knip

What is knip?

Knip is a tool for analyzing and managing unused files and dependencies in your JavaScript and TypeScript projects. It helps you keep your codebase clean and efficient by identifying and removing unnecessary code.

What are knip's main functionalities?

Identify Unused Files

This feature allows you to identify files in your project directory that are not being used. The code sample demonstrates how to use Knip to find unused files in the './src' directory.

const knip = require('knip');

knip.findUnusedFiles({
  directory: './src'
}).then(unusedFiles => {
  console.log('Unused files:', unusedFiles);
});

Identify Unused Dependencies

This feature helps you find dependencies listed in your package.json that are not being used in your project. The code sample shows how to use Knip to find unused dependencies in the current directory.

const knip = require('knip');

knip.findUnusedDependencies({
  directory: './'
}).then(unusedDependencies => {
  console.log('Unused dependencies:', unusedDependencies);
});

Remove Unused Files

This feature allows you to automatically remove files that are not being used in your project. The code sample demonstrates how to use Knip to remove unused files in the './src' directory.

const knip = require('knip');

knip.removeUnusedFiles({
  directory: './src'
}).then(() => {
  console.log('Unused files removed');
});

Remove Unused Dependencies

This feature helps you automatically remove dependencies that are not being used in your project. The code sample shows how to use Knip to remove unused dependencies in the current directory.

const knip = require('knip');

knip.removeUnusedDependencies({
  directory: './'
}).then(() => {
  console.log('Unused dependencies removed');
});

Other packages similar to knip

depcheck

Depcheck is a tool that helps you find unused dependencies in your project. It analyzes your codebase to identify dependencies that are not being used. Compared to Knip, Depcheck focuses more on dependencies and does not provide functionality for identifying or removing unused files.

unimported

Unimported is a tool that helps you find and remove unused files and dependencies in your project. It provides similar functionality to Knip, including the ability to identify and remove unused files and dependencies. However, Unimported may have different configuration options and performance characteristics.

madge

Madge is a tool for visualizing and analyzing the dependency graph of your project. It can help you identify circular dependencies and unused files. While Madge provides some overlapping functionality with Knip, it is more focused on visualizing dependencies and analyzing the structure of your codebase.

README

✂️ Knip

Knip finds unused files, dependencies and exports in your JavaScript and TypeScript projects. Less code leads to improved performance, less maintenance and easier refactorings.

export const myVar = true;

ESLint handles files in isolation, so the export keyword "blocks" further analysis. Unused files and dependencies will also not be detected. You could think of Knip as going (far!) beyond the no-unused-vars rule of ESLint. Knip lints the project as a whole (or parts of it).

It's only human to forget removing things that you no longer use. But how do you find out? Where to even start finding things that can be removed?

The dots don't connect themselves. This is where Knip comes in:

• Finds unused files, dependencies and exports.
• Finds dependencies not listed in package.json.
• Verifies that exported symbols are actually used in other files, even when part of an imported namespace.
• Supports JavaScript inside TypeScript projects ("allowJs": true).
• Finds duplicate exports of the same symbol.
• Supports JavaScript ES Module-based projects without a tsconfig.json.
• Features multiple reporters and supports custom reporters.

Knip really shines in larger projects. A little bit of configuration will pay off, I promise. A comparison with similar tools answers the question why another unused file/dependency/export finder?

Knip is a fresh take on keeping your projects clean & tidy!

^{“An orange cow with scissors, Van Gogh style” - generated with OpenAI}

Installation

npm install -D knip

Knip supports LTS versions of Node.js, and currently requires at least Node.js v16.17 or v18.3. Knip is cutting edge!

Usage

Create a configuration file, let's give it the default name knip.json with these contents:

{
  "entryFiles": ["src/index.ts"],
  "projectFiles": ["src/**/*.ts", "!**/*.spec.ts"]
}

The entryFiles target the starting point(s) to resolve production code dependencies. The projectFiles should contain all files it should match them against, including potentially unused files.

Then run the checks:

npx knip

This will analyze the project and output unused files, exports, types and duplicate exports.

How It Works

Knip works by creating two sets of files:

1. Production code is the set of files resolved from the entryFiles.
2. They are matched against the set of projectFiles.
3. The subset of project files that is not production code will be reported as unused files (in red).
4. Then the production code (in blue) will be analyzed for unused exports.

