scattered-store

scattered-store

Dead simple key-value store for large datasets in Node.js.

In what cases can it be useful?

• For some reason you can't or don't want to use serious database engine.
• For archiving data (you have a lot of rarely accessed data).

How much data can it handle?

I would draw the line of sanity around 10M items in store, and max size of one item around 10MB. However only your disk size and used file system are real limitations.

Way of storing data

Scattered-store borrows idea for storing data from Git Objects. Let's say we have code:

const store = scatteredStore.create('my_store'); // Name of directory where to store data
store.set('abc', 'Hello World!'); // key: 'abc', value: 'Hello World!'

The code above, when run will store data in file:

/my_store/a9/993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d

And the algorithm went as follows:

• Key abc was hashed with sha1 to: a9993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d
• The hash was then splitted into two parts:
  • First two characters (a9) became the name of directory where the entry ended up.
  • Remaining 38 characters (993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d) became the name of file where data Hello World! has been stored.

So every entry is stored in separate file, and all files are scattered across maximum of 256 directories (two hex characters) to overcome limit of files per one directory. That's why it's called scattered-store.

Pros

Every entry is stored in separate file what means...

• Implementation is very, very simple. All heavy lifting is done by file system.
• Quite linear performance with growing dataset.

Cons

Every entry is stored in separate file what means...

• If the entry is 10 bytes of data, it still occupies whole block on disk.
• Every operation is performed as separate I/O. Can't speed things up very much with bulk inserts or reads.

Installation

npm install scattered-store

Usage

const scatteredStore = require('scattered-store');

const store = scatteredStore.create('path/to/my/store', (err) => {
  // This is optional callback function so you can know
  // when the initialization is done.
  if (err) {
    // Oops! Something went wrong.
  } else {
    // Initialization done!
  }
});

// You don't have to wait for initialization to end before calling API methods.
// All calls will be queued and delayed automatically.
store.set('abc', 'Hello World!')
.then(() => {
  return store.get('abc');
});
.then((value) => {
  console.log(value); // Hello World!
})

Supported key and value types

As key only strings can be used. Value could be everything what can be serialized to JSON and any binary data (passed as Buffer). JSON deserialization also automatically turns ISO notation strings into Date objects.

API

set(key, value)

Stores given value on given key. String, Object, Array and Buffer are supported as value.
Returns: promise

store.set('abc', 'Hello World!')
.then(() => {
  // Value has been stored!
});

get(key)

Returns value stored on given key. If given key doesn't exist null is returned.
Returns: promise

store.get('abc')
.then((value) => {
  console.log(value); // Hello World!
});

getMany(keys)

As keys accepts array of key strings, and returns all values for those keys.
Returns: readable stream

const stream = store.getMany(['abc', 'xyz']);
stream.on('readable', () => {
  const entry = stream.read();
  console.log(entry);
  // Every returned entry object has structure: { key: "abc", value: "Hello World!" }
  // Order of items returned through stream can't be guaranteed!
});
stream.on('end', () => {
  // All entries you asked for had been delivered.
});

getAll()

Returns all data stored in database through stream (one by one).
Returns: readable stream

const stream = store.getAll();
stream.on('readable', () => {
  const entry = stream.read();
  console.log(entry);
  // Every returned entry object has structure: { key: "abc", value: "Hello World!" }
  // Order of items returned through stream can't be guaranteed!
});
stream.on('end', () => {
  // Everything there was in the database has been delivered.
});

delete(key)

Deletes entry stored on given key.
Returns: promise

store.delete('abc')
.then(() => {
  // Value has been deleted from database!
});

whenIdle()

Hook to know when all queued tasks has been executed and store is idle. Useful e.g. if you want to terminate the process, and want to make sure no dataloss will occur.
Returns: promise

store.whenIdle()
.then(() => {
  // Idle now.
});

Performance

npm run benchmark

Here are results of this test performed on MacBook Pro 2015. Tested with 10K, 100K and 1M items in store.

10,000 items 50KB each, 500MB combined
set 1127 items/s
get 2392 items/s
getMany 4274 items/s
getAll 4988 items/s
delete 2347 items/s

100,000 items 50KB each, 5GB combined
set 1130 items/s
get 1283 items/s
getMany 2649 items/s
getAll 2819 items/s
delete 2436 items/s

1,000,000 items 50KB each, 50GB combined
set 884 items/s
get 591 items/s
getMany 2028 items/s
getAll 2203 items/s
delete 1166 items/s