github.com/astrolink/facebook

A Facebook Graph API SDK In Golang

This is a Go package fully supports Facebook Graph API with file upload, batch request, marketing API. It can be used in Google App Engine.

API documents can be found on godoc.

Feel free to create an issue or send me a pull request if you have any "how-to" question or bug or suggestion when using this package. I'll try my best to reply it.

Get It

Use go get -u github.com/huandu/facebook to get or update it.

Usage

Quick start

Here is a sample that reads my Facebook first name by uid.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    fb "github.com/huandu/facebook"
)

func main() {
    res, _ := fb.Get("/538744468", fb.Params{
        "fields": "first_name",
        "access_token": "a-valid-access-token",
    })
    fmt.Println("here is my facebook first name:", res["first_name"])
}

The type of res is fb.Result (a.k.a. map[string]interface{}). This type has several useful methods to decode res to any Go type safely.

// Decode "first_name" to a Go string.
var first_name string
res.DecodeField("first_name", &first_name)
fmt.Println("alternative way to get first_name:", first_name)

// It's also possible to decode the whole result into a predefined struct.
type User struct {
    FirstName string
}

var user User
res.Decode(&user)
fmt.Println("print first_name in struct:", user.FirstName)

If a type implements the json.Unmarshaler interface, Decode or DecodeField will use it to unmarshal JSON.

res := Result{
    "create_time": "2006-01-02T15:16:17Z",
}

// Type `*time.Time` implements `json.Unmarshaler`.
// res.DecodeField will use the interface to unmarshal data.
var tm time.Time
res.DecodeField("create_time", &tm)

Read a graph user object with a valid access token

res, err := fb.Get("/me/feed", fb.Params{
     "access_token": "a-valid-access-token",
})

if err != nil {
    // err can be an facebook API error.
    // if so, the Error struct contains error details.
    if e, ok := err.(*Error); ok {
        fmt.Printf("facebook error. [message:%v] [type:%v] [code:%v] [subcode:%v]",
            e.Message, e.Type, e.Code, e.ErrorSubcode)
        return
    }

    return
}

// read my last feed.
fmt.Println("my latest feed story is:", res.Get("data.0.story"))

Read a graph search for page and decode slice of maps

res, _ := fb.Get("/search", fb.Params{
        "access_token": "a-valid-access-token",
        "type":         "page",
        "q":            "nightlife,singapore",
    })

var items []fb.Result

err := res.DecodeField("data", &items)

if err != nil {
    fmt.Printf("An error has happened %v", err)
    return
}

for _, item := range items {
    fmt.Println(item["id"])
}

Use App and Session

It's recommended to use App and Session in a production app. They provide more control over all API calls. They can also make code clear and concise.

// create a global App var to hold app id and secret.
var globalApp = fb.New("your-app-id", "your-app-secret")

// facebook asks for a valid redirect uri when parsing signed request.
// it's a new enforced policy starting in late 2013.
globalApp.RedirectUri = "http://your.site/canvas/url/"

// here comes a client with a facebook signed request string in query string.
// creates a new session with signed request.
session, _ := globalApp.SessionFromSignedRequest(signedRequest)

// if there is another way to get decoded access token,
// creates a session directly with the token.
session := globalApp.Session(token)

// validate access token. err is nil if token is valid.
err := session.Validate()

// use session to send api request with access token.
res, _ := session.Get("/me/feed", nil)

Use paging field in response.

Some Graph API responses use a special JSON structure to provide paging information. Use Result.Paging() to walk through all data in such results.

res, _ := session.Get("/me/home", nil)

// create a paging structure.
paging, _ := res.Paging(session)

// get current results.
results := paging.Data()

// get next page.
noMore, err := paging.Next()
results = paging.Data()

Read graph API response and decode result into a struct

As facebook Graph API always uses lower case words as keys in API response. This package can convert go's camel-case-style struct field name to facebook's underscore-style API key name.

For instance, to decode following JSON response...

{
    "foo_bar": "player"
}

One can use following struct.

type Data struct {
    FooBar string  // "FooBar" maps to "foo_bar" in JSON automatically in this case.
}

The decoding of each struct field can be customized by the format string stored under the "facebook" key or the "json" key in the struct field's tag. The "facebook" key is recommended as it's specifically designed for this package.

Following is a sample shows all possible field tags.

