@switchbot/noble
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A Node.js BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) central module.
Want to implement a peripheral? Check out bleno.
Note: macOS / Mac OS X, Linux, FreeBSD and Windows are currently the only supported OSes.
// Read the battery level of the first found peripheral exposing the Battery Level characteristic
const noble = require('@abandonware/noble');
noble.on('stateChange', async (state) => {
if (state === 'poweredOn') {
await noble.startScanningAsync(['180f'], false);
}
});
noble.on('discover', async (peripheral) => {
await noble.stopScanningAsync();
await peripheral.connectAsync();
const {characteristics} = await peripheral.discoverSomeServicesAndCharacteristicsAsync(['180f'], ['2a19']);
const batteryLevel = (await characteristics[0].readAsync())[0];
console.log(`${peripheral.address} (${peripheral.advertisement.localName}): ${batteryLevel}%`);
await peripheral.disconnectAsync();
process.exit(0);
});
const noble = require('@abandonware/noble/with-custom-binding')({extended: true});
libbluetooth-dev needs to be installed. For instructions for specific distributions, see below.See the generic Linux notes above first.
sudo apt-get install bluetooth bluez libbluetooth-dev libudev-dev
Make sure node is on your PATH. If it's not, some options:
nodejs to node: sudo ln -s /usr/bin/nodejs /usr/bin/nodeIf you are having trouble connecting to BLE devices on a Raspberry Pi, you should disable the pnat plugin. Add the following line at the bottom of /etc/bluetooth/main.conf:
DisablePlugins=pnat
Then restart the system.
See Issue #425 · OpenWonderLabs/homebridge-switchbot.
See the generic Linux notes above first.
sudo yum install bluez bluez-libs bluez-libs-devel
See the generic Linux notes above first.
See Configure Intel Edison for Bluetooth LE (Smart) Development.
Make sure you have GNU Make:
sudo pkg install gmake
Disable automatic loading of the default Bluetooth stack by putting no-ubt.conf into /usr/local/etc/devd/no-ubt.conf and restarting devd (sudo service devd restart).
Unload ng_ubt kernel module if already loaded:
sudo kldunload ng_ubt
Make sure you have read and write permissions on the /dev/usb/* device that corresponds to your Bluetooth adapter.
node-gyp requirements for Windows
Install the required tools and configurations using Microsoft's windows-build-tools from an elevated PowerShell or cmd.exe (run as Administrator).
npm install --global --production windows-build-tools
node-bluetooth-hci-socket prerequisites
See @don's setup guide on Bluetooth LE with Node.js and Noble on Windows
Make sure your container runs with --network=host options and all specific environment preriquisites are verified.
npm install @abandonware/noble
In Windows OS add your custom hci-usb dongle to the process env
set BLUETOOTH_HCI_SOCKET_USB_VID=xxx
set BLUETOOTH_HCI_SOCKET_USB_PID=xxx
const noble = require('@abandonware/noble');
All operations have two API variants – one expecting a callback, one returning a Promise (denoted by Async suffix).
Additionally, there are events corresponding to each operation (and a few global events).
For example, in case of the "discover services" operation of Peripheral:
discoverServices method expecting a callback:
peripheral.discoverServices((error, services) => {
// callback - handle error and services
});
discoverServicesAsync method returning a Promise:
try {
const services = await peripheral.discoverServicesAsync();
// handle services
} catch (e) {
// handle error
}
servicesDiscover event emitted after services are discovered:
peripheral.once('servicesDiscover', (services) => {
// handle services
});
API structure:
noble.on('stateChange', callback(state));
state can be one of:
unknownresettingunsupportedunauthorizedpoweredOffpoweredOnnoble.startScanning(); // any service UUID, no duplicates
noble.startScanning([], true); // any service UUID, allow duplicates
var serviceUUIDs = ['<service UUID 1>', ...]; // default: [] => all
var allowDuplicates = falseOrTrue; // default: false
noble.startScanning(serviceUUIDs, allowDuplicates[, callback(error)]); // particular UUIDs
NOTE: noble.state must be poweredOn before scanning is started. noble.on('stateChange', callback(state)); can be used to listen for state change events.
