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postcss-preset-env
Advanced tools
The postcss-preset-env package is a plugin for PostCSS, a tool for transforming CSS with JavaScript. This package allows developers to use future CSS features today. It converts modern CSS into something most browsers can understand, determining the polyfills needed based on the target browsers or runtime environments specified by the developer. It's like Babel but for CSS.
Stage 0-4 CSS features
Enables the use of future CSS features by setting the stage from 0 to 4. Lower stages include more experimental features.
postcssPresetEnv({
stage: 0
})
Custom Media Queries
Allows the use of custom media queries, making it easier to manage and reuse media queries.
@custom-media --small-viewport (max-width: 30em);
@media (--small-viewport) {
/* CSS rules for small viewport */
}
Custom Properties (CSS Variables)
Facilitates the use of CSS variables for easier theme management and component styling.
:root {
--mainColor: #123456;
}
a {
color: var(--mainColor);
}
Nested Rules
Supports nesting rules within rules, similar to what is possible in preprocessors like SASS or LESS.
a {
&::before {
content: '';
}
}
Autoprefixer is a PostCSS plugin that parses your CSS and adds vendor prefixes to CSS rules using values from Can I Use. It is similar to postcss-preset-env in that it helps make modern CSS compatible with different browsers. However, autoprefixer focuses specifically on adding necessary prefixes, while postcss-preset-env includes this functionality as part of a broader feature set.
cssnano is a modular minifier for CSS, also built on top of PostCSS. It optimizes CSS by rewriting rules, reducing whitespace, and through other transformations. While cssnano focuses on minimizing CSS for production environments, postcss-preset-env focuses on enabling future CSS features for development. Both can be used together in a build process for optimal results.
postcss-cssnext was a predecessor to postcss-preset-env that allowed you to use future CSS features. However, postcss-preset-env has since replaced postcss-cssnext, offering a more updated and comprehensive solution for using modern CSS today. postcss-cssnext is no longer maintained, making postcss-preset-env the preferred choice for developers looking to use future CSS features.
PostCSS Preset Env lets you convert modern CSS into something most browsers can understand, determining the polyfills you need based on your targeted browsers or runtime environments.
npm install postcss-preset-env
@custom-media --viewport-medium (width <= 50rem);
@custom-selector :--heading h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6;
:root {
--mainColor: #12345678;
}
body {
color: var(--mainColor);
font-family: system-ui;
overflow-wrap: break-word;
}
:--heading {
background-image: image-set(url(img/heading.png) 1x, url(img/heading@2x.png) 2x);
@media (--viewport-medium) {
margin-block: 0;
}
}
a {
color: rgb(0 0 100% / 90%);
&:hover {
color: rebeccapurple;
}
}
/* becomes */
:root {
--mainColor: rgba(18, 52, 86, 0.47059);
}
body {
color: rgba(18, 52, 86, 0.47059);
color: var(--mainColor);
font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, Segoe UI, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, Droid Sans, Helvetica Neue;
word-wrap: break-word;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
background-image: url(img/heading.png);
}
@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 192dpi) {
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
background-image: url(img/heading@2x.png)
}
}
@media (max-width: 50rem) {
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
margin-top: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
}
a {
color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.9)
}
a:hover {
color: #639;
}
Without any configuration options, PostCSS Preset Env enables Stage 2 features and supports all browsers.
Add PostCSS Preset Env to your project:
npm install postcss-preset-env --save-dev
Use PostCSS Preset Env to process your CSS:
const postcssPresetEnv = require('postcss-preset-env');
postcssPresetEnv.process(YOUR_CSS /*, processOptions, pluginOptions */);
Or use it as a PostCSS plugin:
const postcss = require('postcss');
const postcssPresetEnv = require('postcss-preset-env');
postcss([
postcssPresetEnv(/* pluginOptions */)
]).process(YOUR_CSS /*, processOptions */);
PostCSS Preset Env runs in all Node environments, with special instructions for:
Node | PostCSS CLI | Webpack | Create React App | Gulp | Grunt |
---|
The stage
option determines which CSS features to polyfill, based upon their
stability in the process of becoming implemented web standards.
postcssPresetEnv({ stage: 0 })
The stage
can be 0
(experimental) through 4
(stable), or false
. Setting
stage
to false
will disable every polyfill. Doing this would only be useful
if you intended to exclusively use the features
option.
Without any configuration options, PostCSS Preset Env enables Stage 2 features.
The features
option enables or disables specific polyfills by ID. Passing
true
to a specific feature ID will enable its polyfill, while passing false
will disable it.
postcssPresetEnv({
/* use stage 3 features + css nesting rules */
stage: 3,
features: {
'nesting-rules': true
}
})
Passing an object to a specific feature ID will both enable and configure it.
postcssPresetEnv({
/* use stage 3 features + css color-mod (warning on unresolved) */
stage: 3,
features: {
'color-mod-function': { unresolved: 'warn' }
}
})
Any polyfills not explicitly enabled or disabled through features
are
determined by the stage
option.
The browsers
option determines which polyfills are required based upon the
browsers you are supporting.
