C++ macro oriented framework in single header file for easier export of ioctl numbers to JavaScript and TypeScript. Removes the need of building native C++ Node.js Addons
C++ macro oriented framework in single header file for easier export of ioctl numbers to JavaScript and TypeScript. Removes the need of building native C++ Node.js Addons
Install with npm:
$ npm install ioctl-enum
Before including the header file:
#include "node_modules/ioctl-enum/ioctl-enum.h"
Define for which language you want to export for: (JavaScript, TypeScript or both) (see FAQ why defines must be before including the header):
#define IOCTL_ENUM_JS
#define IOCTL_ENUM_TS
Give a name to your enum:
IOCTL_ENUM("SomeName");
Add ioctl numbers to your enum:
IOCTL_ENUM("IOCTL_NUMBER", IOCTL_NUMBER);
Export your enum to language/s you defined with IOCTL_ENUM_[J/T]S:
IOCTL_ENUM_EXPORT();
Compile the file with g++ and C++11 Standart turned on (see FAQ why only g++ can be used) and run it:
g++ -std=c++11 <program name>.c/cc/cpp
./a.out
This will generate SomeName.[j/t]s file/s depending on the language of your choice.
Consider the following abient kernel device driver header:
// ara_tester_ioctl.h
#ifndef _ARA_TESTER_H
#define _ARA_TESTER_H
#ifdef __KERNEL__
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/errno.h>
#include "ara_tester_axis.h"
static int on_open(struct inode* inode, struct file* file);
static int on_release(struct inode* inode, struct file* file);
static long on_unlocked_ioctl(struct file * file, unsigned int command, unsigned long arguemnt);
static int __init on_init(void);
static void on_exit(void);
#else
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#endif
#define ARA_TESTER_MAGIC_NUMBER '?'
#define _ARA_TESTER_DEFINE_IOCTL(action, number) _IO##action(ARA_TESTER_MAGIC_NUMBER, number, unsigned long)
#define ARA_TESTER_PAUSE _IO(ARA_TESTER_MAGIC_NUMBER, 0)
#define ARA_TESTER_RESUME _IO(ARA_TESTER_MAGIC_NUMBER, 1)
#define ARA_TESTER_SET_DIR _ARA_TESTER_DEFINE_IOCTL(W, 2)
#define ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MAX _ARA_TESTER_DEFINE_IOCTL(W, 3)
#define ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MIN _ARA_TESTER_DEFINE_IOCTL(W, 4)
#define ARA_TESTER_SET_T_DELTA _ARA_TESTER_DEFINE_IOCTL(W, 5)
#define ARA_TESTER_SET_LINEAR _ARA_TESTER_DEFINE_IOCTL(W, 6)
#define ARA_TESTER_GET_ACTIVE _ARA_TESTER_DEFINE_IOCTL(R, 7)
#define ARA_TESTER_GET_PAUSE _ARA_TESTER_DEFINE_IOCTL(R, 8)
#define ARA_TESTER_GET_TOTAL _ARA_TESTER_DEFINE_IOCTL(R, 9)
#define ARA_TESTER_GET_COUNTER _ARA_TESTER_DEFINE_IOCTL(R, 10)
#define ARA_TESTER_GET_MOVMENT_STATE _ARA_TESTER_DEFINE_IOCTL(R, 11)
#define ARA_TESTER_EXEC _ARA_TESTER_DEFINE_IOCTL(R, 12)
#define ARA_TESTER_LAST_IOCTL 12
#endif
// export_ioctl_js.cc
#define IOCTL_ENUM_JS
#include "node_modules/ioctl-enum/ioctl-enum.h"
#include <ara_tester_ioctl.h>
IOCTL_ENUM("ARA_TESTER");
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_PAUSE", ARA_TESTER_PAUSE);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_RESUME", ARA_TESTER_RESUME);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_SET_DIR", ARA_TESTER_SET_DIR);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MAX", ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MAX);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MIN", ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MIN);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_SET_T_DELTA", ARA_TESTER_SET_T_DELTA);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_SET_LINEAR", ARA_TESTER_SET_LINEAR);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_GET_ACTIVE", ARA_TESTER_GET_ACTIVE);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_GET_PAUSE", ARA_TESTER_GET_PAUSE);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_GET_TOTAL", ARA_TESTER_GET_TOTAL);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_GET_COUNTER", ARA_TESTER_GET_COUNTER);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_GET_MOVMENT_STATE", ARA_TESTER_GET_MOVMENT_STATE);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_EXEC", ARA_TESTER_EXEC);
IOCTL_ENUM_EXPORT();
g++ -std=c++11 export_ioctl_js.cc
./a.out
// ARA_TESTER.js
exports.ARA_TESTER = {
ARA_TESTER_PAUSE: 16128,
ARA_TESTER_RESUME: 16129,
ARA_TESTER_SET_DIR: 1074282242,
ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MAX: 1074282243,
ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MIN: 1074282244,
ARA_TESTER_SET_T_DELTA: 1074282245,
ARA_TESTER_SET_LINEAR: 1074282246,
ARA_TESTER_GET_ACTIVE: 2148024071,
ARA_TESTER_GET_PAUSE: 2148024072,
