deep-diff

What is deep-diff?

The deep-diff npm package is a utility for identifying differences between two JavaScript objects. It helps in understanding changes between object versions and can be particularly useful in debugging and data tracking scenarios.

What are deep-diff's main functionalities?

Difference Detection

This feature allows you to detect differences between two objects. The code sample shows how to use the diff function to compare two objects and log the differences.

const diff = require('deep-diff').diff;
const lhs = { name: 'my object', detail: { it: 'has', an: 'array', with: ['a', 'few', 'elements'] } };
const rhs = { name: 'updated object', detail: { it: 'has', an: 'array', with: ['a', 'few', 'more', 'elements', { than: 'before' }] } };
const differences = diff(lhs, rhs);
console.log(differences);

Observing Changes

This feature allows you to observe changes and apply them to the original object. The code sample demonstrates how to observe differences and apply these changes to update the object.

const diff = require('deep-diff').observableDiff;
const applyChange = require('deep-diff').applyChange;
let obj = { name: 'original' };
let newObj = { name: 'updated' };
diff(obj, newObj, function (d) {
  applyChange(obj, newObj, d);
});
console.log(obj);

Other packages similar to deep-diff

lodash.isequal

Lodash's isEqual function provides a way to perform deep comparison between two values to determine if they are equivalent. Unlike deep-diff, lodash.isequal does not list the differences but checks for equality.

jsondiffpatch

jsondiffpatch is a library that can diff and patch JSON objects. Similar to deep-diff, it provides detailed differences between objects but also supports patching changes directly, which offers a more integrated approach to handling data changes.

README

deep-diff

deep-diff is a javascript/node.js module providing utility functions for determining the structural differences between objects and includes some utilities for applying differences across objects.

Install

npm install deep-diff

Possible v1.0.0 incompatabilities:

• elements in arrays are now processed in reverse order, which fixes a few nagging bugs but may break some users
  • If your code relied on the order in which the differences were reported then your code will break. If you consider an object graph to be a big tree, then deep-diff does a pre-order traversal of the object graph, however, when it encounters an array, the array is processed from the end towards the front, with each element recursively processed in-order during further descent.

Features

• Get the structural differences between two objects.
• Observe the structural differences between two objects.
• When structural differences represent change, apply change from one object to another.
• When structural differences represent change, selectively apply change from one object to another.

Installation

npm install deep-diff

Importing

nodejs

var diff = require('deep-diff')
// or:
// const diff = require('deep-diff');
// const { diff } = require('deep-diff');
// or:
// const DeepDiff = require('deep-diff');
// const { DeepDiff } = require('deep-diff');
// es6+:
// import diff from 'deep-diff';
// import { diff } from 'deep-diff';
// es6+:
// import DeepDiff from 'deep-diff';
// import { DeepDiff } from 'deep-diff';

browser

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/deep-diff@1/dist/deep-diff.min.js"></script>

In a browser, deep-diff defines a global variable DeepDiff. If there is a conflict in the global namespace you can restore the conflicting definition and assign deep-diff to another variable like this: var deep = DeepDiff.noConflict();.

Simple Examples

In order to describe differences, change revolves around an origin object. For consistency, the origin object is always the operand on the left-hand-side of operations. The comparand, which may contain changes, is always on the right-hand-side of operations.

var diff = require('deep-diff').diff;

var lhs = {
  name: 'my object',
  description: 'it\'s an object!',
  details: {
    it: 'has',
    an: 'array',
    with: ['a', 'few', 'elements']
  }
};

var rhs = {
  name: 'updated object',
  description: 'it\'s an object!',
  details: {
    it: 'has',
    an: 'array',
    with: ['a', 'few', 'more', 'elements', { than: 'before' }]
  }
};

var differences = diff(lhs, rhs);

v 0.2.0 and above The code snippet above would result in the following structure describing the differences:

[ { kind: 'E',
    path: [ 'name' ],
    lhs: 'my object',
    rhs: 'updated object' },
  { kind: 'E',
    path: [ 'details', 'with', 2 ],
    lhs: 'elements',
    rhs: 'more' },
  { kind: 'A',
    path: [ 'details', 'with' ],
    index: 3,
    item: { kind: 'N', rhs: 'elements' } },
  { kind: 'A',
    path: [ 'details', 'with' ],
    index: 4,
    item: { kind: 'N', rhs: { than: 'before' } } } ]

Differences

Differences are reported as one or more change records. Change records have the following structure:

• kind - indicates the kind of change; will be one of the following:
  • N - indicates a newly added property/element
  • D - indicates a property/element was deleted
  • E - indicates a property/element was edited
  • A - indicates a change occurred within an array
• path - the property path (from the left-hand-side root)
• lhs - the value on the left-hand-side of the comparison (undefined if kind === 'N')
• rhs - the value on the right-hand-side of the comparison (undefined if kind === 'D')
• index - when kind === 'A', indicates the array index where the change occurred
• item - when kind === 'A', contains a nested change record indicating the change that occurred at the array index

Change records are generated for all structural differences between origin and comparand. The methods only consider an object's own properties and array elements; those inherited from an object's prototype chain are not considered.

