@solana/transactions

@solana/transactions

This package contains types and functions for compiling, signing and sending transactions. It can be used standalone, but it is also exported as part of Kit @solana/kit.

Transactions are created by compiling a transaction message. They must then be signed before being submitted to the network.

Compiling a transaction

Functions

compileTransaction()

Given a TransactionMessage, this function returns a Transaction object. This includes the compiled bytes of the transaction message, and a map of signatures. This map will have a key for each address that is required to sign the transaction. The transaction will not yet have signatures for any of these addresses.

Whether a transaction message is ready to be compiled or not is enforced for you at the type level. In order to be signable, a transaction message must:

• have a version and a list of zero or more instructions (ie. conform to BaseTransactionMessage)
• have a fee payer set (ie. conform to TransactionMessageWithFeePayer)
• have a lifetime specified (ie. conform to TransactionMessageWithBlockhashLifetime | TransactionMessageWithDurableNonceLifetime)

Signing transactions

In order to be landed on the network, a transaction must be signed by all of the private keys belonging to accounts that are required signers of the transaction.

Types

FullySignedTransaction

This type represents a transaction that is signed by all of its required signers.

TransactionWithSizeLimit

This type represents a transaction that is under or equal to the maximum size limit for transactions on the Solana network.

SendableTransaction

This type represents a transaction that has all the required conditions to be sent to the network. Namely:

• It must be fully signed (ie. conform to FullySignedTransaction)
• It must be within size limit (ie. conform to TransactionWithSizeLimit)

The SendableTransaction type is a prerequisite of functions designed to land transactions on the network.

Functions

getSignatureFromTransaction()

Given a transaction signed by its fee payer, this method will return the Signature that uniquely identifies it. This string can be used to look up transactions at a later date, for example on a Solana block explorer.

import { getSignatureFromTransaction } from '@solana/transactions';

const signature = getSignatureFromTransaction(tx);
console.debug(`Inspect this transaction at https://explorer.solana.com/tx/${signature}`);

signTransaction()

Given an array of CryptoKey objects which are private keys pertaining to addresses that are required to sign a transaction, this method will return a new signed transaction of type FullySignedTransaction. This function will throw unless the resulting transaction is fully signed.

import { generateKeyPair } from '@solana/keys';
import { signTransaction } from '@solana/transactions';

const signedTransaction = await signTransaction([myPrivateKey], tx);

partiallySignTransaction()

This function is the same as signTransaction() but does not require the transaction to be signed by all signers. A partially signed transaction cannot be landed on the network, but can be serialized and deserialized.

Serializing transactions

Before sending a transaction to be landed on the network, you must serialize it in a particular way. You can use these types and functions to serialize a signed transaction into a binary format suitable for transit over the wire.

Types

Base64EncodedWireTransaction

This type represents the wire format of a transaction as a base64-encoded string.

Functions

getBase64EncodedWireTransaction()

Given a signed transaction, this method returns the transaction as a string that conforms to the Base64EncodedWireTransaction type.

import { getBase64EncodedWireTransaction, signTransaction } from '@solana/transactions';

const serializedTransaction = getBase64EncodedWireTransaction(signedTransaction);
const signature = await rpc.sendTransaction(serializedTransaction, { encoding: 'base64' }).send();