ARA_TESTER_GET_TOTAL: 2148024073,
ARA_TESTER_GET_COUNTER: 2148024074,
ARA_TESTER_GET_MOVMENT_STATE: 2148024075,
ARA_TESTER_EXEC: 2148024076
};
And then require and use the generated object:
// In JavaScript
const { ARA_TESTER } = require('./ARA_TESTER');
console.log(ARA_TESTER.ARA_TESTER_EXEC);
// export_ioctl_ts.cc
#define IOCTL_ENUM_TS
#include "node_modules/ioctl-enum/ioctl-enum.h"
#include <ara_tester_ioctl.h>
IOCTL_ENUM("ARA_TESTER");
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_PAUSE", ARA_TESTER_PAUSE);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_RESUME", ARA_TESTER_RESUME);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_SET_DIR", ARA_TESTER_SET_DIR);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MAX", ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MAX);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MIN", ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MIN);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_SET_T_DELTA", ARA_TESTER_SET_T_DELTA);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_SET_LINEAR", ARA_TESTER_SET_LINEAR);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_GET_ACTIVE", ARA_TESTER_GET_ACTIVE);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_GET_PAUSE", ARA_TESTER_GET_PAUSE);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_GET_TOTAL", ARA_TESTER_GET_TOTAL);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_GET_COUNTER", ARA_TESTER_GET_COUNTER);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_GET_MOVMENT_STATE", ARA_TESTER_GET_MOVMENT_STATE);
IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL("ARA_TESTER_EXEC", ARA_TESTER_EXEC);
IOCTL_ENUM_EXPORT();
g++ -std=c++11 export_ioctl_ts.cc
./a.out
// ARA_TESTER.ts
export const enum ARA_TESTER {
ARA_TESTER_PAUSE = 16128,
ARA_TESTER_RESUME = 16129,
ARA_TESTER_SET_DIR = 1074282242,
ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MAX = 1074282243,
ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MIN = 1074282244,
ARA_TESTER_SET_T_DELTA = 1074282245,
ARA_TESTER_SET_LINEAR = 1074282246,
ARA_TESTER_GET_ACTIVE = 2148024071,
ARA_TESTER_GET_PAUSE = 2148024072,
ARA_TESTER_GET_TOTAL = 2148024073,
ARA_TESTER_GET_COUNTER = 2148024074,
ARA_TESTER_GET_MOVMENT_STATE = 2148024075,
ARA_TESTER_EXEC = 2148024076
};
And then require and use the generated const enum:
// In TypeScript
import { ARA_TESTER } from './ARA_TESTER';
console.log(ARA_TESTER.ARA_TESTER_EXEC);
Just add both defines before any including:
#define IOCTL_ENUM_JS
#define IOCTL_ENUM_TS
Add ioctl-enum's ioctls exporting to your building. Generate the TypeScript enum/ JavaScript object for each machine your project will be running at, ioctl-enum just uses the result of _IO, _IOR, _IOW, _IOWR macros wich is unsigned long C number and it differs at different Unixes, Distributions and versions. Just like you would build the native C++ Addon that wrapps the ioctl numbers on each machine !!!
This is why:
// Ran on my laptop (Ubuntu 16.04)
// ARA_TESTER.ts
export const enum ARA_TESTER {
ARA_TESTER_PAUSE = 16128,
ARA_TESTER_RESUME = 16129,
ARA_TESTER_SET_DIR = 1074282242,
ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MAX = 1074282243,
ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MIN = 1074282244,
ARA_TESTER_SET_T_DELTA = 1074282245,
ARA_TESTER_SET_LINEAR = 1074282246,
ARA_TESTER_GET_ACTIVE = 2148024071,
ARA_TESTER_GET_PAUSE = 2148024072,
ARA_TESTER_GET_TOTAL = 2148024073,
ARA_TESTER_GET_COUNTER = 2148024074,
ARA_TESTER_GET_MOVMENT_STATE = 2148024075,
ARA_TESTER_EXEC = 2148024076
};
// Ran on my Raspberry Pi 2 B+ (Raspbian May 2016 2016-05-27 4.4.1.17)
// ARA_TESTER.ts
export const enum ARA_TESTER {
ARA_TESTER_PAUSE = 16128,
ARA_TESTER_RESUME = 16129,
ARA_TESTER_SET_DIR = 1074020098,
ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MAX = 1074020099,
ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MIN = 1074020100,
ARA_TESTER_SET_T_DELTA = 1074020101,
ARA_TESTER_SET_LINEAR = 1074020102,
ARA_TESTER_GET_ACTIVE = 2147761927,
ARA_TESTER_GET_PAUSE = 2147761928,
ARA_TESTER_GET_TOTAL = 2147761929,
ARA_TESTER_GET_COUNTER = 2147761930,
ARA_TESTER_GET_MOVMENT_STATE = 2147761931,
ARA_TESTER_EXEC = 2147761932
};
A: Well beacuse just for exporting N ioctl numbers to Node.js you will write alot of code for just creating a JavaScript Object why not let ioctl-enum do it for you ? Also exporting with ioctl-enum is going to cost you N + 4 lines of code just to export you ioctls so you can controll your device driver from Node.js.