Options

❯ npx knip
knip [options]

Options:
  -c/--config [file]     Configuration file path (default: ./knip.json or package.json#knip)
  -t/--tsConfig [file]   TypeScript configuration path (default: ./tsconfig.json)
  --dir                  Working directory (default: current working directory)
  --include              Report only listed issue type(s) (see below)
  --exclude              Exclude issue type(s) from report (see below)
  --ignore               Ignore files matching this glob pattern (can be set multiple times)
  --no-gitignore         Don't use .gitignore
  --dev                  Include `devDependencies` in report(s)
  --no-progress          Don't show dynamic progress updates
  --max-issues           Maximum number of issues before non-zero exit code (default: 0)
  --reporter             Select reporter: symbols, compact, codeowners (default: symbols)
  --reporter-options     Pass extra options to the reporter (as JSON string, see example)
  --jsdoc                Enable JSDoc parsing, with options: public
  --debug                Show debug output
  --debug-level          Set verbosity of debug output (default: 1, max: 2)

Issue types: files, dependencies, unlisted, exports, nsExports, types, nsTypes, duplicates

Examples:

$ knip
$ knip --dir packages/client --include files
$ knip -c ./knip.js --reporter compact --jsdoc public
$ knip --ignore 'lib/**/*.ts' --ignore build
$ knip --reporter codeowners --reporter-options '{"path":".github/CODEOWNERS"}'

More info: https://github.com/webpro/knip

Performance

🚀 Knip is considerably faster when only the files and/or duplicates types are included. Finding unused exports requires deeper analysis (exports, nsExports, types, nsTypes). The following example commands do the same:

knip --include files --include duplicates
knip --include files,duplicates

Reading the report

After analyzing all the files resolved from the entryFiles against the projectFiles, the report contains the following types of issues:

• files - Unused files: did not find references to this file
• dependencies - Unused dependencies: did not find references to this dependency
• unlisted - Unlisted dependencies: imported dependencies, but not listed in package.json (1)
• exports - Unused exports: did not find references to this exported variable
• nsExports - Unused exports in namespaces: did not find direct references to this exported variable (2)
• types - Unused types: did not find references to this exported type
• nsTypes - Unused types in namespaces: did not find direct references to this exported variable (2)
• duplicates - Duplicate exports: the same thing is exported more than once with different names from the same file

1. This may also include dependencies that could not be resolved properly (such as non-relative local/dir/file.ts not and local not being in node_modules).
2. The variable or type is not referenced directly, and has become a member of a namespace. That's why Knip is not sure whether this export can be removed, so please look into it:

You can --include or --exclude any of the types to slice & dice the report to your needs. Alternatively, they can be added to the configuration (e.g. "exclude": ["dependencies"]).

Now what?

As always, make sure to backup files or use Git before deleting files or making changes. Run tests to verify results.

• Unused files can be removed.
• Unused dependencies can be removed from package.json.
• Unlisted dependencies should be added to package.json.
• Unused exports and types: remove the export keyword in front of unused exports. Then you (or tools such as the TypeScript language server in VS Code and/or ESLint) can see whether the variable or type is used within the same file. If this is not the case, it can be removed.

🔁 Repeat the process to reveal new unused files and exports. Sometimes it's so liberating to remove things!

Production versus non-production code

Feels like you're getting too many false positives? Let's talk about entryFiles and projectFiles.

Production code

The default configuration for Knip is very strict and targets production code. Non-production files such as tests should not be part of the entryFiles and projectFiles. Here's why: test and other non-production files often import production files, which will prevent the production files from being reported as unused. For best results:

• Include only production entry files to the entryFiles.
• Include only and all production files to the projectFiles.
• If necessary, add globs to exclude non-production files from the projectFiles (using negation pattern).

This will ensure Knip understands what production code can be removed.

Non-production code

Non-production code includes files such as unit tests, end-to-end tests, tooling, scripts, Storybook stories, etc. Think of it the same way as the convention to split dependencies and devDependencies in package.json.

To analyze the project as a whole:

• Include both production entry files and test files to the entryFiles.
• Include all production files to the projectFiles.
• If necessary, add globs for non-production files to the projectFiles.
• Set dev: true in the configuration or add --dev as a command line flag (to add devDependencies).

Here's an example:

{
  "dev": true,
  "entryFiles": ["src/index.ts", "src/**/*.spec.ts", "src/**/*.e2e.ts"],
  "projectFiles": ["src/**/*.ts"]
}

Now use -c knip.dev.json to find unused files, dependencies and exports for the project as a whole.

An alternative way to store dev configuration is in this example package.json:

{
  "name": "my-package",
  "scripts": {
    "knip": "knip"
  },
  "knip": {
    "entryFiles": ["src/index.ts"],
    "projectFiles": ["src/**/*.ts", "!**/*.spec.ts"],
    "dev": {
      "entryFiles": ["src/index.ts", "src/**/*.spec.ts", "src/**/*.e2e.ts"],
      "projectFiles": ["src/**/*.ts"]
    }
  }
}

Using the --dev flag will now switch to the non-production analysis.

Depending on the complexity of the project, be aware that it might require some fine-tuning on your end.

