aswh

aswh: Asynchronous WebHook delivery

This is a simple yet powerful component to perform asynchronous delivery of webhooks, or other HTTP calls. In a nutshell, it works as a store-and-forward http proxy: you call the proxy and get a HTTP 201, and then the proxy sees to deliver your HTTP call

The store part uses keuss as a job-queue middleware; your HTTP calls would be stored in MongoDB collections; you get the following storage options:

• simple: the HTTP calls are stored in a collection, one object per request, and are removed after being confirmed

• tape: the HTTP calls are stored in a collection, one object per request, and are marked as consumed after being confirmed. Consumed objects are removed at a later time using a TTL index

• bucket: the HTTP calls are stored in a collection, but they are packed, several in a single object. This increases performance by an order of magnitude without taxing durability much

Generally speaking, aswh works for any HTTP request, not just webhooks, with the following limitations:

• The HTTP requests need to be completed at the time they're passed to aswh. Any auth header, for example, must be added beforehand, so no reactive auth is allowed

• For the same reason, no body streaming is performed. aswh will read the request bodies completely before adding them to the store. There is, in fact, a size limit for bodies (100kb by default)

• HTTP response bodies are totally ignored. HTTP responses are used only to decide whether to retry or not, and the HTTP status is all that's needed. HTTP responses are properly read, completely. However, they're relayed in callbacks, if they are used (see HTTP callbacks below)

How it works

• You make HTTP calls (any method) to http://localhost:6677/wh. The whole HTTP request will be queued for later. You'll receive a HTTP 201 Created response, immediately after successful queuing
• The queued requests are extracted by means of a reserve (they are not immediately removed, but marked as taken) from the queue and forwarded. The destination uri must be specified as the content of the x-dest-url header. The original uri, querystring included, is not used in the forwarding
  • If the request fails with a retriable error (http 5xx, non-http errors) it is rolled back (ie, marked as available again) with a delay of tries^2 * c2 + tries * c1 + c0 seconds (those c0, c1, c2 values default to 3 but are configurable).
  • If the request fails with a non-retriable error (http 4xx) it is committed (ie, removed) from the queue and moved to queue named __failed__ inside the same keuss QM (that is, in the same mongodb database). If a callback was set, it is invoked
  • If they succeed (http 2xx) it is committed (ie, removed). If a callback was set, it is invoked
• Also, deadletter is used. If a webhook is retried over 5 times (by default; it's configurable), it is moved to the queue __deadletter__
• There is a REST API to manage queues too: among other things, it allows you to remove waiting elements in any queue. See Queue REST API below for details

An initial delay in seconds can be specified un a per-call basis with the header x-delay, which is not passed along either

For example, you can issue a POST webhook which would be delayed for an hour, then retried if needed, like this:

curl -X POST -i \
  --data-bin @wh-payload.json \
  -H 'x-dest-url: https://the-rea-location.api/ai/callback' \
  -H 'content-type: text/plain' \
  -H 'x-delay: 3600' http://localhost:6677/wh

You would need to first create a file wh-payload.json with the webhook payload or content. Also, it will be issued with an initial delay of 1 second.

HTTP callbacks

aswh can produce an http callback for each webhook, when it is either completed ot failed: this is activated on a per-webhook basis, simply adding an extra header x-cb-url: if the webhook is called successfuly or is rejected permanently, a post to the url at x-cb-url is done with a json body including both the webhook's request and its response

At this point, there is no callback when an element is retried too many times: it will always go to __deadletter__

The callbacks are implemented also as webhooks, delayed HTTP calls queued on __completed__cb__ (for successful webhooks) and __failed__cb__ (for failed webhooks) queues, which are pre-created by aswh on each queue group; you can in fact add configuration for them as if they were regular queues (which in fact are)

Configuration

Aswh uses cascade-config as configuration engine; so, configuration can come from:

• Environment variables

• CLI args

• etc/config.js file

• etc/config-${NODE_ENV:-development}.js file (optional)

See cascade-config documentation for more details on how to pass extra configuration (or override it) using environment variables or CLI args

General

• listen_port(defaults to 6677): port to listen to for incoming http

• defaults.: global defaults for aswh. They, in turn, default to:

  defaults: {
    retry: {
      max: 5,
      delay: {
        c0: 3,
        c1: 3,
        c2: 3
      }
    }
  }
  

Queues and queue groups

Aswh supports the use of many queues; queues are organized in queue groups , which are implemented as a keuss queue factory (plus keuss stats and keuss signaller); in turn, each queue-group/keuss-factory can use its own mongodb database (although they all share the same mongodb cluster/server)

