pixl-tools
Advanced tools
This module contains a set of miscellaneous utility functions that don't fit into any particular category.
Use npm to install the module:
npm install pixl-tools
Then use require() to load it in your code:
var Tools = require('pixl-tools');
Then call the function of your choice:
var id = Tools.generateUniqueID();
Here are all the functions included in the tools library, with links to full descriptions and examples:
| Function Name | Description |
|---|---|
| timeNow() | Return the current time as Epoch seconds. |
| generateUniqueID() | Generate a unique hexadecimal ID. |
| digestHex() | Digest a string using SHA-256 or MD5, return hexadecimal hash. |
| numKeys() | Returns the number of keys in an object. |
| firstKey() | Returns the "first" key in an object (undefined order). |
| hashKeysToArray() | Creates an array out of all object keys (undefined order). |
| hashValuesToArray() | Creates an array out of all object values (undefined order). |
| isaHash() | Determines if a variable is a hash (object) or not. |
| isaArray() | Determines if a variable is an array (or array-like) or not. |
| copyHash() | Makes a shallow or deep copy of an object. |
| copyHashRemoveKeys() | Shallow copy an object, but omit selected keys. |
| mergeHashes() | Non-destructive shallow merge of two objects, return the combined one. |
| mergeHashInto() | Merge one hash into another (destructive). |
| parseQueryString() | Parse a URL query string into key/value pairs. |
| composeQueryString() | Compose a URL query string given an object of key/value pairs. |
| findObjectsIdx() | Locate object indexes in an array matching a set of criteria. |
| findObjectIdx() | Locate first object index in an array matching a set of criteria. |
| findObject() | Locate and return first object in an array matching a set of criteria. |
| findObjects() | Locate and return all objects in an array matching a set of criteria. |
| deleteObject() | Find and delete an object in an array matching a set of criteria. |
| deleteObjects() | Find and delete all objects in an array matching a set of criteria. |
| alwaysArray() | Wrap variable in array, unless it is already an array. |
| lookupPath() | Perform a /filesystem/path/style lookup in an object tree. |
| substitute() | Perform placeholder substitution in a string using square brackets. |
| getDateArgs() | Parse a date into year, month, day, hour, min, sec, and more. |
| getTimeFromArgs() | Recalculate Epoch seconds given object from getDateArgs(). |
| normalizeTime() | Normalize (floor) Epoch seconds into nearest minute, hour, day, etc. |
| getTextFromBytes() | Convert a byte count into a human readable string, e.g. 5 MB. |
| getBytesFromText() | Convert a human-readable size (e.g. 5 MB) into a raw byte count. |
| commify() | Apply commas to a positive integer using US-style formatting, e.g. 1,000,000. |
| shortFloat() | Trim floating point decimal to 2-digit precision, unless digits are zeros. |
| pct() | Return percentage string given arbitrary value and a maximum limit, e.g. '55%'. |
| zeroPad() | Pad an integer with zeros on the left side, up to a specified max. |
| getTextFromSeconds() | Convert a number of seconds into a human-readable string, e.g. 3 hours. |
| getSecondsFromText() | Convert a human-readable time delta, e.g. 3 hours into total seconds. |
| getNiceRemainingTime() | Calculate estimated remaining time, given progress and start time. |
| randArray() | Return a random element from an array. |
| pluralize() | Apply English language pluralization to a word, based on a specified value. |
| escapeRegExp() | Escape a string for inclusion in a regular expression. |
| ucfirst() | Upper-case the first character of a string, lower-case the rest. |
| getErrorDescription() | Get a better error description from a Node.js error code. |
NUMBER timeNow( FLOOR )
This function returns the current time expressed as Epoch Seconds. Pass true if you want the value floored to the nearest integer.
var epoch = Tools.timeNow();
var floored = Tools.timeNow(true);
STRING generateUniqueID( LENGTH, SALT )
This function generates a pseudo-random alphanumeric (hexadecimal) ID by combining various bits of local entropy, and hashing it together with SHA-256. The default length is 64 characters, but you can pass in any lesser length to chop it. If you want to add your own entropy, pass it as the 2nd argument.
var id = Tools.generateUniqueID();
var id = Tools.generateUniqueID( 32 );
var id = Tools.generateUniqueID( 64, "my extra entropy!" );
Please note that this is not designed to be cryptographically secure. It doesn't use Node's crypto.randomBytes, because generating true random bits takes time, and can block execution.
