Virtual Dj Echo Doppler REPACK
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The use of contrast agents in TTE studies depends on the clinical situation. The typical indications are documentation of post-operative follow-up and hemodynamic studies. In addition, contrast-enhanced TTE may be used to guide the evaluation of foramen ovale anatomy in the setting of a subacute or chronic neurologic deficit. The approach to the neuro-echo exam begins with careful cardiac and neurologic examinations to exclude life-threatening conditions. Subsequently, there is an integrated neurologic and cardiac approach to the differential diagnosis of possible sources of neurologic deficit, including neurologic diseases in which features on TTE may suggest a mechanism. The neurologic examination is performed to exclude the differential diagnosis of causes of stroke. Given the long list of possible causes of stroke, TTE can help provide initial or continued diagnostic information or exclude the need for further investigations. Patients receiving intravenous or oral medications may require close monitoring during the examination, including ECG and temperature monitoring, appropriate attention to medications, and consideration of reversal agents. If the information obtained is needed for a follow-up visit, the patient may be sent home. If invasive studies are necessary for work-up and management of the neurologic condition, the patient will be transferred to the cardiac catheterization laboratory, where evaluations are performed. A basic approach to such evaluations includes the planning and performance of a transthoracic (TTE) examination; assessment of ventricular function; and imaging of the aorta (aortic atherosclerosis and dissection), carotid arteries, and patent foramen ovale, if present. The approach is tailored to the suspected etiology of the deficit. Echocardiographic visualization of pericardial fluid is variable. 84d34552a1