react-redux

What is react-redux?

The react-redux package is the official React bindings for Redux. It allows React components to read data from a Redux store, and dispatch actions to the store to update data.

What are react-redux's main functionalities?

Provider Component

The Provider component makes the Redux store available to any nested components that need to access the Redux store.

{"import { Provider } from 'react-redux';
import { createStore } from 'redux';
import rootReducer from './reducers';
import App from './App';

const store = createStore(rootReducer);

const rootElement = document.getElementById('root');
ReactDOM.render(
  <Provider store={store}>
    <App />
  </Provider>,
  rootElement
);"}

connect Function

The connect function connects a React component to the Redux store. It can map state and dispatch to the props of the component.

{"import { connect } from 'react-redux';
import { increment, decrement } from './actionCreators';

function Counter({ count, increment, decrement }) {
  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={decrement}>-</button>
      <span>{count}</span>
      <button onClick={increment}>+</button>
    </div>
  );
}

const mapStateToProps = state => ({
  count: state.count
});

const mapDispatchToProps = {
  increment,
  decrement
};

export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(Counter);"}

useSelector Hook

The useSelector hook allows you to extract data from the Redux store state, using a selector function.

{"import { useSelector } from 'react-redux';

function MyComponent() {
  const data = useSelector(state => state.data);
  return <div>{data}</div>;
}"}

useDispatch Hook

The useDispatch hook returns a reference to the dispatch function from the Redux store. You can use it to dispatch actions.

{"import { useDispatch } from 'react-redux';
import { myAction } from './actionCreators';

function MyComponent() {
  const dispatch = useDispatch();
  return (
    <button onClick={() => dispatch(myAction())}>Dispatch Action</button>
  );
}"}

Other packages similar to react-redux

mobx-react

MobX-react is a package that provides React bindings for MobX. MobX is a state management library that uses observables to reactively update the UI when state changes. It is conceptually different from Redux and does not use a single store or reducers, but it provides a similar capability to reactively manage state in a React application.

zustand

Zustand is a small, fast, and scalable bearbones state-management solution using simplified flux principles. It is not tied to React and does not use reducers; instead, it works with a mutable state and provides a simple and intuitive API. It's more straightforward than Redux and can be an alternative for smaller applications or for developers who prefer a less boilerplate code approach.

recoil

Recoil is a state management library for React developed by Facebook. It provides several capabilities similar to Redux, such as shared state between components, but it uses a different approach based on atoms (units of state) and selectors (pure functions to derive state). Recoil works with React's concurrent mode out of the box and is meant to be more efficient and easier to use with React's functional components.

context-state

Context-state is a library that leverages the React Context API to manage state. It is a simpler alternative to Redux that might be suitable for applications with a less complex state management requirement. It does not have middleware or the same level of devtools support as Redux, but it can be a lightweight solution for simpler use cases.

README

React Redux

Official React bindings for Redux.
Performant and flexible.

Note: There is a project called redux-react on NPM that is completely unrelated to the official bindings. This documentation (and any other official Redux documentation) is for react-redux.

Table of Contents

• React Native
• Quick Start
• API
  • <Provider store>
  • connect([mapStateToProps], [mapDispatchToProps], [mergeProps])
• Troubleshooting
• License

React Native

What you get from react-redux is for React.
For React Native, import from react-redux/native instead.

Quick Start

React bindings for Redux embrace the idea of dividing “smart” and “dumb” components.

It is advisable that only top-level components of your app (such as route handlers, for example) are aware of Redux. Components below them should be “dumb” and receive all data via props.

	Location	Use React-Redux	To read data, they	To change data, they
“Smart” Components	Top level, route handlers	Yes	Subscribe to Redux state	Dispatch Redux actions
“Dumb” Components	Middle and leaf components	No	Read data from props	Invoke callbacks from props

“Dumb” component is unaware of Redux

Let’s say we have a <Counter /> “dumb” component with a number value prop, and an onIncrement function prop that it will call when user presses an “Increment” button:

import { Component } from 'react';

export default class Counter extends Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <button onClick={this.props.onIncrement}>
        {this.props.value}
      </button>
    );
  }
}

“Smart” component is connect()-ed to Redux

Here’s how we hook it up to the Redux Store.

We will use connect() function provided by react-redux to turn a “dumb” Counter into a smart component. The connect() function lets you specify which exact state from the Redux store your component wants to track. This lets you subscribe on any level of granularity.

containers/CounterContainer.js

import { Component } from 'react';
import { connect } from 'react-redux';

import Counter from '../components/Counter';
import { increment } from '../actionsCreators';

// Which part of the Redux global state does our component want to receive as props?
function mapStateToProps(state) {
  return {
    value: state.counter
  };
}

// Which action creators does it want to receive by props?
function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch) {
  return {
    onIncrement: () => dispatch(increment())
  };
}

export default connect(
  mapStateToProps,
  mapDispatchToProps
)(Counter);

// You can also pass an object instead of defining `mapDispatchToProps`:
// export default connect(mapStateToProps, CounterActionCreators)(Counter);

// Or you can pass `dispatch` down as a prop if you omit `mapDispatchToProps`:
// export default connect(mapStateToProps)(Counter);

// See more recipes in detailed connect() examples below.