Changes to arrays are recorded simplistically. We care most about the shape of the structure; therefore we don't take the time to determine if an object moved from one slot in the array to another. Instead, we only record the structural differences. If the structural differences are applied from the comparand to the origin then the two objects will compare as "deep equal" using most isEqual implementations such as found in lodash or underscore.

Changes

When two objects differ, you can observe the differences as they are calculated and selectively apply those changes to the origin object (left-hand-side).

var observableDiff = require('deep-diff').observableDiff;
var applyChange = require('deep-diff').applyChange;

var lhs = {
  name: 'my object',
  description: 'it\'s an object!',
  details: {
    it: 'has',
    an: 'array',
    with: ['a', 'few', 'elements']
  }
};

var rhs = {
  name: 'updated object',
  description: 'it\'s an object!',
  details: {
    it: 'has',
    an: 'array',
    with: ['a', 'few', 'more', 'elements', { than: 'before' }]
};

observableDiff(lhs, rhs, function (d) {
  // Apply all changes except to the name property...
  if (d.path[d.path.length - 1] !== 'name') {
    applyChange(lhs, rhs, d);
  }
});

API Documentation

A standard import of var diff = require('deep-diff') is assumed in all of the code examples. The import results in an object having the following public properties:

• diff(lhs, rhs, prefilter, acc) — calculates the differences between two objects, optionally prefiltering elements for comparison, and optionally using the specified accumulator.
• observableDiff(lhs, rhs, observer, prefilter) — calculates the differences between two objects and reports each to an observer function, optionally, prefiltering elements for comparison.
• applyDiff(target, source, filter) — applies any structural differences from a source object to a target object, optionally filtering each difference.
• applyChange(target, source, change) — applies a single change record to a target object. NOTE: source is unused and may be removed.
• revertChange(target, source, change) reverts a single change record to a target object. NOTE: source is unused and may be removed.

diff

The diff function calculates the difference between two objects.

Arguments

• lhs - the left-hand operand; the origin object.
• rhs - the right-hand operand; the object being compared structurally with the origin object.
• prefilter - an optional function that determines whether difference analysis should continue down the object graph.
• acc - an optional accumulator/array (requirement is that it have a push function). Each difference is pushed to the specified accumulator.

Returns either an array of changes or, if there are no changes, undefined. This was originally chosen so the result would be pass a truthy test:

var changes = diff(obja, objb);
if (changes) {
  // do something with the changes.
}

Pre-filtering Object Properties

The prefilter's signature should be function(path, key) and it should return a truthy value for any path-key combination that should be filtered. If filtered, the difference analysis does no further analysis of on the identified object-property path.

const diff = require('deep-diff');
const assert = require('assert');

const data = {
  issue: 126,
  submittedBy: 'abuzarhamza',
  title: 'readme.md need some additional example prefilter',
  posts: [
    {
      date: '2018-04-16',
      text: `additional example for prefilter for deep-diff would be great.
      https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38364639/pre-filter-condition-deep-diff-node-js`
    }
  ]
};

const clone = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(data));
clone.title = 'README.MD needs additional example illustrating how to prefilter';
clone.disposition = 'completed';

const two = diff(data, clone);
const none = diff(data, clone,
  (path, key) => path.length === 0 && ~['title', 'disposition'].indexOf(key)
);

assert.equal(two.length, 2, 'should reflect two differences');
assert.ok(typeof none === 'undefined', 'should reflect no differences');

Contributing

When contributing, keep in mind that it is an objective of deep-diff to have no package dependencies. This may change in the future, but for now, no-dependencies.

Please run the unit tests before submitting your PR: npm test. Hopefully your PR includes additional unit tests to illustrate your change/modification!

When you run npm test, linting will be performed and any linting errors will fail the tests... this includes code formatting.

Thanks to all those who have contributed so far!