bittorrent-protocol

bittorrent-protocol

Simple, robust, BitTorrent wire protocol implementation

Node.js implementation of the BitTorrent peer wire protocol. The protocol is the main communication layer for BitTorrent file transfer.

Also works in the browser with browserify! This module is used by WebTorrent.

install

npm install bittorrent-protocol

usage

The protocol is implemented as a duplex stream, so all you have to do is pipe to and from it.

duplex streams	a.pipe(b).pipe(a)

(Images from the "harnessing streams" talk by substack.)

import Protocol from 'bittorrent-protocol'
import net from 'net'

net.createServer(socket => {
	const wire = new Protocol()

	// pipe to and from the protocol
	socket.pipe(wire).pipe(socket)

	wire.on('handshake', (infoHash, peerId) => {
    // receive a handshake (infoHash and peerId are hex strings)

		// lets emit a handshake of our own as well
		wire.handshake('my info hash (hex)', 'my peer id (hex)')
	})

	wire.on('unchoke', () => {
		console.log('peer is no longer choking us: ' + wire.peerChoking)
	})
}).listen(6881)

methods

handshaking

Send and receive a handshake from the peer. This is the first message.

// send a handshake to the peer
wire.handshake(infoHash, peerId, { dht: true })
wire.on('handshake', (infoHash, peerId, extensions) => {
	// receive a handshake (infoHash and peerId are hex strings)
  console.log(extensions.dht) // supports DHT (BEP-0005)
  console.log(extensions.extended) // supports extension protocol (BEP-0010)
})

For wire.handshake(), the infoHash and the peerId should be 20 bytes (hex-encoded string or Buffer).

choking

Check if you or the peer is choking.

wire.peerChoking // is the peer choking us?
wire.amChoking // are we choking the peer?

wire.on('choke', () => {
	// the peer is now choking us
})
wire.on('unchoke', () => {
	// peer is no longer choking us
})

interested

See if you or the peer is interested.

wire.peerInterested // is the peer interested in us?
wire.amInterested // are we interested in the peer?

wire.on('interested', () => {
	// peer is now interested
})
wire.on('uninterested', () => {
	// peer is no longer interested
})

bitfield

Exchange piece information with the peer.

// send a bitfield to the peer
wire.bitfield(buffer)
wire.on('bitfield', bitfield => {
	// bitfield received from the peer
})

// send a have message indicating that you have a piece
wire.have(pieceIndex)
wire.on('have', pieceIndex => {
	// peer has sent you a have message
})

You can always see which pieces the peer has

wire.peerPieces.get(i) // returns true if peer has piece i

wire.peerPieces is a BitField, see docs.

requests

Send and respond to requests for pieces.

// request a block from a peer
wire.request(pieceIndex, offset, length, (err, block) => {
	if (err) {
		// there was an error (peer has started choking us etc)
		return
	}
	// got block
})

// cancel a request to a peer
wire.cancel(pieceIndex, offset, length)

// receive a request from a peer
wire.on('request', (pieceIndex, offset, length, callback) => {
	// ... read block ...
	callback(null, block) // respond back to the peer
})

wire.requests     // list of requests we currently have pending {piece, offset, length}
wire.peerRequests // list of requests the peer currently have pending {piece, offset, length}

You can set a request timeout if you want to.

wire.setTimeout(5000) // head request should take a most 5s to finish

If the timeout is triggered the request callback is called with an error and a timeout event is emitted.

dht and port

You can set the extensions flag dht in the handshake to true if you participate in the torrent dht. Afterwards you can send your dht port.

// send your port to the peer
wire.port(dhtPort)
wire.on('port', dhtPort => {
	// peer has sent a port to us
})

You can check to see if the peer supports extensions.

wire.peerExtensions.dht // supports DHT (bep_0005)
wire.peerExtensions.extended // supports extended messages (bep_0005)

keep-alive

You can enable the keep-alive ping (triggered every 60s).

// starts the keep alive
wire.setKeepAlive(true)
wire.on('keep-alive', () => {
	// peer sent a keep alive - just ignore it
})

fast extension (BEP 6)

This module has built-in support for the BitTorrent Fast Extension (BEP 6).