A: Because they tell the framework for which language to implement exporting functionality. The header file is structured like this:
#define IOCTL_ENUM_OPERATION_SINGLE(arg1, arg2) /* ... */
#ifdef IOCTL_ENUM_X
#define _IOCTL_ENUM_OPERATION_X() _IOCTL_ENUM_OPERATION_SINGLE(arg1, arg2)
#else
IOCTL_ENUM_OPERATION_X() _IOCTL_ENUM_DO_NOP()
#endif
#define IOCTL_ENUM_OPERATION() \
_IOCTL_ENUM_OPERATION_X(); \
_IOCTL_ENUM_OPERATION_Y() \
Which is the only way to simulate the language agnostic construction:
if(X) {
/* ... */
}
Also this way the code is modular it's easy to add more exporting formats for more languages (eg. JSON).
A: Alot of gcc and respectively g++ hacks are used in to make the framework as easy to use as possible (eg. operators #, ##) Also g++ is avalible for all unixes and unix is the platform where ioctls are used in first place so there shouldn't be a problem whith g++ beeing required.
A: g++ with version above 4.8 is garanted to work since it's C++11 future complete. Earlier versions may work as well infact any version that supports std::to_string will work.
A: Using IOCTL_ENUM, IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL and IOCTL_ENUM_EXPORT forms a whole C++ program that has it's own int main function wich generates strings as you use IOCTL_ENUM and IOCTL_ENUM_IOCTL and than writes these strings to files when you call IOCTL_ENUM_EXPORT.
Under the hood: this is how int main function would looked like if ioctl numbers from exaple were exported both to JavaScript and TypeScript:
int main(void) {
std::ofstream out_file;
std::string enum_name = "ARA_TESTER";
std::string f_name;
std::string tmp;
std::string str_js = "exports.";
str_js += enum_name;
str_js += " = {\n";
std::string str_ts = "export const enum ";
str_ts += enum_name;
str_ts += "{\n";;
str_js += "\t";
str_js += "ARA_TESTER_PAUSE";
str_js += ": ";
str_js += std::to_string((((0U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((0)) << 0) | ((0) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_js += ",\n";
str_ts += "\t";
str_ts += "ARA_TESTER_PAUSE";
str_ts += " = ";
str_ts += std::to_string((((0U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((0)) << 0) | ((0) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_ts += ",\n";
str_js += "\t";
str_js += "ARA_TESTER_RESUME";
str_js += ": ";
str_js += std::to_string((((0U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((1)) << 0) | ((0) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_js += ",\n";
str_ts += "\t";
str_ts += "ARA_TESTER_RESUME";
str_ts += " = ";
str_ts += std::to_string((((0U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((1)) << 0) | ((0) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_ts += ",\n";
str_js += "\t";
str_js += "ARA_TESTER_SET_DIR";
str_js += ": ";
str_js += std::to_string((((1U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((2)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_js += ",\n";
str_ts += "\t";
str_ts += "ARA_TESTER_SET_DIR";
str_ts += " = ";
str_ts += std::to_string((((1U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((2)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_ts += ",\n";
str_js += "\t";
str_js += "ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MAX";
str_js += ": ";
str_js += std::to_string((((1U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((3)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_js += ",\n";
str_ts += "\t";
str_ts += "ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MAX";
str_ts += " = ";
str_ts += std::to_string((((1U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((3)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_ts += ",\n";
str_js += "\t";
str_js += "ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MIN";
str_js += ": ";
str_js += std::to_string((((1U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((4)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_js += ",\n";
str_ts += "\t";
str_ts += "ARA_TESTER_SET_T_MIN";
str_ts += " = ";
str_ts += std::to_string((((1U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((4)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_ts += ",\n";
str_js += "\t";
str_js += "ARA_TESTER_SET_T_DELTA";
str_js += ": ";
str_js += std::to_string((((1U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((5)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_js += ",\n";
str_ts += "\t";
str_ts += "ARA_TESTER_SET_T_DELTA";
str_ts += " = ";
str_ts += std::to_string((((1U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((5)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_ts += ",\n";
str_js += "\t";
str_js += "ARA_TESTER_SET_LINEAR";
str_js += ": ";
str_js += std::to_string((((1U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((6)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_js += ",\n";
str_ts += "\t";