Whether to put connect() call in the same file as the “dumb” component, or separately, is up to you.
Ask yourself whether you'd want to reuse this component but bind it to different data, or not.

Nesting

You can have many connect()-ed components in your app at any depth, and you can even nest them. It is however preferable that you try to only connect() top-level components such as route handlers, so the data flow in your application stays predictable.

Support for Decorators

You might have noticed that we used parens twice. This is called partial applications, and it lets people use ES7 decorator proposal syntax:

// Unstable syntax! It might change or break in production.
@connect(mapStateToProps)
export default class CounterContainer { ... }

Don’t forget decorators are experimental! And they desugar to function calls anyway as example above demonstrates.

Additional Flexibility

This is the most basic usage, but connect() supports many other different patterns: just passing the vanilla dispatch() function down, binding multiple action creators, putting them as actions prop, selecting parts of state and binding action creators depending on props, and so on. Check out connect() docs below to learn more.

Injecting Redux Store

Finally, how do we actually hook it up to a Redux store? We need to create the store somewhere at the root of our component hierarchy. For client apps, the root component is a good place. For server rendering, you can do this in the request handler.

The trick is to wrap the whole view hierarchy into <Provider>{() => ... }</Provider> where Provider is imported from react-redux. One gotcha is that the child of Provider must be a function. This is to work around an issue about how context (undocumented feature we have to rely on to pass Redux data to components below) works in React 0.13. In React 0.14, you will be able to put your view hierarchy in <Provider> without wrapping it into a function.

import { Component } from 'react';
import { Provider } from 'react-redux';

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    // ...
  }
}

const targetEl = document.getElementById('root');

React.render((
  <Provider store={store}>
    {() => <App />}
  </Provider>
), targetEl);

API

<Provider store>

Makes Redux store available to the connect() calls in the component hierarchy below. Normally, you can’t use connect() without wrapping the root component in <Provider>. (If you really need to, you can manually pass store as a prop to every connect()ed component, but we only recommend to do this for stubbing store in unit tests, or in non-fully-React codebases. Normally, you should just use <Provider>.)

Props

• store: (Redux Store): The single Redux store in your application.
• children: (Function): Unlike most React components, <Provider> accepts a function as a child with your root component. This is a temporary workaround for a React 0.13 context issue, which will be fixed when React 0.14 comes out.

Example

Vanilla React

React.render(
  <Provider store={store}>
    {() => <MyRootComponent />}
  </Provider>,
  rootEl
);

React Router 0.13

Router.run(routes, Router.HistoryLocation, (Handler, routerState) => { // note "routerState" here
  React.render(
    <Provider store={store}>
      {() => <Handler routerState={routerState} />} // note "routerState" here: important to pass it down
    </Provider>,
    document.getElementById('root')
  );
});

React Router 1.0

React.render(
  <Provider store={store}>
    {() => <Router history={history}>...</Router>}
  </Provider>,
  targetEl
);

connect([mapStateToProps], [mapDispatchToProps], [mergeProps])

Connects a React component to a Redux store.

Arguments

• [mapStateToProps(state, [ownProps]): stateProps] (Function): If specified, the component will subscribe to Redux store updates. Any time it updates, mapStateToProps will be called. Its result must be a plain object, and it will be merged into the component’s props. If you omit it, the component will not be subscribed to the Redux store. If ownProps is passed in as a second argument then mapStateToProps will be re-invoked whenever the component receives new props.

• [mapDispatchToProps(dispatch, [ownProps]): dispatchProps] (Object or Function): If an object is passed, each function inside it will be assumed to be a Redux action creator. An object with the same function names, but bound to a Redux store, will be merged into the component’s props. If a function is passed, it will be given dispatch. It’s up to you to return an object that somehow uses dispatch to bind action creators in your own way. (Tip: you may use bindActionCreators() helper from Redux.) If you omit it, the default implementation just injects dispatch into your component’s props. If ownProps is passed in as a second argument then mapStateToProps will be re-invoked whenever the component receives new props.

• [mergeProps(stateProps, dispatchProps, ownProps): props] (Function): If specified, it is passed the result of mapStateToProps(), mapDispatchToProps(), and the parent props. The plain object you return from it will be passed as props to the wrapped component. You may specify this function to select a slice of the state based on props, or to bind action creators to a particular variable from props. If you omit it, { ...ownProps, ...stateProps, ...dispatchProps } is used by default.

Returns

A React component class that injects state and action creators into your component according to the specified options.

Remarks

• It needs to be invoked two times. First time with its arguments described above, and second time, with the component: connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps, mergeProps)(MyComponent).

• The mapStateToProps function takes a single argument of the entire Redux store’s state and returns an object to be passed as props. It is often called a selector. Use reselect to efficiently compose selectors and compute derived data.

• To use connect(), the root component of your app must be wrapped into <Provider>{() => ... }</Provider> before being rendered. You may also pass store as a prop to the connect()ed component, but it's not recommended because it's just too much trouble. Only do this for in non-fully-React codebases or to stub store in a unit test.