The Fast Extension introduces several messages to make the protocol more efficient: have-none, have-all, suggest, reject, and allowed-fast.

wire.handshake(infoHash, peerId, { fast: true })

wire.hasFast // true if Fast Extension is available, required to call the following methods

wire.haveNone() // instead of wire.bitfield(buffer) with an all-zero buffer
wire.on('have-none', () => {
  // instead of bitfield with an all-zero buffer
})

wire.haveAll() // instead of wire.bitfield(buffer) with an all-one buffer
wire.on('have-all', () => {
  // instead of bitfield with an all-one buffer
})

wire.suggest(pieceIndex) // suggest requesting a piece to the peer
wire.on('suggest', (pieceIndex) => {
  // peer suggests requesting piece
})

wire.on('allowed-fast', (pieceIndex) => {
  // piece may be obtained from peer while choked
})

wire.peerAllowedFastSet // list of allowed-fast pieces

// Note rejection is handled automatically on choke or request error
wire.reject(pieceIndex, offset, length) // reject a request
wire.on('reject', (pieceIndex, offset, length) => {
  // peer rejected a request
})

extension protocol (BEP 10)

This module has built-in support for the BitTorrent Extension Protocol (BEP 10).

The intention of BEP 10 is to provide a simple and thin transport for extensions to the bittorrent protocol. Most extensions to the protocol use BEP 10 so they can add new features to the protocol without interfering with the standard bittorrent protocol or clients that don't support the new extension.

An example of a BitTorrent extension that uses BEP 10 is ut_metadata (BEP 9), the extension that allows magnet uris to work.

wire.extended(code, buffer)

This package, bittorrent-protocol, also provides an extension API to make it easy to add extensions to this module using the "extension protocol" (BEP 10). For example, to support ut_metadata (BEP 9), you need only install the ut_metadata npm module and call wire.use(). See the Extension API section for more information.

transfer stats

Check how many bytes you have uploaded and download, and current speed

wire.uploaded // number of bytes uploaded
wire.downloaded // number of bytes downloaded

wire.uploadSpeed() // upload speed - bytes per second
wire.downloadSpeed() // download speed - bytes per second

wire.on('download', numberOfBytes => {
  ...
})
wire.on('upload', numberOfBytes => {
  ...
})

extension api

This package supports a simple extension API so you can extend the default protocol functionality with common protocol extensions like ut_metadata (magnet uris).

Here are the bittorrent-protocol extensions that we know about:

• ut_metadata - Extension for Peers to Send Metadata Files (BEP 9)
• ut_pex - Extension for Peer Discovery (PEX)
• Add yours here! Send a pull request!

In short, an extension can register itself with at a certain name, which will be added to the extended protocol handshake sent to the remote peer. Extensions can also hook events like 'handshake' and 'extended'. To use an extension, simply require it and call wire.use().

Here is an example of the ut_metadata extension being used with bittorrent-protocol:

import Protocol from 'bittorrent-protocol'
import net from 'net'
import ut_metadata from 'ut_metadata'

net.createServer(socket => {
  const wire = new Protocol()
  socket.pipe(wire).pipe(socket)

  // initialize the extension
  wire.use(ut_metadata())

  // all `ut_metadata` functionality can now be accessed at wire.ut_metadata

  // ask the peer to send us metadata
  wire.ut_metadata.fetch()

  // 'metadata' event will fire when the metadata arrives and is verified to be correct!
  wire.ut_metadata.on('metadata', metadata => {
    // got metadata!

    // Note: the event will not fire if the peer does not support ut_metadata, if they
    // don't have metadata yet either, if they repeatedly send invalid data, or if they
    // simply don't respond.
  })

  // optionally, listen to the 'warning' event if you want to know that metadata is
  // probably not going to arrive for one of the above reasons.
  wire.ut_metadata.on('warning', err => {
    console.log(err.message)
  })

  // handle handshake
  wire.on('handshake', (infoHash, peerId) => {
    // receive a handshake (infoHash and peerId are hex strings)
    wire.handshake(new Buffer('my info hash'), new Buffer('my peer id'))
  })

}).listen(6881)

If you want to write your own extension, take a look at the ut_metadata index.js file to see how it's done.

license

MIT. Copyright (c) Feross Aboukhadijeh, Mathias Buus, and WebTorrent, LLC.

Changelog

4.1.12 (2024-06-01)

Bug Fixes

• deps: update dependency debug to ^4.3.5 (38c6c8a)