py_asciimath is a simple yet powerful Python module that:
translate(exp, **kwargs), which semantic depends on the py_asciimath translator one wish to use
ASCIIMath is an easy-to-write markup language for mathematics: for more information check out the main website at http://asciimath.org/. MathML is a markup language for describing mathematical notation and capturing both its structure and content: for more information check out the main website at https://www.w3.org/TR/MathML3/Overview.html. LaTeX is a high-quality typesetting system: for more information check out the main website at https://www.latex-project.org/.
Read the full documentation at https://py-asciimath.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html
To install the package run pip install -U --user py-asciimath or pip3 install -U --user py-asciimath
from py_asciimath.translator.translator import (
ASCIIMath2MathML,
ASCIIMath2Tex,
MathML2Tex,
Tex2ASCIIMath
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("ASCIIMath to MathML")
asciimath2mathml = ASCIIMath2MathML(log=False, inplace=True)
parsed = asciimath2mathml.translate(
r"e^x > 0 forall x in RR",
displaystyle=True,
dtd="mathml2",
dtd_validation=True,
from_file=False,
output="string",
network=True,
pprint=False,
to_file=None,
xml_declaration=True,
xml_pprint=True,
)
print(parsed, "\n\nMathML to LaTeX")
mathml2tex = MathML2Tex()
parsed = mathml2tex.translate(parsed, network=False, from_file=False,)
print(parsed, "\n\nASCIIMath to LaTeX")
asciimath2tex = ASCIIMath2Tex(log=False, inplace=True)
parsed = asciimath2tex.translate(
r"e^x > 0 forall x in RR",
displaystyle=True,
from_file=False,
pprint=False,
)
print(parsed, "\n\nLaTeX to ASCIIMath")
tex2asciimath = Tex2ASCIIMath(log=False, inplace=True)
parsed = tex2asciimath.translate(
parsed,
from_file=False,
pprint=False,
)
print(parsed)
results in:
ASCIIMath to MathML
INFO:Translating...
WARNING:No XML declaration with 'encoding' attribute set: default encoding to None
WARNING:The XML encoding is None: default to UTF-8
WARNING:No DTD declaration found: set to remote mathml2 DTD
INFO:Loading dtd and validating...
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE math PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD MathML 2.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml2/mathml2.dtd">
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<mstyle displaystyle="true">
<mrow>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mi>e</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>∀</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈</mo>
<mo>ℝ</mo>
</mstyle>
</math>
MathML to LaTeX
INFO:Translating...
INFO:Encoding from XML declaration: UTF-8
WARNING:Remote DTD found and network is False: replacing with local DTD
INFO:Loading dtd and validating...
$ {\displaystyle {e}^{x}>0\forall x\in \mathbb{R} }$
ASCIIMath to LaTeX
INFO:Translating...
\[{e}^{x} > 0 \forall x \in \mathbb{R}\]
LaTeX to ASCIIMath
INFO:Translating...
(e)^(x) > 0 AA x in RR
py_asciimath: a simple ASCIIMath/MathML/LaTeX converter
Usage:
py_asciimath.py <EXP> from <ILANG> to <OLANG>
[options]
py_asciimath.py <EXP> from <ILANG> (-o <OLANG> | --output=OLANG)
[options]
py_asciimath.py <EXP> (-i <ILANG> | --input=ILANG) to <OLANG>
[options]
py_asciimath.py <EXP> (-i <ILANG> | --input=ILANG) (-o <OLANG> | --output=OLANG)
[options]
py_asciimath.py from-file <PATH> from <ILANG> to <OLANG>
[options]
py_asciimath.py from-file <PATH> from <ILANG> (-o <OLANG> | --output=OLANG)
[options]
py_asciimath.py from-file <PATH> (-i <ILANG> | --input=ILANG) to <OLANG>
[options]
py_asciimath.py from-file <PATH> (-i <ILANG> | --input=ILANG) (-o <OLANG> | --output=OLANG)
[options]
py_asciimath.py (-h | --help)
py_asciimath.py --version
Options:
--dstyle Add display style
-i <ILANG> --input=ILANG Input language
Supported input language: asciimath, latex, mathml
--log Log the transformation process
--network Works only with ILANG=mathnml or OLANG=mathml
Use network to validate XML against DTD
-o <OLANG> --output=OLANG Output language
Supported output language: asciimath, latex, mathml
--pprint Works only with OLANG=mathml. Pretty print
--to-file=OPATH Save translation to OPATH file
--version Show version
--xml-declaration Works only with OLANG=mathml.Add the XML
declaration at the top of the XML document
--xml-validate=MathMLDTD Works only with OLANG=mathml
Validate against a MathML DTD
MathMLDTD can be: mathml1, mathml2 or mathml3
For example, py_asciimath "sum_(i=1)^n i^3=((n(n+1))/2)^2" from asciimath to latex prints:
INFO:Translating...
