@changesets/cli

What is @changesets/cli?

@changesets/cli is a tool for managing versioning and changelogs for monorepos and single-package repositories. It helps automate the process of creating and maintaining changelogs, versioning packages, and publishing them.

What are @changesets/cli's main functionalities?

Initialize Changesets

This command initializes the changesets configuration in your repository. It sets up the necessary files and directories to start using changesets.

npx changeset init

Create a Changeset

This command guides you through creating a new changeset. It prompts you to select the packages you want to include in the changeset and specify the type of change (patch, minor, major).

npx changeset

Version Packages

This command reads the changesets and bumps the versions of the packages accordingly. It updates the package.json files and creates changelog entries.

npx changeset version

Publish Packages

This command publishes the packages to the npm registry. It uses the version information generated by the 'version' command.

npx changeset publish

Other packages similar to @changesets/cli

lerna

Lerna is a tool for managing JavaScript projects with multiple packages. It optimizes the workflow around managing multi-package repositories with git and npm. Compared to @changesets/cli, Lerna offers more comprehensive monorepo management features, including bootstrapping, linking dependencies, and running scripts across packages.

semantic-release

semantic-release automates the versioning and package publishing process based on the commit messages. It ensures that the package is always released with the correct version and changelog. Unlike @changesets/cli, which requires manual creation of changesets, semantic-release relies on commit message conventions to determine the type of release.

standard-version

standard-version is a tool for versioning and changelog generation based on conventional commits. It automates the process of version bumping, changelog generation, and git tagging. Similar to @changesets/cli, it helps maintain consistent versioning and changelogs, but it is more focused on single-package repositories.

README

@changesets/cli 🦋

The primary implementation of changesets. Helps you manage the versioning and changelog entries for your packages, with a focus on versioning within a mono-repository (though we support single-package repositories too).

This package is intended as a successor to @atlaskit/build-releases with a more general focus. It works in bolt multi-package repositories, yarn workspaces multi-package repositories, and in single-package repositories.

Getting Started

If you are installing this in a monorepo run

yarn add @changesets/cli
yarn changeset init

otherwise run

yarn add --dev @changesets/cli
yarn changeset init

From here you are set up to use changesets. Add your first changeset by running

yarn changeset

and following the prompts that you are presented with.

Below you can find a basic workflow for maintainers to help them use changesets, which you can vary to meet your own needs.

Core Concepts

The core concept that changesets follows is that contributors to a repository should be able to declare an intent to release, and that multiple intents should be able to be combined sensibly. Sensibly here refers to if there is one intent to release button as a 'minor' and another to release button as a 'patch', only one release will be made, at the higher of the two versions.

A single changeset is an intent to release stored as data, with the information we need to combine multiple changesets and coordinate releases. It will also update internal dependencies within a multi-package repository.

Base workflow

Contributor runs:

yarn changeset

or

npx changeset

and answers the provided questions.

When the maintainer wants to release packages, they should run

yarn changeset version

or

npx changeset version

and then

yarn changeset publish

or

npx changeset publish

The commands are explained further below.

Commands

init

changeset init

This command sets up the .changeset folder. It generates a readme and a config file. The config file includes the default options, as well as comments on what these options represent. You should run this command once, when you are setting up changesets.

To publish public packages to NPM, you'll need to edit .changeset/config.json and change "access": "restricted", to "access": "public",. Read more about access in config file options. The publishConfig of each package.json is also respected and takes a priority over monorepo-wide setting in .changeset/config.json.

add

changeset [--empty] [--open]

or

changeset add [--empty] [--open]

This command will ask you a series of questions, first about what packages you want to release, then what semver bump type for each package, then it will ask for a summary of the entire changeset. At the final step it will show the changeset it will generate, and confirm that you want to add it.

Once confirmed, the changeset will write a Markdown file that contains the summary and YAML front matter which stores the packages that will be released and the semver bump types for them.

A changeset that major bumps @changesets/cli would look like this:

---
"@changesets/cli": major
---

A description of the major changes.

If you want to modify this file after it's generated, that's completely fine or if you want to write changeset files yourself, that's also fine.

• --empty - allows you to create an empty changeset if no packages are being bumped, usually only required if you have CI that blocks merges without a changeset.

A changeset created with the empty flag would look like this:

---
---

If you set the commit option in the config, the command will add the updated changeset files and then commit them.

• --open - opens the created changeset in an external editor

version

changeset version

Updates the versions for all packages described in changesets since last release along with any dependents inside the repo that are out of range.

Will also create/append to a CHANGELOG file for each package using the summaries from the changesets.

We recommend making sure changes made from this command are merged back into the base branch before you run publish.

This command will read then delete changesets on disk, ensuring that they are only used once.

publish

changeset publish [--otp={token}]

Publishes to NPM repo, and creates git tags. Because this command assumes that last commit is the release commit you should not commit any changes between calling version and publish. These commands are separate to enable you to check if release commit is accurate.

• --otp={token} - allows you to provide an npm one-time password if you have auth and writes enabled on npm. The CLI also prompts for the OTP if it's not provided with the --otp option.

NOTE: You will still need to push your changes back to the base branch after this

git push --follow-tags

status

status [--verbose] [--output={filePath}] [--since={gitTag}]

The status command provides information about the changesets that currently exist. If there are changes to packages but no changesets are present, it exits with error status code 1.

• --verbose - use if you want to know the new versions, and get a link to the relevant changeset summary.

• --output - allows you to write the json object of the status out, for consumption by other tools, such as CI.

• --since - to only display information about changesets since a specific branch or git tag. While this can be used to add a CI check for changesets, we recommend not doing this. We instead recommend using the changeset bot to detect pull requests missing changesets, as not all pull requests need one.

pre

pre [exit|enter {tag}]

The pre command enters and exits pre mode. The command does not do any actual versioning, when doing a prerelease, you should run changeset pre enter next(or a different tag, the tag is what is in versions and is the npm dist tag) and then do the normal release process with changeset version and changeset publish. For more information about the pre command, see the prereleases documentation.

Bumping peerDependencies

In almost all circumstances, internal packages will be bumped as a patch. The one exception is when the dependency is a peerDependency, in which case the change will become a major.