svelte-dnd-action

SVELTE DND ACTION

This is a feature-complete implementation of drag and drop for Svelte using a custom action. It supports almost every imaginable drag and drop use-case, any input device and is fully accessible.
It requires very minimal configuration, while offering a rich set of primitives that allow overriding basically any of its default behaviours (using the handler functions).

See full features list below.

Play with this example in the REPL.

Current Status

The library is production ready, and I am in the process of integrating it into several production systems that will be used at scale. It is being actively maintained. I have never introduced a breaking change so far and have no plans of doing so in the future.

Features

• Awesome drag and drop with minimal fuss
• Supports horizontal, vertical or any other type of container (it doesn't care much about the shape)
• Supports nested dnd-zones (draggable containers with other draggable elements inside, think Trello)
• Rich animations (can be opted out of)
• Touch support
• Define what can be dropped where (dnd-zones optionally have a "type")
• Scroll dnd-zones and/or the window horizontally or vertically by placing the dragged element next to the edge
• Supports advanced use-cases such as various flavours of copy-on-drag and custom drag handles (see examples below)
• Performant and small footprint (no external dependencies, no fluff code)
• Fully accessible (beta) - keyboard support, aria attributes and assistive instructions for screen readers

Why a svelte action rather than a higher order component?

A custom action allows for a much more elegant API (no slot props thanks god) as well as more control.
If you prefer a generic dnd list component that accepts different child components as your abstraction, you can very easily wrap this library with one (see here).

Installation

Pre-requisites: svelte-3

yarn add -D svelte-dnd-action

or

npm install --save-dev svelte-dnd-action

Usage

<div use:dndzone="{{items: myItems, ...otherOptions}}" on:consider="{handler}" on:finalize="{handler}">
    {#each myItems as item(item.id)}
    <div>this is now a draggable div that can be dropped in other dnd zones</div>
    {/each}
</div>

Basic Example:

<script>
    import {flip} from "svelte/animate";
    import {dndzone} from "svelte-dnd-action";
    let items = [
        {id: 1, name: "item1"},
        {id: 2, name: "item2"},
        {id: 3, name: "item3"},
        {id: 4, name: "item4"}
    ];
    const flipDurationMs = 300;
    function handleDndConsider(e) {
        items = e.detail.items;
    }
    function handleDndFinalize(e) {
        items = e.detail.items;
    }
</script>

<style>
    section {
        width: 50%;
        padding: 0.3em;
        border: 1px solid black;
        /* this will allow the dragged element to scroll the list */
        overflow: scroll;
        height: 200px;
    }
    div {
        width: 50%;
        padding: 0.2em;
        border: 1px solid blue;
        margin: 0.15em 0;
    }
</style>
<section use:dndzone="{{items," flipDurationMs}} on:consider="{handleDndConsider}" on:finalize="{handleDndFinalize}">
    {#each items as item(item.id)}
    <div animate:flip="{{duration: flipDurationMs}}">{item.name}</div>
    {/each}
</section>

Input:

An options-object with the following attributes:

Name	Type	Required?	Default Value	Description
items	Array	Yes. Each object in the array has to have an id property (key name can be overridden globally) with a unique value (within all dnd-zones of the same type)	N/A	The data array that is used to produce the list with the draggable items (the same thing you run your #each block on)
flipDurationMs	Number	No	0	The same value you give the flip animation on the items (to make them animated as they "make space" for the dragged item). Set to zero or leave out if you don't want animations
type	String	No	Internal	dnd-zones that share the same type can have elements from one dragged into another. By default, all dnd-zones have the same type
dragDisabled	Boolean	No	false	Setting it to true will make it impossible to drag elements out of the dnd-zone. You can change it at any time, and the zone will adjust on the fly
dropFromOthersDisabled	Boolean	No	false	Setting it to true will make it impossible to drop elements from other dnd-zones of the same type. Can be useful if you want to limit the max number of items for example. You can change it at any time, and the zone will adjust on the fly
dropTargetStyle	Object	No	{outline: 'rgba(255, 255, 102, 0.7) solid 2px'}	An object of styles to apply to the dnd-zone when items can be dragged in to it. Note: the styles override any inline styles applied to the dnd-zone. When the styles are removed, any original inline styles will be lost
transformDraggedElement	Function	No	() => {}	A function that is invoked when the draggable element enters the dnd-zone or hover overs a new index in the current dnd-zone. Signature: function(element, data, index) {} element: The dragged element. data: The data of the item from the items array. index: The index the dragged element will become in the new dnd-zone. This allows you to override properties on the dragged element, such as innerHTML to change how it displays.
autoAriaDisabled	Boolean	No	false	Setting it to true will disable all the automatically added aria attributes and aria alerts (for example when the user starts/ stops dragging using the keyboard). Use it only if you intend to implement your own custom instructions, roles and alerts. In such a case, you might find the exported function alertToScreenReader(string) useful.