$\sum_{i = 1}^{n} i^{3} = \left(\frac{n \left(n + 1\right)}{2}\right)^{2}$
If the option --log is present, then it prints also every transformation of the input, so py_asciimath "e^x > 0 forall x in RR" from asciimath to latex --log prints:
INFO:Translating...
INFO:Calling const with args:
INFO: items = [Token(LETTER, 'e')]
INFO:Calling const with args:
INFO: items = [Token(LETTER, 'x')]
INFO:Calling exp_super with args:
INFO: items = ['e', 'x']
INFO:Calling remove_parenthesis with args:
INFO: s = 'x'
INFO:Calling symbol with args:
INFO: items = [Token(MORETHAN, '>')]
INFO:Calling exp_interm with args:
INFO: items = ['>']
INFO:Calling const with args:
INFO: items = [Token(NUMBER, '0')]
INFO:Calling exp_interm with args:
INFO: items = ['0']
INFO:Calling symbol with args:
INFO: items = [Token(FORALL, 'forall')]
INFO:Calling exp_interm with args:
INFO: items = ['\\forall']
INFO:Calling const with args:
INFO: items = [Token(LETTER, 'x')]
INFO:Calling exp_interm with args:
INFO: items = ['x']
INFO:Calling symbol with args:
INFO: items = [Token(IN, 'in')]
INFO:Calling exp_interm with args:
INFO: items = ['\\in']
INFO:Calling symbol with args:
INFO: items = [Token(RR, 'RR')]
INFO:Calling exp_interm with args:
INFO: items = ['\\mathbb{R}']
INFO:Calling exp with args:
INFO: items = ['\\mathbb{R}']
INFO:Calling exp with args:
INFO: items = ['\\in', '\\mathbb{R}']
INFO:Calling exp with args:
INFO: items = ['x', '\\in \\mathbb{R}']
INFO:Calling exp with args:
INFO: items = ['\\forall', 'x \\in \\mathbb{R}']
INFO:Calling exp with args:
INFO: items = ['0', '\\forall x \\in \\mathbb{R}']
INFO:Calling exp with args:
INFO: items = ['>', '0 \\forall x \\in \\mathbb{R}']
INFO:Calling exp with args:
INFO: items = ['e^{x}', '> 0 \\forall x \\in \\mathbb{R}']
$e^{x} > 0 \forall x \in \mathbb{R}$
The grammar used to parse an ASCIIMath input is:
start: i start* -> exp
i: s -> exp_interm
| s "/" s -> exp_frac
| s "_" s -> exp_under
| s "^" s -> exp_super
| s "_" s "^" s -> exp_under_super
s: l start? r -> exp_par
| u s -> exp_unary
| b s s -> exp_binary
| asciimath -> symbol
| c -> const
| QS -> q_str
c: /d[A-Za-z]/ // derivatives
| NUMBER
| LETTER
l: "(" | "(:" | "[" | "{" | "{:" | "|:" | "||:" | "langle" | "<<" // left parenthesis
r: ")" | ":)" | "]" | "}" | ":}" | ":|" | ":||" | "rangle" | ">>" // right parenthesis
b: {} // asciimath binary functions symbols
u: {} // asciimath unary functions symbols
asciimath: {} // asciimath symbols
QS: "\"" /(?<=").+(?=")/ "\"" // Quoted String
For the complete list of symbols, please refer to http://asciimath.org/#syntax. The only symbol that I've added is dstyle, that stands for displaystyle as a unary function.