STRING digestHex( PLAINTEXT, [ALGO] )
This function is just a simple wrapper around Node's SHA-256 or other hashing algorithms. The default is SHA-256, in which case it returns a 64-character hexadecimal hash of the given string.
var sig = Tools.digestHex( "my plaintext string" );
// --> "6b4fdfd705d05b11a56b8c3020058b666359d3939b6eda354f529ebad77695c2"
To specify the algorithm, include it as the second argument. It should be a string set to md5, sha256, etc. On recent releases of OpenSSL, typing openssl list-message-digest-algorithms will display the available digest algorithms. Example (MD5):
var sig = Tools.digestHex( "my plaintext string", "md5" );
// --> "659a30fb5d9958326b15c17e8444c123"
INTEGER numKeys( OBJECT )
This function returns the number of keys in the specified hash.
var my_hash = { foo: "bar", baz: 12345 };
var num = Tools.numKeys( my_hash ); // 2
STRING firstKey( OBJECT )
This function returns the first key of the hash when iterating over it. Note that hash keys are stored in an undefined order.
var my_hash = { foo: "bar", baz: 12345 };
var key = Tools.firstKey( my_hash ); // foo or baz
ARRAY hashKeysToArray( OBJECT )
This function returns all the hash keys as an array. The values are discarded. Useful for sorting and then iterating over the sorted list.
var my_hash = { foo: "bar", baz: 12345 };
var keys = Tools.hashKeysToArray( my_hash ).sort();
for (var idx = 0, len = keys.length; idx < len; idx++) {
var key = keys[idx];
// do something with key and my_hash[key]
}
ARRAY hashValuesToArray( OBJECT )
This function returns all the hash values as an array. The keys are discarded.
var my_hash = { foo: "bar", baz: 12345 };
var values = Tools.hashValuesToArray( my_hash );
for (var idx = 0, len = values.length; idx < len; idx++) {
var value = values[idx];
// do something with value
}
BOOLEAN isaHash( MIXED )
This function returns true if the provided argument is a hash (object), false otherwise.
var my_hash = { foo: "bar", baz: 12345 };
var is_hash = Tools.isaHash( my_hash );
BOOLEAN isaArray( MIXED )
This function returns true if the provided argument is an array (or is array-like), false otherwise.
var my_arr = [ "foo", "bar", 12345 ];
var is_arr = Tools.isaArray( my_arr );
OBJECT copyHash( OBJECT, DEEP )
This function performs a shallow copy of the specified hash, and returns the copy. Pass true as the 2nd argument to perform a deep copy, which uses JSON parse/stringify.
var my_hash = { foo: "bar", baz: 12345 };
var my_copy = Tools.copyHash( my_hash );
OBJECT copyHashRemoveKeys( OBJECT, REMOVE )
This function performs a shallow copy of the specified hash, and returns the copy, but omits any keys you specify in a separate hash.
var my_hash = { foo: "bar", baz: 12345 };
var omit_these = { baz: true };
var my_copy = Tools.copyHashRemoveKeys( my_hash, omit_these );
OBJECT mergeHashes( OBJECT_A, OBJECT_B )
This function merges two hashes (objects) together, and returns a new hash which contains the combination of the two keys (shallow copy). The 2nd hash takes precedence over the first, in the event of duplicate keys.
var hash1 = { foo: "bar" };
var hash2 = { baz: 12345 };
var combo = Tools.mergeHashes( hash1, hash2 );
VOID mergeHashInto( OBJECT_A, OBJECT_B )
This function shallow-merges {OBJECT_B} into {OBJECT_A}. There is no return value. Existing keys are replaced in {OBJECT_A}.
