arangojs

ArangoDB JavaScript Driver

The official ArangoDB JavaScript client for Node.js and the browser.

Links

• API Documentation

• Changelog

• Migration Guide

Install

With npm or yarn

npm install --save arangojs
## - or -
yarn add arangojs

For browsers

When using modern JavaScript tooling with a bundler and compiler (e.g. Babel), arangojs can be installed using npm or yarn like any other dependency.

For use without a compiler, the npm release comes with a precompiled browser build for evergreen browsers:

var arangojs = require("arangojs/web");

You can also use unpkg during development:

< !-- note the path includes the version number (e.g. 8.0.0) -- >
<script src="https://unpkg.com/arangojs@8.0.0/web.js"></script>
<script>
  var db = new arangojs.Database();
  // ...
</script>

When loading the browser build with a script tag make sure to load the polyfill first:

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/babel-polyfill/6.26.0/polyfill.js"></script>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/arangojs@8.0.0/web.js"></script>

Basic usage example

Modern JavaScript/TypeScript with async/await:

// TS: import { Database, aql } from "arangojs";
const { Database, aql } = require("arangojs");

const db = new Database();
const Pokemons = db.collection("my-pokemons");

async function main() {
  try {
    const pokemons = await db.query(aql`
      FOR pokemon IN ${Pokemons}
      FILTER pokemon.type == "fire"
      RETURN pokemon
    `);
    console.log("My pokemons, let me show you them:");
    for await (const pokemon of pokemons) {
      console.log(pokemon.name);
    }
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err.message);
  }
}

main();

Using a different database:

const db = new Database({
  url: "http://127.0.0.1:8529",
  databaseName: "pancakes",
  auth: { username: "root", password: "hunter2" },
});

// The credentials can be swapped at any time
db.useBasicAuth("admin", "maplesyrup");

Old-school JavaScript with promises:

var arangojs = require("arangojs");
var Database = arangojs.Database;

var db = new Database();
var pokemons = db.collection("pokemons");

db.query({
  query: "FOR p IN @@c FILTER p.type == 'fire' RETURN p",
  bindVars: { "@c": "pokemons" },
})
  .then(function (cursor) {
    console.log("My pokemons, let me show you them:");
    return cursor.forEach(function (pokemon) {
      console.log(pokemon.name);
    });
  })
  .catch(function (err) {
    console.error(err.message);
  });

Note: The examples throughout this documentation use async/await and other modern language features like multi-line strings and template tags. When developing for an environment without support for these language features, substitute promises for await syntax as in the above example.

Compatibility

The arangojs driver is compatible with the latest stable version of ArangoDB available at the time of the driver release and remains compatible with the two most recent Node.js LTS versions in accordance with the official Node.js long-term support schedule.

For a list of changes between recent versions of the driver, see the CHANGELOG.

Note: arangojs is only intended to be used in Node.js or a browser to access ArangoDB from outside the database. If you are looking for the ArangoDB JavaScript API for Foxx or for accessing ArangoDB from within the arangosh interactive shell, please refer to the documentation of the @arangodb module and the db object instead.

Error responses

If arangojs encounters an API error, it will throw an ArangoError with an errorNum property indicating the ArangoDB error code and the code property indicating the HTTP status code from the response body.

For any other non-ArangoDB error responses (4xx/5xx status code), it will throw an HttpError error with the status code indicated by the code property.

If the server response did not indicate an error but the response body could not be parsed, a regular SyntaxError may be thrown instead.

In all of these cases the server response object will be exposed as the response property on the error object.

If the request failed at a network level or the connection was closed without receiving a response, the underlying system error will be thrown instead.

Common issues

Missing functions or unexpected server errors

Please make sure you are using the latest version of this driver and that the version of the arangojs documentation you are reading matches that version.

Changes in the major version number of arangojs (e.g. 7.x.y -> 8.0.0) indicate backwards-incompatible changes in the arangojs API that may require changes in your code when upgrading your version of arangojs.

Additionally please ensure that your version of Node.js (or browser) and ArangoDB are supported by the version of arangojs you are trying to use. See the compatibility section for additional information.

Note: As of June 2018 ArangoDB 2.8 has reached its End of Life and is no longer supported in arangojs 7 and later. If your code needs to work with ArangoDB 2.8 you can continue using arangojs 6 and enable ArangoDB 2.8 compatibility mode by setting the config option arangoVersion: 20800 to enable the ArangoDB 2.8 compatibility mode in arangojs 6.