The grammar used to parse a LaTeX input is:
start: "\[" exp "\]" -> exp
| "$$" exp "$$" -> exp
| "$" exp "$" -> exp
| exp -> exp
exp: i exp* -> exp
i: s -> exp_interm
| s "_" s -> exp_under
| s "^" s -> exp_super
| s "_" s "^" s -> exp_under_super
s: l exp? r -> exp_par
| "\left" (l | "." | "\vert" | "\mid") start? "\right" (r | "." | "\vert" | "\mid") -> exp_par
| "\begin{matrix}" row_mat ("\\" row_mat?)* "\end{matrix}" -> exp_mat
| "{" i+ "}" -> exp
| u "{" exp "}" -> exp_unary
| b "{" exp "}" "{" exp "}" -> exp_binary
| "\sqrt" "[" i+ "]" "{{" exp "}}" -> exp_binary
| latex -> symbol
| c -> const
c: NUMBER
| LETTER
row_mat: exp ("&" exp?)* -> row_mat
l: "(" | "[" | "\{" | "\langle" | "\lVert" // left parenthesis
r: ")" | "]" | "\}" | "\rangle" | "\rVert" // right parenthesis
b: {} // binary functions
u: {} // unary functions
latex: {} // LaTeX symbols
Be careful that not all the LaTeX symbols are included in the grammar: please fill in an issue if you find that some symbols are missing
For a text to be rendered as a matrix must have a structure like
L '[' ... (, ...)* ']', '[' ... (, ...)* ']' (, '[' ... (, ...)* ']' )* R
L '(' ... (, ...)* ')', '(' ... (, ...)* ')' (, '(' ... (, ...)* ')' )* R
that is:
L) and right (R) parenthesis[] XOR () (if one starts with [], every row will be recognized with the same parenthesis, same for ()), followed by , and possibly another row... can be any ASCIIMath expressionSince L and R can be any left or right parenthesis, and every matrices must have the same number of columns, to render a system of equation one can write something like {[(root n x)/(x) <= 4], [x^2=e^x]:}.
On the other hand a matrix can be somenthing like [[(root n x)/(x) <= 4, int x dx], [x^2=e^x, lim_(x to infty) 1 / (x^2)]].
A parsed ASCIIMath string is rendered as follows:
latex, u and c symbols are converted to their LaTeX equivalenttext and ul correspond to the \textrm and \underline functionsbb, bbb, cc, tt, fr and sf correspond to the \boldsymbol, \mathbb, \mathcal, \texttt, \mathfrak and \textsf functionsfrac is rendered as a fraction, root n x as the n-th root of x and stackrel x y displays x upon y" is rendered in the same font as normal text./ stands for a fraction. The _ and ^ tokens have the same behaviour as in LaTeX but the subscript must be placed before the superscript if they are both presentLeft and right delimiters are preceded by the \left and \right commands to be well-sized. (: and :) are chevrons (angle parenthesis). {: and :} are invisible delimiters like LaTeX's {. |: is converted to \lvert , while ||: is converted to \lVert. The other delimiters are rendered as expected.
Useless delimiters are automatically removed in expressions like:
(...)/(...)(...)_(...), (...)^(...) and the combination of sub and superscriptu (...), b (...) (...) where u and b are unary and binary operatorsIf you want them to be rendered, you have to double them, for example: ((x+y))/2 or {: (x+y) :}/2.
The translation follows the MathML specification at https://www.w3.org/TR/MathML3/.
The MathML1 DTD validation will fail when one wish to apply a font style
FAQs
A simple converter from ASCIIMath/MathML to LaTeX/MathML
We found that py-asciimath demonstrated a healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released less than a year ago. It has 1 open source maintainer collaborating on the project.
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