var hash1 = { foo: "bar" };
var hash2 = { baz: 12345 };
Tools.mergeHashInto( hash1, hash2 );
OBJECT parseQueryString( URL )
This function parses a standard URL query string, and returns a hash with key/value pairs for every query parameter. Duplicate params are clobbered, the latter prevails. Values are URL-unescaped, and all of them are strings. The function accepts a full URL, or just the query string portion.
var url = 'http://something.com/hello.html?foo=bar&baz=12345';
var query = Tools.parseQueryString( url );
var foo = query.foo; // "bar"
var baz = query.baz; // "12345"
Please note that this is a very simple function, and you should probably use the built-in Node.js querystring module instead.
STRING composeQueryString( OBJECT )
This function takes a hash of key/value pairs, and constructs a URL query string out of it. Values are URL-escaped.
var my_hash = { foo: "bar", baz: 12345 };
var qs = Tools.composeQueryString( my_hash );
// --> "?foo=bar&baz=12345"
Please note that this is a very simple function, and you should probably use the built-in Node.js querystring module instead.
ARRAY findObjectsIdx( ARRAY, CRITERIA )
This function iterates over an array of hashes, and returns all the array indexes whose objects have keys which match a given criteria hash.
var list = [
{ id: 12345, name: "Joe", eyes: "blue" },
{ id: 12346, name: "Frank", eyes: "brown" },
{ id: 12347, name: "Cynthia", eyes: "blue" }
];
var criteria = { eyes: "blue" };
var idxs = Tools.findObjectsIdx( list, criteria );
// --> [0, 2]
INTEGER findObjectIdx( ARRAY, CRITERIA )
This function iterates over an array of hashes, and returns the first array index whose object has keys which match a given criteria hash. If no objects match, -1 is returned.
var list = [
{ id: 12345, name: "Joe", eyes: "blue" },
{ id: 12346, name: "Frank", eyes: "brown" },
{ id: 12347, name: "Cynthia", eyes: "blue" }
];
var criteria = { eyes: "blue" };
var idx = Tools.findObjectIdx( list, criteria );
// --> 0
OBJECT findObject( ARRAY, CRITERIA )
This function iterates over an array of hashes, and returns the first item whose object has keys which match a given criteria hash. If no objects match, null is returned.
var list = [
{ id: 12345, name: "Joe", eyes: "blue" },
{ id: 12346, name: "Frank", eyes: "brown" },
{ id: 12347, name: "Cynthia", eyes: "blue" }
];
var criteria = { eyes: "blue" };
var obj = Tools.findObject( list, criteria );
// --> { id: 12345, name: "Joe", eyes: "blue" }
ARRAY findObjects( ARRAY, CRITERIA )
This function iterates over an array of hashes, and returns all the items whose objects have keys which match a given criteria hash.
var list = [
{ id: 12345, name: "Joe", eyes: "blue" },
{ id: 12346, name: "Frank", eyes: "brown" },
{ id: 12347, name: "Cynthia", eyes: "blue" }
];
var criteria = { eyes: "blue" };
var objs = Tools.findObjects( list, criteria );
// --> [{ id: 12345, name: "Joe", eyes: "blue" }, { id: 12347, name: "Cynthia", eyes: "blue" }]
BOOLEAN deleteObject( ARRAY, CRITERIA )
This function iterates over an array of hashes, and deletes the first item whose object has keys which match a given criteria hash. It returns true for success or false if no matching object could be found.
var list = [
{ id: 12345, name: "Joe", eyes: "blue" },
{ id: 12346, name: "Frank", eyes: "brown" },
{ id: 12347, name: "Cynthia", eyes: "blue" }
];
var criteria = { eyes: "blue" };
Tools.deleteObject( list, criteria );
// list will now contain only Frank and Cynthia
INTEGER deleteObjects( ARRAY, CRITERIA )
This function iterates over an array of hashes, and deletes all items whose objects have keys which match a given criteria hash. It returns the number of objects deleted.