Zero-config

Knip can work without any configuration. Then an existing tsconfig.json file is required. Since entryFiles and projectFiles are now the same, Knip is unable to report unused files.

More configuration examples

Monorepos

Separate packages

In repos with multiple (publishable) packages, the --dir option comes in handy. With similar package structures, the packages can be configured using globs:

{
  "packages/*": {
    "entryFiles": ["src/index.ts"],
    "projectFiles": ["src/**/*.{ts,tsx}", "!**/*.spec.{ts,tsx}"]
  }
}

Packages can also be explicitly configured per package directory.

To analyze the packages separately, using the matching pattern from the configuration file:

knip --dir packages/client
knip --dir packages/services

Connected projects

A good example of a large project setup is a monorepo. Let's take an example (Nx) project configuration using Next.js, Jest and Storybook, which has multiple apps and libs. They are not published separately and don't have their own package.json.

This configuration file can also be a JavaScript file, which allows to add logic and/or comments (e.g. knip.js):

const entryFiles = ['apps/**/pages/**/*.{js,ts,tsx}'];

const projectFiles = [
  '{apps,libs}/**/*.{ts,tsx}',
  // Next.js
  '!**/next.config.js',
  '!**/apps/**/public/**',
  '!**/apps/**/next-env.d.ts'
  // Jest
  '!**/jest.config.ts',
  '!**/*.spec.{ts,tsx}',
  // Storybook
  '!**/.storybook/**',
  '!**/*.stories.tsx',
];

module.exports = { entryFiles, projectFiles };

This should give good results about unused files, dependencies and exports for the monorepo. After the first run, the configuration can be tweaked further to the project structure.

Reporters

Knip provides the following built-in reporters:

• json
• symbol (default)
• compact
• codeowners

Custom Reporters

When the provided built-in reporters are not quite sufficient, a custom reporter can be implemented.

Pass --reporter ./my-reporter, with the default export of that module having this interface:

type Reporter = (options: ReporterOptions) => void;

type ReporterOptions = {
  report: Report;
  issues: Issues;
  cwd: string;
  workingDir: string;
  isDev: boolean;
  options: string;
};

The data can then be used to write issues to stdout, a JSON or CSV file, or sent to a service, anything really!

JSON

The json reporter output is meant to be consumed by other tools. It reports in JSON format as an array with one object per file like this:

[
  {
    "file": "src/Registration.tsx",
    "owners": ["@org/owner"],
    "files": true,
    "unlisted": ["react"],
    "exports": ["lowercaseFirstLetter", "RegistrationBox"],
    "types": ["RegistrationServices", "RegistrationAction"],
    "duplicates": ["Registration", "default"]
  }
]

The keys match the known issue types.

Usage Ideas

Use tools like miller or jtbl to consume the JSON and render a table in the terminal.

Table

$ npx knip --reporter json | mlr --ijson --opprint --no-auto-flatten cat
file                  owners      files  unlisted  exports                                types                                     duplicates
src/Registration.tsx  @org/owner  true   react     lowercaseFirstLetter, RegistrationBox  RegistrationServices, RegistrationAction  Registration, default
src/ProductsList.tsx  @org/team   false  -         -                                      ProductDetail                             -

Markdown Table

$ npx knip --reporter json | mlr --ijson --omd --no-auto-flatten cat
| file | owners | files | duplicates |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| src/Registration.tsx | @org/owner | true | Registration, default |
| src/ProductsList.tsx | @org/team | false |  |

Include specific issue types and/or replace the cat command with put for clean output:

npx knip --include files,duplicates --reporter json | mlr --ijson --opprint --no-auto-flatten put 'for (e in $*) { if(is_array($[e])) { $[e] = joinv($[e], ", ") } }'
npx knip --reporter json | mlr --ijson --omd --no-auto-flatten put 'for (e in $*) { if(is_array($[e])) { $[e] = joinv($[e], ", ") } }'

More Output Examples

Symbol (default)

The default reporter shows the sorted symbols first:

$ knip
--- UNUSED FILES (2)
src/chat/helpers.ts
src/components/SideBar.tsx
--- UNUSED DEPENDENCIES (1)
moment
--- UNLISTED DEPENDENCIES (1)
react
--- UNUSED EXPORTS (5)
lowercaseFirstLetter  src/common/src/string/index.ts
RegistrationBox       src/components/Registration.tsx
clamp                 src/css.ts
restoreSession        src/services/authentication.ts
PREFIX                src/services/authentication.ts
--- UNUSED TYPES (4)
enum RegistrationServices  src/components/Registration/registrationMachine.ts
type RegistrationAction    src/components/Registration/registrationMachine.ts
type ComponentProps        src/components/Registration.tsx
interface ProductDetail    src/types/Product.ts
--- DUPLICATE EXPORTS (2)
Registration, default  src/components/Registration.tsx
ProductsList, default  src/components/Products.tsx

