html-entities

What is html-entities?

The html-entities package is a utility for encoding and decoding HTML entities. It can encode and decode a wide range of characters, including special characters, symbols, and emojis, to their corresponding HTML entities and vice versa. This is useful for preventing XSS attacks, rendering special characters in web pages, and working with text that includes characters that need to be escaped in HTML.

What are html-entities's main functionalities?

Encode special characters to HTML entities

This feature allows you to convert characters that have special meaning in HTML into their corresponding entities, making it safe to insert the text into HTML documents.

const { encode } = require('html-entities');
const result = encode('<div>Hello & Welcome!</div>');
console.log(result); // &lt;div&gt;Hello &amp; Welcome!&lt;/div&gt;

Decode HTML entities to their original characters

This feature enables you to convert HTML entities back into their original characters, which is useful when you need to process or display the text as it was originally intended.

const { decode } = require('html-entities');
const result = decode('<div>Hello & Welcome!</div>');
console.log(result); // <div>Hello & Welcome!</div>

Support for all HTML5 entities

The package includes support for all named HTML5 entities, allowing you to encode and decode a comprehensive set of characters.

const { encode } = require('html-entities');
const result = encode('© ∆');
console.log(result); // © Δ

Handling of non-ASCII characters

This feature is specifically for encoding non-ASCII characters into their numerical HTML entity equivalents, which can be important for internationalization and dealing with various character sets.

const { encodeNonAsciiHTML } = require('html-entities');
const result = encodeNonAsciiHTML('Привет!');
console.log(result); // Привет!

Other packages similar to html-entities

he

The 'he' package is an HTML entity encoder/decoder written in JavaScript. It is robust and handles a large number of character references. Compared to html-entities, 'he' claims to be the fastest and most comprehensive HTML entity library, and it strictly adheres to the HTML5 specification.

entities

The 'entities' package is another library for encoding and decoding HTML entities. It is used internally by the 'htmlparser2' library, which is a fast and forgiving HTML/XML parser. While 'entities' offers similar functionality to html-entities, it is particularly optimized for use with 'htmlparser2' and may be more suitable for parsing tasks.

README

html-entities

Fastest HTML entities library.

Comes with both TypeScript and Flow types.

Installation

$ npm install html-entities

Usage

encode(text, options)

Encodes text replacing HTML special characters (<>&"') plus other character ranges depending on mode option value.

import {encode} from 'html-entities';

encode('< > " \' & © ∆');
// -> '&lt; &gt; &quot; &apos; &amp; © ∆'

encode('< ©', {mode: 'nonAsciiPrintable'});
// -> '&lt; &copy;'

encode('< ©', {mode: 'nonAsciiPrintable', level: 'xml'});
// -> '&lt; &#169;'

Options:

level

• all alias to html5 (default).
• html5 uses HTML5 named references.
• html4 uses HTML4 named references.
• xml uses XML named references.

mode

• specialChars encodes only HTML special characters (default).
• nonAscii encodes HTML special characters and everything outside of the ASCII character range.
• nonAsciiPrintable encodes HTML special characters and everything outiside of the ASCII printable characters.
• extensive encodes all non-printable characters, non-ASCII characters and all characters with named references.

numeric

• decimal uses decimal numbers when encoding html entities. i.e. © (default).
• hexadecimal uses hexadecimal numbers when encoding html entities. i.e. ©.

decode(text, options)

Decodes text replacing entities to characters. Unknown entities are left as is.

import {decode} from 'html-entities';

decode('< > " ' & © ∆');
// -> '< > " \' & © ∆'

decode('&copy;', {level: 'html5'});
// -> '©'

decode('&copy;', {level: 'xml'});
// -> '&copy;'

Options:

level

• all alias to html5 (default).
• html5 uses HTML5 named references.
• html4 uses HTML4 named references.
• xml uses XML named references.

scope

• body emulates behavior of browser when parsing tag bodies: entities without semicolon are also replaced (default).
• attribute emulates behavior of browser when parsing tag attributes: entities without semicolon are replaced when not followed by equality sign =.
• strict ignores entities without semicolon.

decodeEntity(text, options)

Decodes a single HTML entity. Unknown entitiy is left as is.

import {decodeEntity} from 'html-entities';

decodeEntity('<');
// -> '<'

decodeEntity('&copy;', {level: 'html5'});
// -> '©'

decodeEntity('&copy;', {level: 'xml'});
// -> '&copy;'

Options:

level

• all alias to html5 (default).
• html5 uses HTML5 named references.
• html4 uses HTML4 named references.
• xml uses XML named references.

