../models';
-import { ElementQuestion } from './ElementQuestion';
 
 /**
  * @desc
- *  Returns the `value` attribute of a given {@link WebElement},
- *  represented by Answerable<{@link @wdio/types~Element}>
+ *  Retrieves the `value` attribute of a given {@link PageElement}.
  *
@@ -15,12 +12,13 @@ * @example <caption>Example widget</caption>
  *
- * @example <caption>Retrieve CSS classes of a given WebElement</caption>
+ * @example <caption>Retrieve the `value` of a given PageElement</caption>
  *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
  *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
- *  import { BrowseTheWeb, by, Value, Target } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *  import { By, PageElement, Value } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
  *
  *  const usernameField = () =>
- *      Target.the('username field').located(by.id('username'))
+ *      PageElement.located(By.id('username')).describedAs('username field')
  *
  *  actorCalled('Lisa')
- *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWeb.using(browser))
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
  *      .attemptsTo(
@@ -30,2 +28,20 @@ *          Ensure.that(Value.of(usernameField), equals('Alice')),
  *
+ * @example <caption>Using Value as QuestionAdapter</caption>
+ *  import { actorCalled } from '@serenity-js/core';
+ *  import { Ensure, equals } from '@serenity-js/assertions';
+ *  import { By, PageElement, Value } from '@serenity-js/web';
+ *  import { BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO } from '@serenity-js/webdriverio';
+ *
+ *  const usernameField = () =>
+ *      PageElement.located(By.id('username')).describedAs('username field')
+ *
+ *  actorCalled('Lisa')
+ *      .whoCan(BrowseTheWebWithWebdriverIO.using(browser))
+ *      .attemptsTo(
+ *          Ensure.that(
+ *              Value.of(usernameField).toLocaleLowerCase()[0],
+ *              equals('a')  // [a]lice
+ *          ),
+ *      )
+ *
  * @extends {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}
@@ -35,11 +51,21 @@ * @implements {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
 export class Value
-    extends ElementQuestion<Promise<string>>
+    extends Question<Promise<string>>
     implements MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>>
 {
     /**
-     * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} element
-     * @returns {Value}
+     * @private
      */
-    static of(element: Answerable<PageElement>): Question<Promise<string>> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>> {
-        return new Value(element);
+    private subject: string;
+
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Retrieves the `value` attribute of a given {@link PageElement}.
+     *
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} element
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string>}
+     *
+     * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
+     */
+    static of(element: Answerable<PageElement>): QuestionAdapter<string> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>> {
+        return Question.createAdapter(new Value(element)) as QuestionAdapter<string> & MetaQuestion<Answerable<PageElement>, Promise<string>>;
     }
@@ -51,3 +77,4 @@
     constructor(private readonly element: Answerable<PageElement>) {
-        super(formatted`the value of ${ element }`);
+        super();
+        this.subject = d`the value of ${ element }`;
     }
@@ -57,7 +84,7 @@
      * @desc
-     *  Resolves to the value of a given [`input`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input)
-     *  {@link WebElement}, located in the context of a `parent` element.
+     *  Retrieves the `value` attribute of a given {@link PageElement}.
+     *  located within the `parent` element.
      *
-     * @param {Answerable<PageElement>} parent
-     * @returns {Question<Promise<string>>}
+     * @param {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Answerable<PageElement>} parent
+     * @returns {@serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~QuestionAdapter<string>}
      *
@@ -83,6 +110,26 @@ * @see {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay/questions~MetaQuestion}
     async answeredBy(actor: AnswersQuestions & UsesAbilities): Promise<string> {
-        const element = await this.resolve(actor, this.element);
+        const element = await actor.answer(this.element);
 
         return element.value();
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @desc
+     *  Changes the description of this question's subject.
+     *
+     * @param {string} subject
+     * @returns {Question<T>}
+     */
+    describedAs(subject: string): this {
+        this.subject = subject;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @returns {string}
+     *  Returns a human-readable representation of this {@link @serenity-js/core/lib/screenplay~Question}.
+     */
+    toString(): string {
+        return this.subject;
+    }
 }

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Dependency changes

• + Added@serenity-js/assertions@3.0.0-rc.14(transitive)

• + Added@serenity-js/core@3.0.0-rc.14(transitive)

• - Removed@serenity-js/assertions@3.0.0-rc.13(transitive)

• - Removed@serenity-js/core@3.0.0-rc.13(transitive)

• Updated@serenity-js/assertions@3.0.0-rc.14

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