var list = [
{ id: 12345, name: "Joe", eyes: "blue" },
{ id: 12346, name: "Frank", eyes: "brown" },
{ id: 12347, name: "Cynthia", eyes: "blue" }
];
var criteria = { eyes: "blue" };
Tools.deleteObjects( list, criteria );
// list will now contain only Frank
ARRAY alwaysArray( MIXED )
This function will wrap anything passed to it into an array and return the array, unless the item passed is already an array, in which case it is simply returned verbatim.
var arr = Tools.alwaysArray( maybe_array );
MIXED lookupPath( PATH, ARGS )
This function will perform a directory-style path lookup on a hash/array tree, returning whatever object or value is pointed to, or null if not found.
var tree = {
folder1: {
file1: "foo",
folder2: {
file2: "bar"
}
}
};
var file = Tools.lookupPath( "/folder1/folder2/file2", tree );
// --> "bar"
For walking into arrays, simply provide the index number of the element you want.
STRING substitute( TEMPLATE, ARGS )
This function performs placeholder substitution on a string, using square bracket delimited placeholders which may contain simple keys or even paths.
var tree = {
folder1: {
file1: "foo",
folder2: {
file2: "bar"
}
}
};
var template = "Hello, I would like [/folder1/folder2/file2] and also [/folder/file1] please!";
var str = Tools.substitute( template, tree );
// --> "Hello, I would like bar and also foo please!"
You can omit the leading slashes if you are doing single-level hash lookups.
OBJECT getDateArgs( MIXED )
This function parses any date string, Epoch timestamp or Date object, and produces a hash with the following keys (all localized to the current timezone):
| Key | Sample Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
year | 2015 | Full year as integer. |
mon | 3 | Month of year as integer (1 - 12). |
mday | 6 | Day of month as integer (1 - 31). |
wday | 4 | Day of week as integer (0 - 6). |
hour | 9 | Hour of day as integer (0 - 23). |
min | 2 | Minute of hour as integer (0 - 59). |
sec | 10 | Second of minute as integer (0 - 59). |
msec | 999 | Millisecond of second as integer (0 - 999). |
yyyy | "2015" | 4-digit year as string. |
mm | "03" | 2-digit month as string with padded zeros if needed. |
dd | "06" | 2-digit day as string with padded zeros if needed. |
hh | "09" | 2-digit hour as string with padded zeros if needed. |
mi | "02" | 2-digit minute as string with padded zeros if needed. |
ss | "10" | 2-digit second as string with padded zeros if needed. |
hour12 | 9 | Hour expressed in 12-hour time (i.e. 1 PM = 1.) |
ampm | "am" | String representing ante meridiem (am) or post meridiem (pm). |
yyyy_mm_dd | "2015/03/06" | Formatted string representing date in YYYY/MM/DD format. |
hh_mi_ss | "09:02:10" | Formatted string representing local time in HH:MI:SS format. |
epoch | 1425661330 | Epoch seconds used to generate all the date args. |
offset | -28800 | Local offset from GMT/UTC in seconds. |
tz | "GMT-8" | Formatted GMT hour offset string. |
Example usage:
var args = Tools.getDateArgs( new Date() );
var date_str = args.yyyy + '/' + args.mm + '/' + args.dd;
INTEGER getTimeFromArgs( OBJECT )
This function will recalculate a date given an args object as returned from getDateArgs(). It allows you to manipulate the year, mon, mday, hour, min and/or sec properties, and will return the computed Epoch seconds from the new set of values. Example:
var args = Tools.getDateArgs( new Date() );
args.mday = 15;
var epoch = Tools.getTimeFromArgs(args);
This example would return the Epoch seconds from the 15th day of the current month, in the current year, and using the current time of day.
