ledger-lite library / gem - hyper ledger book for the distributed blockchain internet era; add your transactions one block at a time; transfer crypto(currencie)s and balance the accounts
Let's add some transactions to the (hyper) ledger book:
| From | To | $ |
|---|---|---|
| Central Bank (†) | Vincent | 11 |
| Vincent | Anne | 3 |
| Anne | Julia | 2 |
| Julia | Luuk | 1 |
| De Nederlandsche Bank (†) | Ruben | 11 |
| Vincent | Max | 3 |
| Ruben | Julia | 2 |
| Anne | Martijn | 1 |
(†): Mining Transaction - New Dutch Gulden ($) on the Market!
send (send payment/transfer money)
ledger = Ledger.new
ledger.send( "Central Bank†", "Vincent", 11 )
ledger.send( "Vincent", "Anne", 3 )
ledger.send( "Anne", "Julia", 2 )
ledger.send( "Julia", "Luuk", 1 )
ledger.send( "De Nederlandsche Bank†", "Ruben", 11 )
ledger.send( "Vincent", "Max", 3 )
ledger.send( "Ruben", "Julia", 2 )
ledger.send( "Anne", "Martijn", 1 )
pp ledger ## pp = pretty print
resulting in
#<LedgerLite::Ledger
@addr={
"Vincent" => 5,
"Anne" => 0,
"Julia" => 3,
"Luuk" => 1,
"Ruben" => 9,
"Max" => 3,
"Martijn" => 1}>
that is, the addr hash holds all addresses (addr) with the account balances telling you who owns how much:
| Addr(ess) | Balance $ |
|---|---|
| Vincent | 5 |
| Anne | 0 |
| Julia | 3 |
| Luuk | 1 |
| Ruben | 9 |
| Max | 3 |
| Martijn | 1 |
write to write / add transactionsOr use transaction hashes:
ledger = Ledger.new
ledger.write( from: "Central Bank†", to: "Vincent", amount: 11 )
ledger.write( from: "Vincent", to: "Anne", amount: 3 )
ledger.write( from: "Anne", to: "Julia", amount: 2 )
ledger.write( from: "Julia", to: "Luuk", amount: 1 )
ledger.write( { from: "De Nederlandsche Bank†", to: "Ruben", amount: 11 },
{ from: "Vincent", to: "Max", amount: 3 },
{ from: "Ruben", to: "Julia", amount: 2 },
{ from: "Anne", to: "Martijn", amount: 1 } )
pp ledger
Or use transaction (tx) classes/structs:
ledger = Ledger.new
ledger.write( Tx.new( "Central Bank†", "Vincent", 11 ))
ledger.write( Tx.new( "Vincent", "Anne", 3 ))
ledger.write( Tx.new( "Anne", "Julia", 2 ))
ledger.write( Tx.new( "Julia", "Luuk", 1 ))
ledger.write( Tx.new( "De Nederlandsche Bank†", "Ruben", 11 ),
Tx.new( "Vincent", "Max", 3 ),
Tx.new( "Ruben", "Julia", 2 ),
Tx.new( "Anne", "Martijn", 1 ))
pp ledger
Or use the operator << alias for write:
ledger = Ledger.new
ledger << Tx.new( "Central Bank†", "Vincent", 11 )
ledger << Tx.new( "Vincent", "Anne", 3 )
ledger << Tx.new( "Anne", "Julia", 2 )
ledger << Tx.new( "Julia", "Luuk", 1 )
ledger << [Tx.new( "De Nederlandsche Bank†", "Ruben", 11 ),
Tx.new( "Vincent", "Max", 3 ),
Tx.new( "Ruben", "Julia", 2 ),
Tx.new( "Anne", "Martijn", 1 )]
pp ledger
Or use blocks of transaction hashes:
ledger = Ledger.new
ledger.write( Block.new( { from: "Central Bank†", to: "Vincent", amount: 11 },
{ from: "Vincent", to: "Anne", amount: 3 },
{ from: "Anne", to: "Julia", amount: 2 },
{ from: "Julia", to: "Luuk", amount: 1 } ),
Block.new( { from: "De Nederlandsche Bank†", to: "Ruben", amount: 11 },
{ from: "Vincent", to: "Max", amount: 3 },
{ from: "Ruben", to: "Julia", amount: 2 },
{ from: "Anne", to: "Martijn", amount: 1 } ))
pp ledger
Or use blocks of transaction classes/structs:
ledger = Ledger.new
ledger.write( Block.new( Tx.new( "Central Bank†", "Vincent", 11 ),
Tx.new( "Vincent", "Anne", 3 ),
Tx.new( "Anne", "Julia", 2 ),
Tx.new( "Julia", "Luuk", 1 )),
Block.new( Tx.new( "De Nederlandsche Bank†", "Ruben", 11 ),
Tx.new( "Vincent", "Max", 3 ),
Tx.new( "Ruben", "Julia", 2 ),
Tx.new( "Anne", "Martijn", 1 )))
pp ledger
Or use blocks of transaction classes/structs (with keyword arguments):
ledger = Ledger.new
ledger.write( Block.new( Tx.new( from: "Central Bank†", to: "Vincent", amount: 11 ),
Tx.new( from: "Vincent", to: "Anne", amount: 3 ),
Tx.new( from: "Anne", to: "Julia", amount: 2 ),
Tx.new( from: "Julia", to: "Luuk", amount: 1 )),
Block.new( Tx.new( from: "De Nederlandsche Bank†", to: "Ruben", amount: 11 ),
Tx.new( from: "Vincent", to: "Max", amount: 3 ),
Tx.new( from: "Ruben", to: "Julia", amount: 2 ),
Tx.new( from: "Anne", to: "Martijn", amount: 1 )))
pp ledger
Ledger Lite lets you design / create your own transactions. For example, let's use
from, to, qty (quantity) and name (of commodity, collectible or asset).
