Configuration Management

Package godo is the DigtalOcean API v2 client for Go The Databases service provides access to the DigitalOcean managed database suite of products. Customers can create new database clusters, migrate them between regions, create replicas and interact with their configurations. Each database service is referred to as a Database. A SQL database service can have multiple databases residing in the system. To help make these entities distinct from Databases in godo, we refer to them here as DatabaseDBs.

This is the official Go SDK for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#installing for installation instructions. Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring for configuration instructions. The following example shows how to get started with the SDK. The example belows creates an identityClient struct with the default configuration. It then utilizes the identityClient to list availability domains and prints them out to stdout More examples can be found in the SDK Github repo: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/tree/master/example Optional fields are represented with the `mandatory:"false"` tag on input structs. The SDK will omit all optional fields that are nil when making requests. In the case of enum-type fields, the SDK will omit fields whose value is an empty string. The SDK uses pointers for primitive types in many input structs. To aid in the construction of such structs, the SDK provides functions that return a pointer for a given value. For example: The SDK exposes functionality that allows the user to customize any http request before is sent to the service. You can do so by setting the `Interceptor` field in any of the `Client` structs. For example: The Interceptor closure gets called before the signing process, thus any changes done to the request will be properly signed and submitted to the service. The SDK exposes a stand-alone signer that can be used to signing custom requests. Related code can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/http_signer.go. The example below shows how to create a default signer. The signer also allows more granular control on the headers used for signing. For example: You can combine a custom signer with the exposed clients in the SDK. This allows you to add custom signed headers to the request. Following is an example: Bear in mind that some services have a white list of headers that it expects to be signed. Therefore, adding an arbitrary header can result in authentications errors. To see a runnable example, see https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_identity_test.go For more information on the signing algorithm refer to: https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/Content/API/Concepts/signingrequests.htm Some operations accept or return polymorphic JSON objects. The SDK models such objects as interfaces. Further the SDK provides structs that implement such interfaces. Thus, for all operations that expect interfaces as input, pass the struct in the SDK that satisfies such interface. For example: In the case of a polymorphic response you can type assert the interface to the expected type. For example: An example of polymorphic JSON request handling can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_test.go#L63 When calling a list operation, the operation will retrieve a page of results. To retrieve more data, call the list operation again, passing in the value of the most recent response's OpcNextPage as the value of Page in the next list operation call. When there is no more data the OpcNextPage field will be nil. An example of pagination using this logic can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_pagination_test.go The SDK has a built-in logging mechanism used internally. The internal logging logic is used to record the raw http requests, responses and potential errors when (un)marshalling request and responses. Built-in logging in the SDK is controlled via the environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" and its contents. The below are possible values for the "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" variable 1. "info" or "i" enables all info logging messages 2. "debug" or "d" enables all debug and info logging messages 3. "verbose" or "v" or "1" enables all verbose, debug and info logging messages 4. "null" turns all logging messages off. If the value of the environment variable does not match any of the above then default logging level is "info". If the environment variable is not present then no logging messages are emitted. The default destination for logging is Stderr and if you want to output log to a file you can set via environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_OUTPUT_MODE". The below are possible values 1. "file" or "f" enables all logging output saved to file 2. "combine" or "c" enables all logging output to both stderr and file You can also customize the log file location and name via "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_FILE" environment variable, the value should be the path to a specific file If this environment variable is not present, the default location will be the project root path Sometimes you may need to wait until an attribute of a resource, such as an instance or a VCN, reaches a certain state. An example of this would be launching an instance and then waiting for the instance to become available, or waiting until a subnet in a VCN has been terminated. You might also want to retry the same operation again if there's network issue etc... This can be accomplished by using the RequestMetadata.RetryPolicy(request level configuration), alternatively, global(all services) or client level RetryPolicy configration is also possible. You can find the examples here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_retry_test.go If you are trying to make a PUT/POST API call with binary request