INTEGER normalizeTime( INTEGER, OBJECT )
This function will "normalize" (i.e. quantize) an Epoch value to the nearest minute, hour, day, month, or year. Meaning, you can pass in an Epoch time value, and have it return a value of the start of the current hour, midnight on the current day, the 1st of the month, etc. To do this, pass in an object containing any keys you wish to change, e.g. year, mon, mday, hour, min and/or sec. Example:
var midnight = Tools.normalizeTime( Tools.timeNow(), { hour: 0, min: 0, sec: 0 } );
You can actually set the values to non-zero. For example, to return the Epoch time of exactly noon today:
var noon = Tools.normalizeTime( Tools.timeNow(), { hour: 12, min: 0, sec: 0 } );
STRING getTextFromBytes( BYTES, PRECISION )
This function generates a human-friendly text string given a number of bytes. It reduces the units to K, MB, GB or TB as needed, and allows a configurable amount of precision after the decimal point. The default is one decimal of precision (specify as 1, 10, 100, etc.).
var str = Tools.getTextFromBytes( 0 ); // "0 bytes"
var str = Tools.getTextFromBytes( 1023 ); // "1023 bytes"
var str = Tools.getTextFromBytes( 1024 ); // "1 K"
var str = Tools.getTextFromBytes( 1126 ); // "1.1 K"
var str = Tools.getTextFromBytes( 1599078, 1 ); // "1 MB"
var str = Tools.getTextFromBytes( 1599078, 10 ); // "1.5 MB"
var str = Tools.getTextFromBytes( 1599078, 100 ); // "1.52 MB"
var str = Tools.getTextFromBytes( 1599078, 1000 ); // "1.525 MB"
INTEGER getBytesFromText( STRING )
This function parses a string containing a human-friendly size count (e.g. 45 bytes or 1.5 MB) and converts it to raw bytes.
var bytes = Tools.getBytesFromText( "0 bytes" ); // 0
var bytes = Tools.getBytesFromText( "1023 bytes" ); // 1023
var bytes = Tools.getBytesFromText( "1 K" ); // 1024
var bytes = Tools.getBytesFromText( "1.1k" ); // 1126
var bytes = Tools.getBytesFromText( "1.525 MB" ); // 1599078
STRING commify( INTEGER )
This function adds commas to long numbers following US-style formatting rules (add comma every 3 digits counting from right side). Only positive integers are supported.
var c = Tools.commify( 123 ); // "123"
var c = Tools.commify( 1234 ); // "1,234"
var c = Tools.commify( 1234567890 ); // "1,234,567,890"
NUMBER shortFloat( NUMBER )
This function "shortens" a floating point number by only allowing two digits after the decimal point, unless they are zeros.
var short = Tools.shortFloat( 0.12345 ); // 0.12
var short = Tools.shortFloat( 0.00001 ); // 0.00001
var short = Tools.shortFloat( 0.00123 ); // 0.0012
STRING pct( AMOUNT, MAX, FLOOR )
This function calculates a percentage given an arbitrary numerical amount and a maximum value, and returns a formatted string with a '%' symbol. Pass true as the 3rd argument to floor the percentage to the nearest integer. Otherwise the value is shortened with shortFloat().
var p = Tools.pct( 5, 10 ); // "50%"
var p = Tools.pct( 0, 1 ); // "0%"
var p = Tools.pct( 751, 1000 ); // "75.1%"
var p = Tools.pct( 751, 1000, true ); // "75%"
STRING zeroPad( NUMBER, MAX )
This function adds zeros to the left side of a number, until the total string length meets a specified maximum (up to 10 characters). The return value is a string, not a number.
var padded = Tools.zeroPad( 5, 1 ); // "5"
var padded = Tools.zeroPad( 5, 2 ); // "05"
var padded = Tools.zeroPad( 5, 3 ); // "005"
var padded = Tools.zeroPad( 100, 3 ); // "100"
var padded = Tools.zeroPad( 100, 4 ); // "0100"
var padded = Tools.zeroPad( 100, 5 ); // "00100"
STRING getTextFromSeconds( NUMBER, ABBREVIATE, SHORTEN )
This function generates a human-friendly time string given a number of seconds. It reduces the units to minutes, hours or days as needed. You can also abbreviate the output, and shorten the extra precision.