Queue groups are declared using the following configuration schema:

keuss: {
  // base mongodb url. All queue groups share the same server/cluster
  // but each one goes to a separated database whose name is created
  // by suffixing the db in base_url with '_$queue_group_name'
  base_url: 'mongodb://localhost/aswh',
  queue_groups: {
    qg_1: {
      // queue group named 'qg_1'. It will use the following databases:
      // mongodb://localhost/aswh_qg_1 : main data, queues
      // mongodb://localhost/aswh_qg_1_signal : keuss signaller
      // mongodb://localhost/aswh_qg_1_stats : keuss stats

      // optional, defaults to 'default'
      mq: 'default' | 'tape' | 'bucket',

      // maximum number of retries before moving elements to
      // __deadletter__ queue. defaults to defaults.retry.max or 5
      max_retries: <int>,

      // queue definitions go here
      queues: {
        default: {  // default queue, selected if no queue is specified
          <opts>
        },
        q1: { // queue 'q1'
          window: 3,  // consumer uses a window size of 3
          retry: {
            delay: { // c0, c1 and c2 values for retry delay
              c0: 1,
              c1: 1,
              c2: 1
            }
          },
          <opts>
        },
        q2: {
          <opts>
        },
        ...
      }
    },
    qg_2: {...},
    ...
    qg_n: {...},
    default: {
      // default queue group, selected if no queue group is specified
      // as usual, config for the 'default' queue can be specified
    }
  }
}

Queue group can be specified with the header x-queue-ns; if none specified, default will be used; if it does not exist (not declared in config or not default) the call will be rejected with a HTTP 404

Queue (within the specified queue group, or default)can be specified with the header x-queue; if none specified, default will be used; if it does not exist (not declared in config or not default) the call will be rejected with a HTTP 404

A default, empty config is provided to create default queue group with a default queue:

keuss: {
  queue_groups: {
    default: {
      mq: 'simple',
      queues: {
        default: {
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

The consumer can keep more than one http request sent and awaiting for response; by default, only one is kept (which amounts to one-request-at-a-time), but a different value can be specified at <queue>.window option. window=10 would allow the consumer to keep up to 10 requests sent and awaiting for response (and thus up to 10 elements reserved and waiting for commit/rollback at the queue)

HTTP agents

Queue consumers can use http(s) agents, which allow for connection pooling. To do so, you need 2 steps: first, configure one or more HTTP agents

  agents: {
    http: {
      // standard node.js http agents
      agent_a : {
        keepAlive: true,
        keepAliveMsecs: 10000,
        maxSockets: 10,
        maxFreeSockets: 2,
        timeout: 12000
      },
      agent_b: {
        ...
      }
    },
    https: {
      // standard node.js https agents
      agent_z : {
        keepAlive: true,
        keepAliveMsecs: 10000,
        maxSockets: 10,
        maxFreeSockets: 2,
        timeout: 12000
      },
      agent_other: {
        ...
      },
      agent_other_one: {
        ...
      }
    },
  },

Both take the standard node.js http and https agents specified at here and here. agents.http specify http agents to be used on http:// target urls, agents.https specify agents for https:// targets.

The use of an agent is specified on a per-request basis, using the x-http-agent header; with the above config a request like:

curl -v \
  -H 'x-dest-url: https://alpha.omega/a/b' \
  -H 'x-http-agent: agent_z' \
  http://location_of_aswh/

would end up calling https://alpha.omega/a/b using the https agent configured at agents.https.agent_z

If no agent is specified, no agent will be used; this would force connection: close upstream. Same applies if the agent specified is not configured.

Queue REST API

aswh provides a simple REST API to queues, which allow for simple introspection operations on queues and also to delete elements in queues.

GET /q: lists queue groups

This call lists the configured queue groups along with some basic information:

$ curl http://localhost:6677/q | python3 -mjson.tool
{
    "default": {
        "type": "mongo:simple",
        "url": "mongodb://localhost/aswh_default"
    },
    "tape": {
        "type": "mongo:persistent",
        "url": "mongodb://localhost/aswh_tape"
    },
    "bucket": {
        "type": "mongo:bucket-safe",
        "url": "mongodb://localhost/aswh_bucket"
    }
}

GET /q/:qg: Lists queues inside a queue group

Lists the queues inside a queue group along with some details:

$ curl http://localhost:6677/q/tape | python3 -mjson.tool
{
    "default": {
        "size": 0,
        "schedSize": 0,
        "totalSize": 0,
        "stats": {},
        "resvSize": 0
    },
    "fastlane": {
        "totalSize": 0,
        "schedSize": 0,
        "stats": {},
        "size": 0,
        "resvSize": 0
    },
    "__failed__": {
        "resvSize": 0,
        "size": 0,
        "schedSize": 0,
        "stats": {},
        "totalSize": 0
    },
    "__failed__cb__": {
        "stats": {},
        "totalSize": 0,
        "resvSize": 0,
        "size": 0,
        "schedSize": 0
    },
    "__completed__cb__": {
        "stats": {},
        "size": 0,
        "schedSize": 0,
        "totalSize": 0,
        "resvSize": 0
    }
}

GET /q/:qg/:q: lists queue details

Gets details about a queue:

$ curl http://localhost:6677/q/tape/default | python3 -mjson.tool
{
    "stats": {},
    "schedSize": 0,
    "totalSize": 0,
    "size": 0,
    "resvSize": 0
}

DELETE /q/:qg/:q/:id: deletes an element from a queue, by id

Deletes an element from a queue, using the id passed in the response received at insertion time.