str_ts += "ARA_TESTER_SET_LINEAR";
str_ts += " = ";
str_ts += std::to_string((((1U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((6)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_ts += ",\n";
str_js += "\t";
str_js += "ARA_TESTER_GET_ACTIVE";
str_js += ": ";
str_js += std::to_string((((2U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((7)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_js += ",\n";
str_ts += "\t";
str_ts += "ARA_TESTER_GET_ACTIVE";
str_ts += " = ";
str_ts += std::to_string((((2U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((7)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_ts += ",\n";
str_js += "\t";
str_js += "ARA_TESTER_GET_PAUSE";
str_js += ": ";
str_js += std::to_string((((2U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((8)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_js += ",\n";
str_ts += "\t";
str_ts += "ARA_TESTER_GET_PAUSE";
str_ts += " = ";
str_ts += std::to_string((((2U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((8)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_ts += ",\n";
str_js += "\t";
str_js += "ARA_TESTER_GET_TOTAL";
str_js += ": ";
str_js += std::to_string((((2U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((9)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_js += ",\n";
str_ts += "\t";
str_ts += "ARA_TESTER_GET_TOTAL";
str_ts += " = ";
str_ts += std::to_string((((2U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((9)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_ts += ",\n";
str_js += "\t";
str_js += "ARA_TESTER_GET_COUNTER";
str_js += ": ";
str_js += std::to_string((((2U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((10)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_js += ",\n";
str_ts += "\t";
str_ts += "ARA_TESTER_GET_COUNTER";
str_ts += " = ";
str_ts += std::to_string((((2U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((10)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_ts += ",\n";
str_js += "\t";
str_js += "ARA_TESTER_GET_MOVMENT_STATE";
str_js += ": ";
str_js += std::to_string((((2U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((11)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_js += ",\n";
str_ts += "\t";
str_ts += "ARA_TESTER_GET_MOVMENT_STATE";
str_ts += " = ";
str_ts += std::to_string((((2U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((11)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_ts += ",\n";
str_js += "\t";
str_js += "ARA_TESTER_EXEC";
str_js += ": ";
str_js += std::to_string((((2U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((12)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_js += ",\n";
str_ts += "\t";
str_ts += "ARA_TESTER_EXEC";
str_ts += " = ";
str_ts += std::to_string((((2U) << (((0 +8)+8)+14)) | ((('?')) << (0 +8)) | (((12)) << 0) | ((((sizeof(unsigned long)))) << ((0 +8)+8))));
str_ts += ",\n";
tmp = str_js;
tmp.pop_back();
tmp.pop_back();
tmp += "\n};\n";
f_name = enum_name;
f_name += ".";
f_name += "js";
out_file.open(f_name.c_str());
out_file << tmp;
out_file.close();
tmp = str_ts;
tmp.pop_back();
tmp.pop_back();
tmp += "\n};\n";
f_name = enum_name;
f_name += ".";
f_name += "ts";
out_file.open(f_name.c_str());
out_file << tmp;
out_file.close();
return 0;
};
You can check for fun yours with the following Node.js code:
// get_main.js
// node get_main.js export_ioctl_both.cc
var fs = require('fs');
var { exec } = require('child_process');
var program = process.argv[2];
exec(`g++ -std=c++11 -E ${program}`, {maxBuffer: 100000000000}, (err, out) => {
if (err) {
console.error(err);
} else {
var remove = '\n\# [0-9]+ \"' + program + '\"( [0-9]+ [0-9]+)?\n';
out = out.substr(out.indexOf("int main"), out.length);
out = out.replace(new RegExp(remove, 'g'), '');
out = out.replace(/; /g, ';\n');
out = out.replace(/ std::ofstream/g, '\nstd::ofstream');
for(var c of 'stdfor') {
out = out.replace(new RegExp('\n' + c, 'g'), '\n\t' + c);
}
console.log(out);
}
});
A: Because last charecter in it is \ and according to C and C++ standart:
If a source file that is not empty does not end in a new-line character, or ends in a new-line character immediately preceded by a backslash character, the behavior is undefined.
Also gcc and g++ respectivly both warns about this, so to be able to have fully generated int main this is a requirement.
FAQs
C++ macro oriented framework in single header file for easier export of ioctl numbers to JavaScript and TypeScript. Removes the need of building native C++ Node.js Addons
The npm package ioctl-enum receives a total of 8 weekly downloads. As such, ioctl-enum popularity was classified as not popular.
We found that ioctl-enum demonstrated a not healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released a year ago. It has 1 open source maintainer collaborating on the project.
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