noble.on('scanStart', callback);
The event is emitted when:
noble.stopScanning();
noble.on('scanStop', callback);
The event is emitted when:
noble.on('discover', callback(peripheral));
peripheral:
{
id: '<id>',
address: '<BT address'>, // Bluetooth Address of device, or 'unknown' if not known
addressType: '<BT address type>', // Bluetooth Address type (public, random), or 'unknown' if not known
connectable: trueOrFalseOrUndefined, // true or false, or undefined if not known
advertisement: {
localName: '<name>',
txPowerLevel: someInteger,
serviceUuids: ['<service UUID>', ...],
serviceSolicitationUuid: ['<service solicitation UUID>', ...],
manufacturerData: someBuffer, // a Buffer
serviceData: [
{
uuid: '<service UUID>',
data: someBuffer // a Buffer
},
// ...
]
},
rssi: integerValue,
mtu: integerValue // MTU will be null, until device is connected and hci-socket is used
};
Note: On macOS, the address will be set to '' if the device has not been connected previously.
noble.on('warning', callback(message));
noble.reset()
peripheral.connect([callback(error)]);
Some of the bluetooth devices doesn't connect seamlessly, may be because of bluetooth device firmware or kernel. Do reset the device with noble.reset() API before connect API.
peripheral.once('connect', callback);
peripheral.cancelConnect();
// Will emit a 'connect' event with error
peripheral.disconnect([callback(error)]);
peripheral.once('disconnect', callback);
peripheral.updateRssi([callback(error, rssi)]);
peripheral.once('rssiUpdate', callback(rssi));
peripheral.discoverServices(); // any service UUID
var serviceUUIDs = ['<service UUID 1>', ...];
peripheral.discoverServices(serviceUUIDs[, callback(error, services)]); // particular UUIDs
peripheral.discoverAllServicesAndCharacteristics([callback(error, services, characteristics)]);
var serviceUUIDs = ['<service UUID 1>', ...];
var characteristicUUIDs = ['<characteristic UUID 1>', ...];
peripheral.discoverSomeServicesAndCharacteristics(serviceUUIDs, characteristicUUIDs, [callback(error, services, characteristics));
peripheral.once('servicesDiscover', callback(services));
peripheral.readHandle(handle, callback(error, data));
peripheral.once('handleRead<handle>', callback(data)); // data is a Buffer
<handle> is the handle identifier.
peripheral.writeHandle(handle, data, withoutResponse, callback(error));
peripheral.once('handleWrite<handle>', callback());
<handle> is the handle identifier.
service.discoverIncludedServices(); // any service UUID
var serviceUUIDs = ['<service UUID 1>', ...];
service.discoverIncludedServices(serviceUUIDs[, callback(error, includedServiceUuids)]); // particular UUIDs
service.once('includedServicesDiscover', callback(includedServiceUuids));
service.discoverCharacteristics() // any characteristic UUID
var characteristicUUIDs = ['<characteristic UUID 1>', ...];
service.discoverCharacteristics(characteristicUUIDs[, callback(error, characteristics)]); // particular UUIDs
service.once('characteristicsDiscover', callback(characteristics));
characteristics
{
uuid: '<uuid>',
properties: ['...'] // 'broadcast', 'read', 'writeWithoutResponse', 'write', 'notify', 'indicate', 'authenticatedSignedWrites', 'extendedProperties'
};
characteristic.read([callback(error, data)]);
characteristic.on('data', callback(data, isNotification));
characteristic.once('read', callback(data, isNotification)); // legacy
Emitted when:
characteristic.read(...)characteristic.notify(true[, callback(error)])Note: isNotification event parameter value MAY be undefined depending on platform. The parameter is deprecated after version 1.8.1, and not supported on macOS High Sierra and later.
characteristic.write(data, withoutResponse[, callback(error)]); // data is a Buffer, withoutResponse is true|false
withoutResponse:
false: send a write request, used with "write" characteristic propertytrue: send a write command, used with "write without response" characteristic propertycharacteristic.once('write', withoutResponse, callback());
Emitted when characteristic write has completed, result of characteristic.write(...).
characteristic.broadcast(broadcast[, callback(error)]); // broadcast is true|false
characteristic.once('broadcast', callback(state));
Emitted when characteristic broadcast state changes, result of characteristic.broadcast(...).
characteristic.subscribe([callback(error)]);
Subscribe to a characteristic.
