html-parse-stringify

What is html-parse-stringify?

The html-parse-stringify npm package is a lightweight tool for parsing HTML into AST (Abstract Syntax Tree) and vice versa, i.e., stringifying AST back into HTML. It is particularly useful for tasks where you need to manipulate or analyze HTML structures programmatically without the overhead of a full DOM parser.

What are html-parse-stringify's main functionalities?

Parsing HTML to AST

This feature allows you to convert an HTML string into a structured AST, which can be easily manipulated or analyzed in JavaScript.

const htmlParseStringify = require('html-parse-stringify');
const ast = htmlParseStringify.parse('<div>Hello, <strong>world!</strong></div>');

Stringifying AST to HTML

This feature enables you to take an AST and convert it back into an HTML string. This is useful when you have manipulated the AST and want to generate the updated HTML.

const htmlParseStringify = require('html-parse-stringify');
const ast = [{ tag: 'div', attrs: {}, children: [{ text: 'Hello, ' }, { tag: 'strong', attrs: {}, children: [{ text: 'world!' }] }] }];
const html = htmlParseStringify.stringify(ast);

Other packages similar to html-parse-stringify

parse5

Parse5 is a full-fledged HTML parsing/serialization toolset for Node.js, which adheres to the HTML5 specification. It is more feature-rich and heavier compared to html-parse-stringify, providing a full DOM tree rather than a simple AST.

cheerio

Cheerio is a fast, flexible, and lean implementation of core jQuery designed specifically for the server. It uses a subset of the parse5 parser and provides a familiar jQuery interface to manipulate the parsed HTML structure. It is more powerful for DOM manipulation but also heavier than html-parse-stringify.

htmlparser2

Htmlparser2 is a forgiving HTML and XML parser. It is faster and less strict than parse5, making it a good alternative for parsing imperfect HTML. It provides a callback-based API for handling parsed data, which is different from the AST approach of html-parse-stringify.

README

html-parse-stringify

This is an experimental lightweight approach to enable quickly parsing HTML into an AST and stringify'ing it back to the original string.

As it turns out, if you can make a the simplifying assumptions about HTML that all tags must be closed or self-closing. Which is OK for this particular application. You can write a super light/fast parser in JS with regex.

"Why on earth would you do this?! Haven't you read: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1732348/regex-match-open-tags-except-xhtml-self-contained-tags ?!?!"

Why yes, yes I have :)

But the truth is. If you could do this in a whopping grand total of ~600 bytes (min+gzip) as this repo shows. It potentially enables DOM diffing based on a HTML strings to be super light and fast in a browser. What is that you say? DOM-diffing?

Yes.

React.js essentially pioneered the approach. With React you render to a "virtual DOM" whenever you want to, and the virtual DOM can then diff against the real DOM (or the last virtual DOM) and then turn that diff into whatever transformations are necessary to get the real DOM to match what you rendered as efficiently as possible.

As a result, when you're building a single page app, you don't have to worry so much about bindings. Instead, you simple re-render to the virtual DOM whenever you know something's changed. All of a sudden being able to have change events for individual properties becomes less important, instead you can just reference those values in your template whenever you think something changed.

Cool idea, right?!

So why this?

Well, there are other things React expects me to do if I use it that I don't like. Such as the custom templating and syntax you have to use.

If, hypothetically, you could instead diff an HTML string (generated by whatever templating language of your choice) against the DOM, then you'd get the same benefit, sans React's impositions.

This may all turn out to be a bad idea altogether, but initial results seem promising when paired with virtual-dom.

But you can't just diff HTML strings, as simple strings, very easily, in order to diff two HTML node trees you have to first turn that string into a tree structure of some sort. Typically, the thing you generate from parsing something like this is called an AST (abstract syntax tree).

This lib does exactly that.

It has two methods:

1. parse
2. stringify

.parse(htmlString, options)

Takes a string of HTML and turns it into an AST, the only option you can currently pass is an object of registered components whose children will be ignored when generating the AST.

.stringify(AST)

Takes an AST and turns it back into a string of HTML.

What does the AST look like?

See comments in the following example:

var HTML = require('html-parse-stringify')

// this html:
var html = '<div class="oh"><p>hi</p></div>'

// becomes this AST:
var ast = HTML.parse(html)

console.log(ast)
/*
{
    // can be `tag`, `text` or `component`
    type: 'tag',

    // name of tag if relevant
    name: 'div',
    
    // parsed attribute object
    attrs: {
        class: 'oh'
    },

    // whether this is a self-closing tag
    // such as <img/>
    voidElement: false,

    // an array of child nodes
    // we see the same structure
    // repeated in each of these
    children: [
        {
            type: 'tag',
            name: 'p',
            attrs: {},
            voidElement: false,
            children: [
                // this is a text node
                // it also has a `type`
                // but nothing other than
                // a `content` containing
                // its text.
                {
                    type: 'text',
                    content: 'hi'
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}
*/

the AST node types

1. tag

properties:

• type - will always be tag for this type of node
• name - tag name, such as 'div'
• attrs - an object of key/value pairs. If an attribute has multiple space-separated items such as classes, they'll still be in a single string, for example: class: "class1 class2"
• voidElement - true or false. Whether this tag is a known void element as defined by spec.
• children - array of child nodes. Note that any continuous string of text is a text node child, see below.

2. text

properties:

• type - will always be text for this type of node
• content - text content of the node

3. component

If you pass an object of components as part of the options object passed as the second argument to .parse() then the AST won't keep parsing that branch of the DOM tree when it one of those registered components.

This is so that it's possible to ignore sections of the tree that you may want to handle by another "subview" in your application that handles it's own DOM diffing.

properties:

• type - will always be component for this type of node
• name - tag name, such as 'div'
• attrs - an object of key/value pairs. If an attribute has multiple space-separated items such as classes, they'll still be in a single string, for example: class: "class1 class2"
• voidElement - true or false. Whether this tag is a known void element as defined by spec.
• children - it will still have a children array, but it will always be empty.

changelog

• 3.0.1 Merged #47 which makes void elements check case insensitive. Thanks again, @adrai for this contribution!
• 3.0.0 Merged #46 which fixed an issue with handling of whitespace. Doing major version bump since this changes behavior if you have whitespace only nodes (see merged PR and #45 for more details). Thanks @adrai for this contribution!
• 2.1.1 Merged #41 which fixed an issue with tag nesting. Thanks @ericponto.
• 2.1.0 Merged support for numeric tags. This allows a use case described in this PR. Thanks @kachkaev.
• 2.0.3 Fixed failed publish. Accidentally published an empty package :sweat_smile:
• 2.0.2 Fixed incorrect attribution for vulnerability disclosure. The vulnerability was discovered by Yeting Li. Sam Sanoop was the one who reached out to me about it.
• 2.0.1 Addressing a reported regular expression denial of service issue found by Yeting Li and reported to me by Sam Sanoop of Snyk THANK YOU!. The issue was that sending certain input would cause one of the regular expressions we used to lock up and not finish, freezing the process. See the test that was added for details. To be clear, this lib wasn't meant for parsing non-well formed HTML. But, better safe than sorry! So we're fixing it.
• 2.0.0 updated to more modern dependencies/build system. Switched to prettier, etc. No big feature differences, just new build system/project structure. Added support for top level text nodes thanks to @jperl. Added support for comments thanks to @pconerly.
• 1.0.0 - 1.0.3 no big changes, bug fixes and speed improvements.

credits

If this sounds interesting you should probably follow @HenrikJoreteg and @Philip_Roberts on twitter to see how this all turns out.

license

MIT