Override the Ledger#unpack method for "unpacking" arguments from transactions
and the Ledger#send method for "committing" transactions:
def unpack( tx )
## "unpack" from, to, qty, name values
if tx.is_a?( Hash ) ## support hashes
from = tx[:from]
to = tx[:to]
qty = tx[:qty]
name = tx[:name]
else ## assume it's a transaction (tx) struct/class
from = tx.from
to = tx.to
qty = tx.qty
name = tx.name
end
[from,to,qty,name]
end
and
def send( from, to, qty, name )
if sufficient?( from, qty, name )
if self.class.config.coinbase?( from )
# note: coinbase has unlimited supply!! magic happens here
else
@addr[ from ][ name ] -= qty
end
@addr[ to ] ||= {} ## make sure addr exists (e.g. init with empty hash {})
@addr[ to ][ name ] ||= 0
@addr[ to ][ name ] += qty
end
end
Now use the ledger with the new transaction format like:
ledger = Ledger.new
ledger.send( "Keukenhof†", "Vincent", 11, "Tulip Admiral van Eijck" )
ledger.send( "Vincent", "Anne", 3, "Tulip Admiral van Eijck" )
ledger.send( "Anne", "Julia", 2, "Tulip Admiral van Eijck" )
ledger.send( "Julia", "Luuk", 1, "Tulip Admiral van Eijck" )
ledger.send( "Dutchgrown†", "Ruben", 11, "Tulip Semper Augustus" )
ledger.send( "Vincent", "Max", 3, "Tulip Admiral van Eijck" )
ledger.send( "Ruben", "Julia", 2, "Tulip Semper Augustus" )
ledger.send( "Anne", "Martijn", 1, "Tulip Admiral van Eijck" )
pp ledger ## pp == pretty print
resulting in:
#<LedgerLite::Ledger
@addr={
"Vincent" => {"Tulip Admiral van Eijck" => 5},
"Anne" => {"Tulip Admiral van Eijck" => 0},
"Julia" => {"Tulip Admiral van Eijck" => 1, "Tulip Semper Augustus" => 2},
"Luuk" => {"Tulip Admiral van Eijck" => 1},
"Ruben" => {"Tulip Semper Augustus" => 9},
"Max" => {"Tulip Admiral van Eijck" => 3},
"Martijn" => {"Tulip Admiral van Eijck" => 1}}>
Or use blocks of transaction classes/structs (with keyword arguments):
ledger = Ledger.new
ledger.write( Block.new( Tx.new( from: "Keukenhof†", to: "Vincent", qty: 11, name: "Tulip Admiral van Eijck" ),
Tx.new( from: "Vincent", to: "Anne", qty: 3, name: "Tulip Admiral van Eijck" ),
Tx.new( from: "Anne", to: "Julia", qty: 2, name: "Tulip Admiral van Eijck" ),
Tx.new( from: "Julia", to: "Luuk", qty: 1, name: "Tulip Admiral van Eijck" )),
Block.new( Tx.new( from: "Dutchgrown†", to: "Ruben", qty: 11, name: "Tulip Semper Augustus" ),
Tx.new( from: "Vincent", to: "Max", qty: 3, name: "Tulip Admiral van Eijck" ),
Tx.new( from: "Ruben", to: "Julia", qty: 2, name: "Tulip Semper Augustus" ),
Tx.new( from: "Anne", to: "Martijn", qty: 1, name: "Tulip Admiral van Eijck" )))
pp ledger
And so on and on.
Programming Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains (in Ruby) by Gerald Bauer et al, 2018, Yuki & Moto Press
The ledger-lite scripts are dedicated to the public domain.
Use it as you please with no restrictions whatsoever.
FAQs
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We found that ledger-lite demonstrated a not healthy version release cadence and project activity because the last version was released a year ago. It has 1 open source maintainer collaborating on the project.
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