Compact

The compact reporter shows the sorted files first, and then a list of symbols:

$ knip --reporter compact
--- UNUSED FILES (2)
src/chat/helpers.ts
src/components/SideBar.tsx
--- UNUSED DEPENDENCIES (1)
moment
--- UNLISTED DEPENDENCIES (1)
react
--- UNUSED EXPORTS (4)
src/common/src/string/index.ts: lowercaseFirstLetter
src/components/Registration.tsx: RegistrationBox
src/css.ts: clamp
src/services/authentication.ts: restoreSession, PREFIX
--- UNUSED TYPES (3)
src/components/Registration/registrationMachine.ts: RegistrationServices, RegistrationAction
src/components/Registration.tsx: ComponentProps
src/types/Product.ts: ProductDetail
--- DUPLICATE EXPORTS (2)
src/components/Registration.tsx: Registration, default
src/components/Products.tsx: ProductsList, default

Code Owners

The codeowners reporter is like compact, but shows the sorted code owners (according to .github/CODEOWNERS) first:

$ knip --reporter codeowners
--- UNUSED FILES (2)
@org/team src/chat/helpers.ts
@org/owner src/components/SideBar.tsx
--- UNUSED DEPENDENCIES (1)
@org/admin moment
--- UNLISTED DEPENDENCIES (1)
@org/owner src/components/Registration.tsx react
--- UNUSED EXPORTS (4)
@org/team src/common/src/string/index.ts: lowercaseFirstLetter
@org/owner src/components/Registration.tsx: RegistrationBox
@org/owner src/css.ts: clamp
@org/owner src/services/authentication.ts: restoreSession, PREFIX
--- UNUSED TYPES (3)
@org/owner src/components/Registration/registrationMachine.ts: RegistrationServices, RegistrationAction
@org/owner src/components/Registration.tsx: ComponentProps
@org/owner src/types/Product.ts: ProductDetail
--- DUPLICATE EXPORTS (2)
@org/owner src/components/Registration.tsx: Registration, default
@org/owner src/components/Products.tsx: ProductsList, default

The owner of package.json is considered the owner of unused (dev) dependencies.

Use --reporter-options '{"path":".github/CODEOWNERS"}' to pass another location for the code owners file.

Really, another unused file/dependency/export finder?

There are already some great packages available if you want to find unused dependencies OR unused exports.

Although I love the Unix philosophy, here I believe it's efficient to handle multiple concerns in a single tool. When building a dependency graph of the project, an abstract syntax tree for each file, and traversing all of this, why not collect the various issues in one go?

Comparison

This table is a work in progress, but here's a first impression. Based on their docs (please report any mistakes):

Feature	knip	depcheck	unimported	ts-unused-exports	ts-prune	find-unused-exports
Unused files	✅	-	✅	-	-	-
Unused dependencies	✅	✅	✅	-	-	-
Unlisted dependencies	✅	✅	✅	-	-	-
Custom dependency resolvers	❌	✅	❌	-	-	-
Unused exports	✅	-	-	✅	✅	✅
Duplicate exports	✅	-	-	❌	❌	❌
Search namespaces	✅	-	-	✅	❌	❌
Custom reporters	✅	-	-	-	-	-
Pure JavaScript/ESM	✅	✅	✅	-	-	✅
Configure entry files	✅	❌	✅	❌	❌	❌
Support monorepos	🟠	-	-	-	-	-
ESLint plugin available	-	-	-	✅	-	-

✅ = Supported, ❌ = Not supported, - = Out of scope

Monorepos

Knip wants to support monorepos properly, the first steps in this direction are implemented.

Custom dependency resolvers

Using a string like "plugin:cypress/recommended" in the extends property of a .eslintrc.json in a package directory of a monorepo is nice for DX. But Knip will need some help to find it and to understand this resolves to the eslint-plugin-cypress dependency. Or see it is not listed in package.json. Or that the dependency is still listed, but no longer in use. Many popular projects reference plugins in similar ways, such as Babel, Webpack and Storybook.

Big compliments to depcheck which already does this! They call this "specials". Knip has this ambition, too.

unimported is strict in this regard and works based on production files and dependencies, so does not have custom dependency resolvers which are usually only needed for devDependencies.

TypeScript language services

TypeScript language services could play a major role in most of the "unused" areas, as they have an overview of the project as a whole. This powers things in VS Code like "Find references" or the "Module "./some" declares 'Thing' locally, but it is not exported" message. I think features like "duplicate exports" or "custom dependency resolvers" are userland territory, much like code linters.

Knip?!

Knip is Dutch for a "cut". A Dutch expression is "to be geknipt for something", which means to be perfectly suited for the job. I'm motivated to make knip perfectly suited for the job of cutting projects to perfection! ✂️