You can install an older version of arangojs using npm or yarn:

# for version 6.x.x
yarn add arangojs@6
# - or -
npm install --save arangojs@6

No code intelligence when using require instead of import

If you are using require to import the arangojs module in JavaScript, the default export might not be recognized as a function by the code intelligence of common editors like Visual Studio Code, breaking auto-complete and other useful features.

As a workaround, use the arangojs function exported by that module instead of calling the module itself:

  const arangojs = require("arangojs");

- const db = arangojs({
+ const db = arangojs.arangojs({
    url: ARANGODB_SERVER,
  });

Alternatively you can use the Database class directly:

  const arangojs = require("arangojs");
+ const Database = arangojs.Database;

- const db = arangojs({
+ const db = new Database({
    url: ARANGODB_SERVER,
  });

Or using object destructuring:

- const arangojs = require("arangojs");
+ const { Database } = require("arangojs");

- const db = arangojs({
+ const db = new Database({
    url: ARANGODB_SERVER,
  });

Error stack traces contain no useful information

Due to the async, queue-based behavior of arangojs, the stack traces generated when an error occur rarely provide enough information to determine the location in your own code where the request was initiated.

Using the precaptureStackTraces configuration option, arangojs will attempt to always generate stack traces proactively when a request is performed, allowing arangojs to provide more meaningful stack traces at the cost of an impact to performance even when no error occurs.

  const { Database } = require("arangojs");

  const db = new Database({
    url: ARANGODB_SERVER,
+   precaptureStackTraces: true,
  });

Note that arangojs will attempt to use Error.captureStackTrace if available and fall back to generating a stack trace by throwing an error. In environments that do not support the stack property on error objects, this option will still impact performance but not result in any additional information becoming available.

Node.js ReferenceError: window is not defined

If you compile your Node project using a build tool like Webpack, you may need to tell it to target the correct environment:

// webpack.config.js
+ "target": "node",

To support use in both browser and Node environments arangojs uses the package.json browser field, to substitute browser-specific implementations for certain modules. Build tools like Webpack will respect this field when targetting a browser environment and may need to be explicitly told you are targetting Node instead.

Node.js with self-signed HTTPS certificates

If you need to support self-signed HTTPS certificates, you may have to add your certificates to the agentOptions, e.g.:

  const { Database } = require("arangojs");

  const db = new Database({
    url: ARANGODB_SERVER,
+   agentOptions: {
+     ca: [
+       fs.readFileSync(".ssl/sub.class1.server.ca.pem"),
+       fs.readFileSync(".ssl/ca.pem")
+     ]
+   },
  });

Although this is strongly discouraged, it's also possible to disable HTTPS certificate validation entirely, but note this has extremely dangerous security implications:

  const { Database } = require("arangojs");

  const db = new Database({
    url: ARANGODB_SERVER,
+   agentOptions: {
+     rejectUnauthorized: false
+   },
  });

When using arangojs in the browser, self-signed HTTPS certificates need to be trusted by the browser or use a trusted root certificate.

Streaming transactions leak

When using the transaction.step method it is important to be aware of the limitations of what a callback passed to this method is allowed to do.

const collection = db.collection(collectionName);
const trx = db.transaction(transactionId);

// WARNING: This code will not work as intended!
await trx.step(async () => {
  await collection.save(doc1);
  await collection.save(doc2); // Not part of the transaction!
});

// INSTEAD: Always perform a single operation per step:
await trx.step(() => collection.save(doc1));
await trx.step(() => collection.save(doc2));

Please refer to the documentation of this method for additional examples.

Streaming transactions timeout in cluster

Example messages: transaction not found, transaction already expired.

Transactions have different guarantees in a cluster.

When using arangojs in a cluster with load balancing, you may need to adjust the value of agentOptions.maxSockets to accommodate the number of transactions you need to be able to run in parallel. The default value is likely to be too low for most cluster scenarios involving frequent streaming transactions.

Note: When using a high value for agentOptions.maxSockets you may have to adjust the maximum number of threads in the ArangoDB configuration using the server.maximal-threads option to support larger numbers of concurrent transactions on the server side.

License

The Apache License, Version 2.0. For more information, see the accompanying LICENSE file.

Changelog

[8.2.0] - 2023-03-29

Changed

• Index names are now automatically NFC-normalized (DE-506)

  This change affects all index names using unicode characters. The change has no effect when using non-unicode (ASCII) names.

  Any names used when creating/ensuring indexes or passed to any methods that expect an IndexSelector will automatically be NFC normalized.

• Internal querystring handling logic now uses URLSearchParams instead of node querystring module

  This change should be backwards compatible but may produce different results when relying on undefined behavior in custom (e.g. Foxx) routes.