Output:

The action dispatches two custom events:

• consider - dispatched whenever the dragged element needs to make room for itself in a new position in the items list and when it leaves. The host (your component) is expected to update the items list (you can keep a copy of the original list if you need to)
• finalize - dispatched on the target and origin dnd-zones when the dragged element is dropped into position.

The expectation is the same - update the list of items. In both cases the payload (within e.detail) is the same: an object with two attributes: items and info.

• items: contains the updated items list.
• info: This one can be used to achieve very advanced custom behaviours (ex: copy on drag). In most cases, don't worry about it. It is an object with the following properties:
  • trigger: will be one of the exported list of TRIGGERS (Please import if you plan to use): [DRAG_STARTED, DRAGGED_ENTERED, DRAGGED_OVER_INDEX, DRAGGED_LEFT, DROPPED_INTO_ZONE, DROPPED_INTO_ANOTHER, DROPPED_OUTSIDE_OF_ANY, DRAG_STOPPED]. Most triggers apply to both pointer and keyboard, but some are only relevant for pointer (dragged_entered, dragged_over_index and dragged_left), and some only for keyboard (drag_stopped)
  • id: the item id of the dragged element
  • source: will be one of the exported list of SOURCES (Please import if you plan to use): [POINTER, KEYBOARD]

You have to listen for both events and update the list of items in order for this library to work correctly.

For advanced usecases (ex: custom styling for the placeholder element) you might also need to import SHADOW_ITEM_MARKER_PROPERTY_NAME, which marks the placeholder element that is temporarily added to the list the dragged element hovers over.

Accessibility (beta)

If you want screen-readers to tell the user which item is being dragged and which container it interacts with, please add aria-label on the container and on every draggable item. The library will take care of the rest. For example:

<h2>{listName}</h2>
<section aria-label="{listName}" use:dndzone="{{items," flipDurationMs}} on:consider="{handleDndConsider}" on:finalize="{handleDndFinalize}">
    {#each items as item(item.id)}
    <div aria-label="{item.name}" animate:flip="{{duration: flipDurationMs}}">{item.name}</div>
    {/each}
</section>

If you don't provide the aria-labels everything will still work, but the messages to the user will be less informative. Note: in general you probably want to use semantic-html (ex: ol and li elements rather than section and div) but the library is screen readers friendly regardless (or at least that's the goal :)). If you want to implement your own custom screen-reader alerts, roles and instructions, you can use the autoAriaDisabled options and wire everything up yourself using markup and the consider and finalize handlers (for example: unsortable list).

Keyboard support

• Tab into a dnd container to get a description and instructions
• Tab into an item and press the Space/Enter key to enter dragging-mode. The reader will tell the user a drag has started.
• Use the arrow keys while in dragging-mode to change the item's position in the list (down and right are the same, up and left are the same). The reader will tell the user about position changes.
• Tab to another dnd container while in dragging-mode in order to move the item to it (the item will be moved to it when it gets focus). The reader will tell the user that item was added to the new list.
• Press Space/Enter key while focused on an item, or the Escape key anywhere to exit dragging mode. The reader will tell the user that they are no longer dragging.
• Clicking on another item while in drag mode will make it the new drag target. Clicking outside of any draggable will exit dragging-mode (and tell the user)
• Mouse drag and drop can be preformed independently of keyboard dragging (as in an item can be dragged with the mouse while in or out of keyboard initiated dragging-mode)
• Keyboard drag uses the same consider (only on drag start) and finalize (every time the item is moved) events but share only some of the TRIGGERS. The same handlers should work fine for both.

