tmp

What is tmp?

The tmp npm package is used for creating temporary files and directories in a Node.js environment. It helps manage and clean up temporary files automatically.

What are tmp's main functionalities?

Temporary File Creation

This feature allows you to create a temporary file. The library provides a callback with the path and file descriptor, and a cleanup callback to remove the file when it's no longer needed.

const tmp = require('tmp');
tmp.file(function _tempFileCreated(err, path, fd, cleanupCallback) {
  if (err) throw err;
  console.log('File: ', path);
  console.log('Filedescriptor: ', fd);
  // If we don't need the file anymore we could manually call the cleanupCallback
  // But that is not necessary if we didn't pass the keep option because the library will clean after itself.
  cleanupCallback();
});

Temporary Directory Creation

This feature allows you to create a temporary directory. Similar to temporary file creation, it provides a path to the directory and a cleanup callback.

const tmp = require('tmp');
tmp.dir(function _tempDirCreated(err, path, cleanupCallback) {
  if (err) throw err;
  console.log('Dir: ', path);
  // Manual cleanup
  cleanupCallback();
});

Synchronous File Creation

This feature allows for synchronous creation of a temporary file name. It returns the name directly without the need for a callback.

const tmp = require('tmp');
const name = tmp.tmpNameSync();
console.log('Temporary filename: ', name);

Synchronous Directory Creation

This feature allows for synchronous creation of a temporary directory. It returns an object with the directory name.

const tmp = require('tmp');
const dir = tmp.dirSync();
console.log('Temporary directory: ', dir.name);

Other packages similar to tmp

temp

The 'temp' package is similar to 'tmp' and is also used for managing temporary files and directories. It provides automatic cleanup and tracking of temporary files, but it has not been updated as frequently as 'tmp'.

tempfile

The 'tempfile' package is a simpler alternative to 'tmp' that focuses on generating temporary file paths. It does not handle the creation or cleanup of the files.

temp-dir

The 'temp-dir' package provides the path to the system's default directory for temporary files, rather than creating temporary files or directories itself.

mktemp

The 'mktemp' package creates temporary files and directories in a way similar to the Unix command of the same name. It offers a lower-level API compared to 'tmp' and requires manual cleanup.

README

Tmp

A simple temporary file and directory creator for node.js.

About

This is a widely used library to create temporary files and directories in a node.js environment.

Tmp offers both an asynchronous and a synchronous API. For all API calls, all the parameters are optional. There also exists a promisified version of the API, see (5) under references below.

Tmp uses crypto for determining random file names, or, when using templates, a six letter random identifier. And just in case that you do not have that much entropy left on your system, Tmp will fall back to pseudo random numbers.

You can set whether you want to remove the temporary file on process exit or not, and the destination directory can also be set.

How to install

npm install tmp

Usage

Please also check API docs.

Asynchronous file creation

Simple temporary file creation, the file will be closed and unlinked on process exit.

var tmp = require('tmp');

tmp.file(function _tempFileCreated(err, path, fd, cleanupCallback) {
  if (err) throw err;

  console.log('File: ', path);
  console.log('Filedescriptor: ', fd);
  
  // If we don't need the file anymore we could manually call the cleanupCallback
  // But that is not necessary if we didn't pass the keep option because the library
  // will clean after itself.
  cleanupCallback();
});

Synchronous file creation

A synchronous version of the above.

var tmp = require('tmp');

var tmpobj = tmp.fileSync();
console.log('File: ', tmpobj.name);
console.log('Filedescriptor: ', tmpobj.fd);
  
// If we don't need the file anymore we could manually call the removeCallback
// But that is not necessary if we didn't pass the keep option because the library
// will clean after itself.
tmpobj.removeCallback();

Note that this might throw an exception if either the maximum limit of retries for creating a temporary name fails, or, in case that you do not have the permission to write to the directory where the temporary file should be created in.

Asynchronous directory creation

Simple temporary directory creation, it will be removed on process exit.

If the directory still contains items on process exit, then it won't be removed.

var tmp = require('tmp');

tmp.dir(function _tempDirCreated(err, path, cleanupCallback) {
  if (err) throw err;

  console.log('Dir: ', path);
  
  // Manual cleanup
  cleanupCallback();
});

If you want to cleanup the directory even when there are entries in it, then you can pass the unsafeCleanup option when creating it.

Synchronous directory creation

A synchronous version of the above.

var tmp = require('tmp');

var tmpobj = tmp.dirSync();
console.log('Dir: ', tmpobj.name);
// Manual cleanup
tmpobj.removeCallback();

Note that this might throw an exception if either the maximum limit of retries for creating a temporary name fails, or, in case that you do not have the permission to write to the directory where the temporary directory should be created in.