Performance

Statistically significant comparison with other libraries using benchmark.js. Results by this library are marked with *. The source code of the benchmark is available at benchmark/benchmark.ts.

Common

    Initialization / Load speed

      * #1: html-entities x 2,544,400 ops/sec ±4.52% (77 runs sampled)
        #2: entities x 1,757,526 ops/sec ±3.99% (81 runs sampled)
        #3: he x 1,281,542 ops/sec ±9.31% (74 runs sampled)

HTML5

    Encode test

      * #1: html-entities.encode - html5, nonAscii x 402,711 ops/sec ±0.61% (92 runs sampled)
      * #2: html-entities.encode - html5, nonAsciiPrintable x 402,631 ops/sec ±2.99% (92 runs sampled)
      * #3: html-entities.encode - html5, extensive x 269,162 ops/sec ±0.26% (97 runs sampled)
        #4: entities.encodeNonAsciiHTML x 260,447 ops/sec ±2.53% (95 runs sampled)
        #5: entities.encodeHTML x 101,059 ops/sec ±3.99% (91 runs sampled)
        #6: he.encode x 93,180 ops/sec ±3.17% (92 runs sampled)

    Decode test

      * #1: html-entities.decode - html5, attribute x 340,043 ops/sec ±2.82% (92 runs sampled)
      * #2: html-entities.decode - html5, body x 330,002 ops/sec ±1.52% (87 runs sampled)
      * #3: html-entities.decode - html5, strict x 320,582 ops/sec ±5.34% (88 runs sampled)
        #4: entities.decodeHTMLStrict x 286,294 ops/sec ±3.14% (89 runs sampled)
        #5: entities.decodeHTML x 232,856 ops/sec ±3.05% (90 runs sampled)
        #6: he.decode x 163,300 ops/sec ±0.62% (92 runs sampled)

HTML4

    Encode test

      * #1: html-entities.encode - html4, nonAsciiPrintable x 391,885 ops/sec ±0.27% (95 runs sampled)
      * #2: html-entities.encode - html4, nonAscii x 400,086 ops/sec ±2.54% (94 runs sampled)
      * #3: html-entities.encode - html4, extensive x 193,623 ops/sec ±2.70% (92 runs sampled)

    Decode test

      * #1: html-entities.decode - html4, attribute x 356,174 ops/sec ±0.49% (96 runs sampled)
      * #2: html-entities.decode - html4, body x 342,666 ops/sec ±2.38% (91 runs sampled)
      * #3: html-entities.decode - html4, strict x 341,667 ops/sec ±4.46% (87 runs sampled)

XML

    Encode test

      * #1: html-entities.encode - xml, nonAscii x 450,968 ops/sec ±2.73% (92 runs sampled)
      * #2: html-entities.encode - xml, nonAsciiPrintable x 432,058 ops/sec ±4.12% (93 runs sampled)
      * #3: html-entities.encode - xml, extensive x 265,336 ops/sec ±3.41% (93 runs sampled)
        #4: entities.encodeXML x 254,862 ops/sec ±3.01% (95 runs sampled)

    Decode test

      * #1: html-entities.decode - xml, strict x 432,820 ops/sec ±0.53% (89 runs sampled)
      * #2: html-entities.decode - xml, attribute x 426,037 ops/sec ±0.75% (94 runs sampled)
      * #3: html-entities.decode - xml, body x 424,618 ops/sec ±3.47% (93 runs sampled)
        #4: entities.decodeXML x 378,536 ops/sec ±2.48% (93 runs sampled)

Escaping

    Escape test

      * #1: html-entities.encode - xml, specialChars x 1,424,362 ops/sec ±0.55% (95 runs sampled)
        #2: he.escape x 962,420 ops/sec ±3.12% (94 runs sampled)
        #3: entities.escapeUTF8 x 443,138 ops/sec ±1.06% (90 runs sampled)
        #4: entities.escape x 197,515 ops/sec ±2.73% (91 runs sampled)

License

MIT

Security contact information

To report a security vulnerability, please use the Tidelift security contact. Tidelift will coordinate the fix and disclosure.

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