Examples

Inject just dispatch and don't listen to store

export default connect()(TodoApp);

Inject dispatch and every field in the global state (SLOW!)

export default connect(state => state)(TodoApp);

Inject dispatch and todos

function mapStateToProps(state) {
  return { todos: state.todos };
}

export default connect(mapStateToProps)(TodoApp);

Inject todos and all action creators (addTodo, completeTodo, ...)

import * as actionCreators from './actionCreators';

function mapStateToProps(state) {
  return { todos: state.todos };
}

export default connect(mapStateToProps, actionCreators)(TodoApp);

Inject todos and all action creators (addTodo, completeTodo, ...) as actions

import * as actionCreators from './actionCreators';
import { bindActionCreators } from 'redux';

function mapStateToProps(state) {
  return { todos: state.todos };
}

function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch) {
  return { actions: bindActionCreators(actionCreators, dispatch) };
}

export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(TodoApp);

Inject todos and a specific action creator (addTodo)

import { addTodo } from './actionCreators';
import { bindActionCreators } from 'redux';

function mapStateToProps(state) {
  return { todos: state.todos };
}

function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch) {
  return bindActionCreators({ addTodo }, dispatch);
}

export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(TodoApp);

Inject todos, todoActionCreators as todoActions, and counterActionCreators as counterActions

import * as todoActionCreators from './todoActionCreators';
import * as counterActionCreators from './counterActionCreators';
import { bindActionCreators } from 'redux';

function mapStateToProps(state) {
  return { todos: state.todos };
}

function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch) {
  return {
    todoActions: bindActionCreators(todoActionCreators, dispatch),
    counterActions: bindActionCreators(counterActionCreators, dispatch)
  };
}

export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(TodoApp);

Inject todos, and todoActionCreators and counterActionCreators together as actions

import * as todoActionCreators from './todoActionCreators';
import * as counterActionCreators from './counterActionCreators';
import { bindActionCreators } from 'redux';

function mapStateToProps(state) {
  return { todos: state.todos };
}

function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch) {
  return {
    actions: bindActionCreators({ ...todoActionCreators, ...counterActionCreators }, dispatch)
  };
}

export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(TodoApp);

Inject todos, and all todoActionCreators and counterActionCreators directly as props

import * as todoActionCreators from './todoActionCreators';
import * as counterActionCreators from './counterActionCreators';
import { bindActionCreators } from 'redux';

function mapStateToProps(state) {
  return { todos: state.todos };
}

function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch) {
  return bindActionCreators(Object.assign({}, todoActionCreators, counterActionCreators), dispatch);
}

export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(TodoApp);

Inject todos of a specific user depending on props

import * as actionCreators from './actionCreators';

function mapStateToProps(state, ownProps) {
  return { todos: state.todos[ownProps.userId] };
}

export default connect(mapStateToProps)(TodoApp);

Inject todos of a specific user depending on props, and inject props.userId into the action

import * as actionCreators from './actionCreators';

function mapStateToProps(state) {
  return { todos: state.todos };
}

function mergeProps(stateProps, dispatchProps, ownProps) {
  return Object.assign({}, ownProps, {
    todos: stateProps.todos[ownProps.userId],
    addTodo: (text) => dispatchProps.addTodo(ownProps.userId, text)
  });
}

export default connect(mapStateToProps, actionCreators, mergeProps)(TodoApp);

Troubleshooting

Make sure to check out Troubleshooting Redux first.

My views aren’t updating!

See the link above. In short,

• Reducers should never mutate state, they must return new objects, or React Redux won’t see the updates.
• Make sure you either bind action creators with mapDispatchToState argument to connect() or with bindActionCreators() method, or that you manually call dispatch(). Just calling your MyActionCreators.addTodo() function won’t work because it just returns an action, but not dispatches it.

My views aren’t updating on route change with React Router 0.13

If you’re using React Router 0.13, you might bump into this problem. The solution is simple: whenever you use <RouteHandler> or the Handler provided by Router.run, pass the router state to it.

Root view:

Router.run(routes, Router.HistoryLocation, (Handler, routerState) => { // note "routerState" here
  React.render(
    <Provider store={store}>
      {() => <Handler routerState={routerState} />} // note "routerState" here
    </Provider>,
    document.getElementById('root')
  );
});

Nested view:

render() {
  // Keep passing it down
  return <RouteHandler routerState={this.props.routerState} />;
}

Conveniently, this gives your components access to the router state! You can also upgrade to React Router 1.0 which shouldn’t have this problem. (Let us know if it does!)

Could not find "store" in either the context or props

If you have context issues,

1. Make sure you don’t have duplicate React on the page.
2. Make sure you didn’t forget to wrap your root component in <Provider>.
3. If you use React Router, something like <Provider>{() => routes}</Provider> won’t work. Due to the way context works in React 0.13, it’s important that the <Provider> children are created inside that function. Just referencing an outside variable doesn’t do the trick. Instead of <Provider>{() => routes}</Provider>, write <Provider>{createRoutes}</Provider> where createRoutes() is a function that actually creates (and returns) the route configuration.

License

MIT