Asynchronous filename generation

It is possible with this library to generate a unique filename in the specified directory.

var tmp = require('tmp');

tmp.tmpName(function _tempNameGenerated(err, path) {
    if (err) throw err;

    console.log('Created temporary filename: ', path);
});

Synchronous filename generation

A synchronous version of the above.

var tmp = require('tmp');

var name = tmp.tmpNameSync();
console.log('Created temporary filename: ', name);

Advanced usage

Asynchronous file creation

Creates a file with mode 0644, prefix will be prefix- and postfix will be .txt.

var tmp = require('tmp');

tmp.file({ mode: 0644, prefix: 'prefix-', postfix: '.txt' }, function _tempFileCreated(err, path, fd) {
  if (err) throw err;

  console.log('File: ', path);
  console.log('Filedescriptor: ', fd);
});

Synchronous file creation

A synchronous version of the above.

var tmp = require('tmp');

var tmpobj = tmp.fileSync({ mode: 0644, prefix: 'prefix-', postfix: '.txt' });
console.log('File: ', tmpobj.name);
console.log('Filedescriptor: ', tmpobj.fd);

Controlling the Descriptor

As a side effect of creating a unique file tmp gets a file descriptor that is returned to the user as the fd parameter. The descriptor may be used by the application and is closed when the removeCallback is invoked.

In some use cases the application does not need the descriptor, needs to close it without removing the file, or needs to remove the file without closing the descriptor. Two options control how the descriptor is managed:

• discardDescriptor - if true causes tmp to close the descriptor after the file is created. In this case the fd parameter is undefined.
• detachDescriptor - if true causes tmp to return the descriptor in the fd parameter, but it is the application's responsibility to close it when it is no longer needed.

var tmp = require('tmp');

tmp.file({ discardDescriptor: true }, function _tempFileCreated(err, path, fd, cleanupCallback) {
  if (err) throw err;
  // fd will be undefined, allowing application to use fs.createReadStream(path)
  // without holding an unused descriptor open.
});

var tmp = require('tmp');

tmp.file({ detachDescriptor: true }, function _tempFileCreated(err, path, fd, cleanupCallback) {
  if (err) throw err;

  cleanupCallback();
  // Application can store data through fd here; the space used will automatically
  // be reclaimed by the operating system when the descriptor is closed or program
  // terminates.
});

Asynchronous directory creation

Creates a directory with mode 0755, prefix will be myTmpDir_.

var tmp = require('tmp');

tmp.dir({ mode: 0750, prefix: 'myTmpDir_' }, function _tempDirCreated(err, path) {
  if (err) throw err;

  console.log('Dir: ', path);
});

Synchronous directory creation

Again, a synchronous version of the above.

var tmp = require('tmp');

var tmpobj = tmp.dirSync({ mode: 0750, prefix: 'myTmpDir_' });
console.log('Dir: ', tmpobj.name);

mkstemp like, asynchronously

Creates a new temporary directory with mode 0700 and filename like /tmp/tmp-nk2J1u.

var tmp = require('tmp');

tmp.dir({ template: '/tmp/tmp-XXXXXX' }, function _tempDirCreated(err, path) {
  if (err) throw err;

  console.log('Dir: ', path);
});

mkstemp like, synchronously

This will behave similarly to the asynchronous version.

var tmp = require('tmp');

var tmpobj = tmp.dirSync({ template: '/tmp/tmp-XXXXXX' });
console.log('Dir: ', tmpobj.name);

Asynchronous filename generation

The tmpName() function accepts the prefix, postfix, dir, etc. parameters also:

var tmp = require('tmp');

tmp.tmpName({ template: '/tmp/tmp-XXXXXX' }, function _tempNameGenerated(err, path) {
    if (err) throw err;

    console.log('Created temporary filename: ', path);
});

Synchronous filename generation

The tmpNameSync() function works similarly to tmpName().

var tmp = require('tmp');
var tmpname = tmp.tmpNameSync({ template: '/tmp/tmp-XXXXXX' });
console.log('Created temporary filename: ', tmpname);

Graceful cleanup

One may want to cleanup the temporary files even when an uncaught exception occurs. To enforce this, you can call the setGracefulCleanup() method:

var tmp = require('tmp');

tmp.setGracefulCleanup();

Options

All options are optional :)

• mode: the file mode to create with, it fallbacks to 0600 on file creation and 0700 on directory creation
• prefix: the optional prefix, fallbacks to tmp- if not provided
• postfix: the optional postfix, fallbacks to .tmp on file creation
• template: mkstemp like filename template, no default
• dir: the optional temporary directory, fallbacks to system default (guesses from environment)
• tries: how many times should the function try to get a unique filename before giving up, default 3
• keep: signals that the temporary file or directory should not be deleted on exit, default is false, means delete
  • Please keep in mind that it is recommended in this case to call the provided cleanupCallback function manually.
• unsafeCleanup: recursively removes the created temporary directory, even when it's not empty. default is false

Changelog

v0.0.33 (2017-08-12)

:rocket: Enhancement

• #147 fix: with name option try at most once to get a unique tmp name (@silkentrance)

:bug: Bug Fix

• #149 fix(fileSync): must honor detachDescriptor and discardDescriptor options (@silkentrance)
• #119 Closes #115 (@silkentrance)

:memo: Documentation

• #128 Closes #127 add reference to tmp-promise (@silkentrance)

:house: Internal

• #135 Closes #133, #134 (@silkentrance)
• #123 docs: update tmp.js MIT license header to 2017 (@madnight)
• #122 chore: add issue template (@silkentrance)

Committers: 2

• Carsten Klein (@silkentrance)
• Fabian Beuke (@madnight)