Triggers data events when peripheral sends a notification or indication. Use for characteristics with "notify" or "indicate" properties.
characteristic.once('notify', callback(state));
Emitted when characteristic notification state changes, result of characteristic.notify(...).
characteristic.unsubscribe([callback(error)]);
Unsubscribe from a characteristic.
Use for characteristics with "notify" or "indicate" properties
characteristic.discoverDescriptors([callback(error, descriptors)]);
characteristic.once('descriptorsDiscover', callback(descriptors));
descriptors:
[
{
uuid: '<uuid>'
},
// ...
]
descriptor.readValue([callback(error, data)]);
descriptor.once('valueRead', data); // data is a Buffer
descriptor.writeValue(data[, callback(error)]); // data is a Buffer
descriptor.once('valueWrite');
By default, noble will select appropriate Bluetooth device bindings based on your platform. You can provide custom bindings using the with-bindings module.
var noble = require('@abandonware/noble/with-bindings')(require('./my-custom-bindings'));
Run the following command:
sudo setcap cap_net_raw+eip $(eval readlink -f `which node`)
This grants the node binary cap_net_raw privileges, so it can start/stop BLE advertising.
Note: The above command requires setcap to be installed.
It can be installed the following way:
sudo apt-get install libcap2-binsu -c \'yum install libcap2-bin\'hci0 is used by default.
To override, set the NOBLE_HCI_DEVICE_ID environment variable to the interface number.
For example, to specify hci1:
sudo NOBLE_HCI_DEVICE_ID=1 node <your file>.js
If you are using multiple HCI devices in one setup you can run two instances of noble with different binding configurations by initializing them seperatly in code:
const HCIBindings = require('@abandonware/noble/lib/hci-socket/bindings');
const Noble = require('@abandonware/noble/lib/noble');
const params = {
deviceId: 0,
userChannel: true,
extended: false //ble5 extended features
};
const noble = new Noble(new HCIBindings(params));
By default, noble waits for both the advertisement data and scan response data for each Bluetooth address. If your device does not use scan response, the NOBLE_REPORT_ALL_HCI_EVENTS environment variable can be used to bypass it.
sudo NOBLE_REPORT_ALL_HCI_EVENTS=1 node <your file>.js
By default, noble will respond with an error whenever a GATT request message is received. If your intention is to use bleno in tandem with noble, the NOBLE_MULTI_ROLE environment variable can be used to bypass this behaviour.
Note: this requires a Bluetooth 4.1 adapter.
sudo NOBLE_MULTI_ROLE=1 node <your file>.js
This limit is imposed by the Bluetooth adapter hardware as well as its firmware.
| Platform | |
|---|---|
| OS X 10.11 (El Capitan) | 6 |
| Linux/Windows - Adapter-dependent | 5 (CSR based adapter) |
On newer versions of OSX, the terminal app is sandboxed to not allow bluetooth connections by default. If you run a script that tries to access it, you will get an Abort trap: 6 error.
To enable bluetooth, go to "System Preferences" —> "Security & Privacy" —> "Bluetooth" -> Add your terminal into allowed apps.
Some BLE adapters cannot connect to a peripheral while they are scanning (examples below). You will get the following messages when trying to connect:
Sena UD-100 (Cambridge Silicon Radio, Ltd Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode)): Error: Command disallowed
Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 7260 (Intel Corporation Wireless 7260 (rev 73)): Error: Connection Rejected due to Limited Resources (0xd)
You need to stop scanning before trying to connect in order to solve this issue.
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Copyright (C) 2015 Sandeep Mistry sandeep.mistry@gmail.com
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
FAQs
A Node.js BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) central library.
The npm package @switchbot/noble receives a total of 0 weekly downloads. As such, @switchbot/noble popularity was classified as not popular.
We found that @switchbot/noble demonstrated a not healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released a year ago. It has 2 open source maintainers collaborating on the project.
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