var str = Tools.getTextFromSeconds( 0 ); // "0 seconds"
var str = Tools.getTextFromSeconds( 86400 ); // "1 day"
var str = Tools.getTextFromSeconds( 90 ); // "1 minute, 30 seconds"
var str = Tools.getTextFromSeconds( 90, true ); // "1 min, 30 sec"
var str = Tools.getTextFromSeconds( 90, false, true ); // "1 minute"
var str = Tools.getTextFromSeconds( 90, true, true ); // "1 min"
INTEGER getSecondsFromText( STRING )
This function parses a string containing a human-friendly time (e.g. 45 minutes or 7 days) and converts it to raw seconds. It accepts seconds, minutes, hours, days and/or weeks. It does not interpret "months" or "years" because those are non-exact measurements.
var sec = Tools.getSecondsFromText( "1 second" ); // 1
var sec = Tools.getSecondsFromText( "2min" ); // 120
var sec = Tools.getSecondsFromText( "30m" ); // 1800
var sec = Tools.getSecondsFromText( "12 HOURS" ); // 43200
var sec = Tools.getSecondsFromText( "1day" ); // 86400
STRING getNiceRemainingTime( ELAPSED, COUNTER, MAX, ABBREV, SHORTEN )
This function calculates the estimated remaining time on a job in progress, given the elapsed time in seconds, an arbitrary counter representing the job's progress, and a maximum value for the counter.
var remain = Tools.getNiceRemainingTime( 45, 0.75, 1.0 );
// --> "15 seconds"
var remain = Tools.getNiceRemainingTime( 3640, 0.75, 1.0 );
// --> "20 minutes, 13 seconds"
var remain = Tools.getNiceRemainingTime( 3640, 0.75, 1.0, true );
// --> "20 min, 13 sec"
var remain = Tools.getNiceRemainingTime( 3640, 0.75, 1.0, false, true );
// --> "20 minutes"
var remain = Tools.getNiceRemainingTime( 3640, 0.75, 1.0, true, true );
// --> "20 min"
Note that this works best when the job's progress is somewhat constant. If it proceeds at a varying pace, the remaining time may appear to go too fast or too slow at times. It always computes the average speed over the course of the time elapsed, versus the current progress.
MIXED randArray( ARRAY )
This function picks a random element from the given array, and returns it.
var fruit = ['apple', 'orange', 'banana'];
var rand = Tools.randArray( fruit );
STRING pluralize( STRING, NUMBER )
This function pluralizes a string using US-English rules, given an arbitrary number. This is useful when constructing human-friendly sentences containing a quantity of things, and you wish to say either "thing" or "things" depending on the number.
var list = ['apple', 'orange', 'banana'];
var text = "You have " + list.length + Tools.pluralize(" item", list.length) + " in your list.";
// --> "You have 3 items in your list.";
STRING escapeRegExp( STRING )
This function escapes a string so that it can be used inside a regular expression. Meaning, any regular expression metacharacters are prefixed with a backslash, so they are interpreted literally. It was taken from the MDN Regular Expression Guide.
STRING ucfirst( STRING )
The function upper-cases the first character of a string, and lower-cases the rest. This is very similar to the Perl core function of the same name. Example:
var first_name = Tools.ucfirst( 'george' );
// --> "George"
STRING getErrorDescription( ERROR )
This function takes a standard Node.js System Error object, such as one emitted when a filesystem or network error occurs, and produces a prettier and more verbose string description. It uses the 3rd party errno package, and adds its own decorations as well. Example:
require('fs').readFile( '/bad/file.txt', function(err, data) {
if (err) {
console.log( "Native Error: " + err.message );
console.log( "Better Error: " + Tools.getErrorDescription(err) );
}
} );
// Outputs:
// Native Error: ENOENT, open '/bad/file.txt'
// Better Error: No such file or directory (ENOENT, open '/bad/file.txt')
Basically it resolves the Node.js error codes such as ENOENT to a human-readable string (i.e. No such file or directory), but also appends the raw native error message in parenthesis as well.
The MIT License
Copyright (c) 2015 Joseph Huckaby.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
FAQs
A set of miscellaneous utility functions for Node.js.
The npm package pixl-tools receives a total of 742 weekly downloads. As such, pixl-tools popularity was classified as not popular.
We found that pixl-tools demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 0 open source maintainers collaborating on the project.
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