// define a facebook feed object.
type FacebookFeed struct {
    Id          string            `facebook:",required"`             // this field must exist in response.
                                                                     // mind the "," before "required".
    Story       string
    FeedFrom    *FacebookFeedFrom `facebook:"from"`                  // use customized field name "from".
    CreatedTime string            `facebook:"created_time,required"` // both customized field name and "required" flag.
    Omitted     string            `facebook:"-"`                     // this field is omitted when decoding.
}

type FacebookFeedFrom struct {
    Name string `json:"name"`                   // the "json" key also works as expected.
    Id string   `facebook:"id" json:"shadowed"` // if both "facebook" and "json" key are set, the "facebook" key is used.
}

// create a feed object direct from graph api result.
var feed FacebookFeed
res, _ := session.Get("/me/feed", nil)
res.DecodeField("data.0", &feed) // read latest feed

Send a batch request

params1 := Params{
    "method": fb.GET,
    "relative_url": "me",
}
params2 := Params{
    "method": fb.GET,
    "relative_url": uint64(100002828925788),
}
results, err := fb.BatchApi(your_access_token, params1, params2)

if err != nil {
    // check error...
    return
}

// batchResult1 and batchResult2 are response for params1 and params2.
batchResult1, _ := results[0].Batch()
batchResult2, _ := results[1].Batch()

// Use parsed result.
var id string
res := batchResult1.Result
res.DecodeField("id", &id)

// Use response header.
contentType := batchResult1.Header.Get("Content-Type")

Use it in Google App Engine

Google App Engine provides appengine/urlfetch package as the standard http client package. The default client in net/http doesn't work. One must explicitly set http client in Session to make it work.

import (
    "appengine"
    "appengine/urlfetch"
)

// suppose it's the appengine context initialized somewhere.
var context appengine.Context

// default Session object uses http.DefaultClient which is not allowed to use
// in appengine. one has to create a Session and assign it a special client.
seesion := globalApp.Session("a-access-token")
session.HttpClient = urlfetch.Client(context)

// now, session uses appengine http client now.
res, err := session.Get("/me", nil)

Select Graph API version

See Platform Versioning to understand facebook versioning strategy.

// this package uses default version which is controlled by facebook app setting.
// change following global variable to specific a global default version.
fb.Version = "v2.0"

// starting with graph API v2.0; it's not allowed to get user information without access token.
fb.Api("huan.du", GET, nil)

// it's possible to specify version per session.
session := &fb.Session{}
session.Version = "v2.0" // overwrite global default.

Enable appsecret_proof

Facebook can verify Graph API Calls with appsecret_proof. It's a feature to make Graph API call more secure. See Securing Graph API Requests to know more about it.

globalApp := fb.New("your-app-id", "your-app-secret")

// enable "appsecret_proof" for all sessions created by this app.
globalApp.EnableAppsecretProof = true

// all calls in this session are secured.
session := globalApp.Session("a-valid-access-token")
session.Get("/me", nil)

// it's also possible to enable/disable this feature per session.
session.EnableAppsecretProof(false)

Debugging API Requests

Facebook introduces a way to debug graph API calls. See Debugging API Requests for details.

This package provides both package level, and per session debug flag. Set Debug to a DEBUG_* constant to change debug mode globally; or use Session#SetDebug to change debug mode for one session.

When debug mode is turned on, use Result#DebugInfo to get DebugInfo struct from the result.

fb.Debug = fb.DEBUG_ALL

res, _ := fb.Get("/me", fb.Params{"access_token": "xxx"})
debugInfo := res.DebugInfo()

fmt.Println("http headers:", debugInfo.Header)
fmt.Println("facebook api version:", debugInfo.FacebookApiVersion)

Work with package golang.org/x/oauth2

Package golang.org/x/oauth2 can handle facebook OAuth2 authentication process and access token very well. This package can work with it by setting Session#HttpClient to OAuth2's client.

import (
    "golang.org/x/oauth2"
    oauth2fb "golang.org/x/oauth2/facebook"
    fb "github.com/huandu/facebook"
)

// Get facebook access token.
conf := &oauth2.Config{
    ClientID:     "AppId",
    ClientSecret: "AppSecret",
    RedirectURL:  "CallbackURL",
    Scopes:       []string{"email"},
    Endpoint:     oauth2fb.Endpoint,
}
token, err := conf.Exchange(oauth2.NoContext, "code")

// Create a client to manage access token life cycle.
client := conf.Client(oauth2.NoContext, token)

// Use OAuth2 client with session.
session := &fb.Session{
    Version:    "v2.4",
    HttpClient: client,
}

// Use session.
res, _ := session.Get("/me", nil)

Control timeout and cancelation with Context

The Session can work with Context now.

// Create a new context.
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(session.Context(), 100 * time.Millisecond)
defer cancel()

// Call an API with ctx.
// The return value of `session.WithContext` is a shadow copy of original session and
// should not be stored. It can be used only once.
result, err := session.WithContext(ctx).Get("/me", nil)

See https://blog.golang.org/context for more details about how to use Context.

Change Log

See CHANGELOG.md.

Out of Scope

1. No OAuth integration. This package only provides APIs to parse/verify access token and code generated in OAuth 2.0 authentication process.
2. No old RESTful API and FQL support. Such APIs are deprecated for years. Forget about them.

License

This package is licensed under MIT license. See LICENSE for details.