Note: elements already reserved (ie, being treated) can not be deleted

# inserts one element, initial delay of 1h
$ curl -X POST -i \
  --data-bin @wh-payload.json \
  -H 'x-dest-url: https://the-rea-location.api/ai/callback' \
  -H 'content-type: text/plain' \
  -H 'x-delay: 3600' http://localhost:6677/wh
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
X-Powered-By: Express
Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 73
ETag: W/"49-uLHFgv7zNQc2PJCItdmI8w1kEas"
Date: Sat, 11 Dec 2021 11:43:50 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
Keep-Alive: timeout=5

{"res":"ok","id":"61b48ef6c8987f1cfda04e38","q":"default","ns":"default"}


# check on queue status
$ curl http://localhost:6677/q/default/default
{"schedSize":1,"totalSize":1,"stats":{"put":1},"size":0,"resvSize":0}


# delete the inserted element, using the res.id value from above
$ curl -X DELETE -i http://localhost:6677/q/default/default/61b48ef6c8987f1cfda04e38
 HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Powered-By: Express
Date: Sat, 11 Dec 2021 11:46:10 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
Keep-Alive: timeout=5


# check ueue status again
$ curl http://localhost:6677/q/default/default
{"stats":{"put":1},"size":0,"totalSize":0,"schedSize":0,"resvSize":0}

Examples

• Issue a call immediately, with no agent, default queue group, default queue; passing a querystring and some custom headers

  # this will immediately call https://some.host/gg?a=1&b=2
  # passing the headers qwerty and asdfgh
  curl -v \
    -H 'x-dest-url: https://some.host/gg?a=1&b=2' \
    -H 'qwerty: ggggggggggggg' \
    -H 'asdfgh: hhhhhhhhhh'
    http://localhost:6677/wh
  

• Issue a POST call with a 15 sec delay

  curl -X POST -i \
    --data-bin @wh-payload.json \
    -H 'x-dest-url: https://the-rea-location.api/ai/callback' \
    -H 'content-type: application/json' \
    -H 'x-delay: 15' \
    http://localhost:6677/wh
  

• Issue a call with specific agent

  # there must be an agents.https.agent_z declared in config
  curl -v \
    -H 'x-dest-url: https://some.host/gg?a=1&b=2' \
    -H 'x-http-agent: agent_z' \
    http://localhost:6677/wh
  

• issue a call with a specific queue group and specific queue

  # queue group tape must be configured
  # queue q_66 must be configured inside queue group tape
  curl -v \
    -H 'x-dest-url: https://some.host/gg?a=1&b=2' \
    -H 'x-queue-ns: tape' \
    -H 'x-queue: q_66' \
    http://localhost:6677/wh
  

• Issue a call with a specific completion callback

  # callback url can contain a querystring
  curl -v \
    -H 'x-dest-url: https://some.host/gg?a=1&b=2' \
    -H 'x-cb-url: http://receive-callbacks.in.here:6789/a/b?xxx=1&yyy=22' \
    http://localhost:6677/wh
  

Installation

Easiest way is to use the docker image and mount your configuration:

docker run \
  --rm \
  -d \
  --name aswh \
  -v /path/to/configuration/dir:/usr/src/app/etc \
  - e NODE_ENV=development \
  pepmartinez/aswh:1.3.0

The configuration dir should contain:

• A base config file, config.js. This would contain common configuration

• Zero or more per-env files, config-${NODE_ENV}.js, which would contain configuration specific for each $NODE_ENV

Also, configuration can be added or overriden using env vars:

docker run \
  --rm \
  -d \
  --name aswh \
  -v /path/to/configuration/dir:/usr/src/app/etc \
  -e NODE_ENV=development \
  -e defaults__retry__max=11 \ # this sets the default for max retries to 11
  pepmartinez/aswh:1.3.0

Monitoring (Prometheus metrics)

aswh uses promster to maintain and provide prometheus metrics; along with the standard metrics provided by promster, the following metrics are also provided:

• aswh_http_request_client: histogram of client http requests, labelled with protocol, http method, destination (host:port) and http status
• aswh_queue_operations: counter of queue operations, labelled with qg, q, op (push, reserve, commit, rollback, deadletter) and st (ok or ko)
• aswh_queue_sizes: sizes of keuss queues, labelled with qg, q and type (size, totalSize, resvSize, schedSize)

Web UI

A simple web UI is exposed on the / path, with a simple table exposing the state of all the queues

Web UI