Examples and Recipes

• Super basic, single list, no animation

• Super basic, single list, with animation

• Multiple dndzones, multiple types

• Board (nested zones and multiple types), scrolling containers, scrolling page

• Selectively enable/disable drag/drop

• Custom active dropzone styling

• Customizing the dragged element

• Customizing the placeholder(shadow) element

• Copy on drag, simple and Dragula like

• Drag handles, courtesy of @gleuch

• Unsortable lists with custom aria instructions

• Crazy nesting, courtesy of @zahachtah

• Generic List Component (Alternative to Slots)

• Fade in/out but without using Svelte transitions

• Nested fade in/out without using Svelte transitions

Rules/ assumptions to keep in mind

• Only one element can be dragged in any given time
• The data that represents items within dnd-zones of the same type is expected to have the same shape (as in a data object that represents an item in one container can be added to another without conversion).
• Item ids (#each keys) are unique in all dnd containers of the same type. EVERY DRAGGABLE ITEM (passed in through items) MUST HAVE AN ID PROPERTY CALLED id. You can override it globally if you'd like to use a different key (see below)
• The items in the list that is passed-in are in the same order as the children of the container (i.e the items are rendered in an #each block).
• The host component should refresh the items that are passed in to the custom-action when receiving consider and finalize events.
• FYI, the library assumes it is okay to add a temporary item to the items list in any of the dnd-zones while an element is dragged around.
• If you want dragged items to be able to scroll the container, make sure the scroll-container (the element with overflow:scroll) is the dnd-zone (the element decorated with this custom action)
• Svelte's built-in transitions might not play nice with this library. Luckily, it is an easy issue to work around. There are examples below.

Overriding the item id key name

Sometimes it is useful to use a different key for your items instead of id, for example when working with PouchDB which expects _id. It can save some annoying conversions back and forth. In such cases you can import and call overrideItemIdKeyNameBeforeInitialisingDndZones. This function accepts one parameter of type string which is the new id key name. For example:

import {overrideItemIdKeyNameBeforeInitialisingDndZones} from "svelte-dnd-action";
overrideItemIdKeyNameBeforeInitialisingDndZones("_id");

It applies globally (as in, all of your items everywhere are expected to have a unique identifier with this name). It can only be called when there are no rendered dndzones (I recommend calling it within the top-level

Debug output

By default no debug output will be logged to the console. If you want to see internal debug messages, you can enable the debug output like this:

import {setDebug} from "svelte-dnd-action";
setDebug(true);

Typescript

If you are using Typescript, you will need to add the following block to your global.d.ts (at least until this svelte issue is resolved):

declare type DndEvent = import("svelte-dnd-action").DndEvent;
declare namespace svelte.JSX {
    interface HTMLAttributes<T> {
        onconsider?: (event: CustomEvent<DndEvent> & {target: EventTarget & T}) => void;
        onfinalize?: (event: CustomeEvent<DndEvent> & {target: EventTarget & T}) => void;
    }
}

You may need to edit tsconfig.json to include global.d.ts if it doesn't already: "include": ["src/**/*", "global.d.ts"]. Then you will be able to use the library with type safety as follows (Typescript gurus out there, improvements are welcome :smile:):

<style>
    section {
        width: 12em;
        padding: 1em;
        height: 7.5em;
    }
    div {
        height: 1.5em;
        width: 10em;
        text-align: center;
        border: 1px solid black;
        margin: 0.2em;
        padding: 0.3em;
    }
</style>
<script lang="ts">
    import {dndzone} from "svelte-dnd-action";
    import {flip} from "svelte/animate";

    const flipDurationMs = 200;
    function handleSort(e: CustomEvent<DndEvent>) {
        items = e.detail.items as {id: number; title: string}[];
    }

    let items = [
        {id: 1, title: "I"},
        {id: 2, title: "Am"},
        {id: 3, title: "Yoda"}
    ];
</script>
<section use:dndzone="{{items," flipDurationMs}} on:consider="{handleSort}" on:finalize="{handleSort}">
    {#each items as item(item.id)}
    <div animate:flip="{{duration:flipDurationMs}}">{item.title}</div>
    {/each}
</section>

Contributing

There is still quite a lot to do. If you'd like to contribute please get in touch (raise an issue or comment on an existing one). Ideally, be specific about which area you'd like to help with. Thank you for reading :)