PostCSS Preset Env supports any standard browserslist configuration, which
can be a .browserslistrc
file, a browserslist
key in package.json
, or
browserslist
environment variables.
The browsers
option should only be used when a standard browserslist
configuration is not available.
postcssPresetEnv({ browsers: 'last 2 versions' })
If not valid browserslist configuration is specified, the default browserslist query will be used.
The insertBefore
and insertAfter
keys allow you to insert other PostCSS
plugins into the chain. This is only useful if you are also using sugary
PostCSS plugins that must execute before or after certain polyfills.
Both insertBefore
and insertAfter
support chaining one or multiple plugins.
import postcssSimpleVars from 'postcss-simple-vars';
postcssPresetEnv({
insertBefore: {
'all-property': postcssSimpleVars
}
})
PostCSS Preset Env includes autoprefixer and browsers
option
will be passed to it automatically.
Specifying the autoprefixer
option enables passing
additional options
into autoprefixer.
postcssPresetEnv({
autoprefixer: { grid: true }
})
Passing autoprefixer: false
disables autoprefixer.
The preserve
option determines whether all plugins should receive a
preserve
option, which may preserve or remove otherwise-polyfilled CSS. By
default, this option is not configured.
postcssPresetEnv({
preserve: false // instruct all plugins to omit pre-polyfilled CSS
});
The importFrom
option specifies sources where variables like Custom Media,
Custom Properties, Custom Selectors, and Environment Variables can be imported
from, which might be CSS, JS, and JSON files, functions, and directly passed
objects.
postcssPresetEnv({
/*
@custom-media --small-viewport (max-width: 30em);
@custom-selector :--heading h1, h2, h3;
:root { --color: red; }
*/
importFrom: 'path/to/file.css'
});
Multiple sources can be passed into this option, and they will be parsed in the order they are received. JavaScript files, JSON files, functions, and objects will use different namespaces to import different kinds of variables.
postcssPresetEnv({
importFrom: [
/*
@custom-media --small-viewport (max-width: 30em);
@custom-selector :--heading h1, h2, h3;
:root { --color: red; }
*/
'path/to/file.css',
/* module.exports = {
customMedia: { '--small-viewport': '(max-width: 30em)' },
customProperties: { '--color': 'red' },
customSelectors: { ':--heading': 'h1, h2, h3' },
environmentVariables: { '--branding-padding': '20px' }
} */
'and/then/this.js',
/* {
"custom-media": { "--small-viewport": "(max-width: 30em)" }
"custom-properties": { "--color": "red" },
"custom-selectors": { ":--heading": "h1, h2, h3" },
"environment-variables": { "--branding-padding": "20px" }
} */
'and/then/that.json',
{
customMedia: { '--small-viewport': '(max-width: 30em)' },
customProperties: { '--color': 'red' },
customSelectors: { ':--heading': 'h1, h2, h3' },
environmentVariables: { '--branding-padding': '20px' }
},
() => {
const customMedia = { '--small-viewport': '(max-width: 30em)' };
const customProperties = { '--color': 'red' };
const customSelectors = { ':--heading': 'h1, h2, h3' };
const environmentVariables = { '--branding-padding': '20px' };
return { customMedia, customProperties, customSelectors, environmentVariables };
}
]
});
The exportTo
option specifies destinations where variables like Custom Media,
Custom Properties, Custom Selectors, and Environment Variables can be exported
to, which might be CSS, JS, and JSON files, functions, and directly passed
objects.
postcssPresetEnv({
/*
@custom-media --small-viewport (max-width: 30em);
@custom-selector :--heading h1, h2, h3;
:root { --color: red; }
*/
exportTo: 'path/to/file.css'
});
Multiple destinations can be passed into this option as well, and they will be parsed in the order they are received. JavaScript files, JSON files, and objects will use different namespaces to import different kinds of variables.
const cachedObject = {};
postcssPresetEnv({
exportTo: [
/*
@custom-media --small-viewport (max-width: 30em);
@custom-selector :--heading h1, h2, h3;
:root { --color: red; }
*/
'path/to/file.css',
/* module.exports = {
customMedia: { '--small-viewport': '(max-width: 30em)' },
customProperties: { '--color': 'red' },
customSelectors: { ':--heading': 'h1, h2, h3' },
environmentVariables: { '--branding-padding': '20px' }
} */
'and/then/this.js',
/* {
"custom-media": { "--small-viewport": "(max-width: 30em)" }
"custom-properties": { "--color": "red" },
"custom-selectors": { ":--heading": "h1, h2, h3" },
"environment-variables": { "--branding-padding": "20px" }
} */
'and/then/that.json',
cachedObject,
variables => {
if ('customProperties' in variables) {
// do something special with customProperties
}
Object.assign(cachedObject, variables);
}
]
});
FAQs
Convert modern CSS into something browsers understand
The npm package postcss-preset-env receives a total of 4,604,014 weekly downloads. As such, postcss-preset-env popularity was classified as popular.
We found that postcss-preset-env demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 3 open source maintainers collaborating on the project.
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