body, please make sure the binary request body is resettable, which means the request body should inherit Seeker interface. The Retry behavior Precedence (Highest to lowest) is defined as below:- The OCI Go SDK defines a default retry policy that retries on the errors suitable for retries (see https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/API/References/apierrors.htm), for a recommended period of time (up to 7 attempts spread out over at most approximately 1.5 minutes). The default retry policy is defined by : Default Retry-able Errors Below is the list of default retry-able errors for which retry attempts should be made. The following errors should be retried (with backoff). HTTP Code Customer-facing Error Code Apart from the above errors, retries should also be attempted in the following Client Side errors : 1. HTTP Connection timeout 2. Request Connection Errors 3. Request Exceptions 4. Other timeouts (like Read Timeout) The above errors can be avoided through retrying and hence, are classified as the default retry-able errors. Additionally, retries should also be made for Circuit Breaker exceptions (Exceptions raised by Circuit Breaker in an open state) Default Termination Strategy The termination strategy defines when SDKs should stop attempting to retry. In other words, it's the deadline for retries. The OCI SDKs should stop retrying the operation after 7 retry attempts. This means the SDKs will have retried for ~98 seconds or ~1.5 minutes have elapsed due to total delays. SDKs will make a total of 8 attempts. (1 initial request + 7 retries) Default Delay Strategy Default Delay Strategy - The delay strategy defines the amount of time to wait between each of the retry attempts. The default delay strategy chosen for the SDK – Exponential backoff with jitter, using: 1. The base time to use in retry calculations will be 1 second 2. An exponent of 2. When calculating the next retry time, the SDK will raise this to the power of the number of attempts 3. A maximum wait time between calls of 30 seconds (Capped) 4. Added jitter value between 0-1000 milliseconds to spread out the requests Configure and use default retry policy You can set this retry policy for a single request: or for all requests made by a client: or for all requests made by all clients: or setting default retry via environment varaible, which is a global switch for all services: Some services enable retry for operations by default, this can be overridden using any alternatives mentioned above. To know which service operations have retries enabled by default, look at the operation's description in the SDK - it will say whether that it has retries enabled by default Some resources may have to be replicated across regions and are only eventually consistent. That means the request to create, update, or delete the resource succeeded, but the resource is not available everywhere immediately. Creating, updating, or deleting any resource in the Identity service is affected by eventual consistency, and doing so may cause other operations in other services to fail until the Identity resource has been replicated. For example, the request to CreateTag in the Identity service in the home region succeeds, but immediately using that created tag in another region in a request to LaunchInstance in the Compute service may fail. If you are creating, updating, or deleting resources in the Identity service, we recommend using an eventually consistent retry policy for any service you access. The default retry policy already deals with eventual consistency. Example: This retry policy will use a different strategy if an eventually consistent change was made in the recent past (called the "eventually consistent window", currently defined to be 4 minutes after the eventually consistent change). This special retry policy for eventual consistency will: 1. make up to 9 attempts (including the initial attempt); if an attempt is successful, no more attempts will be made 2. retry at most until (a) approximately the end of the eventually consistent window or (b) the end of the default retry period of about 1.5 minutes, whichever is farther in the future; if an attempt is successful, no more attempts will be made, and the OCI Go SDK will not wait any longer 3. retry on the error codes 400-RelatedResourceNotAuthorizedOrNotFound, 404-NotAuthorizedOrNotFound, and 409-NotAuthorizedOrResourceAlreadyExists, for which the default retry policy does not retry, in addition to the errors the default retry policy retries on (see https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/API/References/apierrors.htm) If there were no eventually consistent actions within the recent past, then this special retry strategy is not used. If you want a retry policy that does not handle eventual consistency in a special way, for example because you retry on all error responses, you can use DefaultRetryPolicyWithoutEventualConsistency or NewRetryPolicyWithOptions with the common.ReplaceWithValuesFromRetryPolicy(common.DefaultRetryPolicyWithoutEventualConsistency()) option: The NewRetryPolicy function also creates a retry policy without eventual consistency. Circuit Breaker can prevent an application repeatedly trying to execute an operation that is likely to fail, allowing it to continue without waiting for the fault to be rectified or wasting CPU cycles, of course, it also enables an application to detect whether the fault has been resolved. If the problem appears to have been rectified, the application can attempt to invoke the operation. Go SDK intergrates sony/gobreaker solution, wraps in a circuit breaker object, which monitors for failures. Once the failures reach a certain threshold, the circuit breaker trips, and all further calls to the circuit breaker return with an error, this also saves the service from being overwhelmed with network calls in case of an outage. Circuit Breaker Configuration Definitions 1. Failure Rate Threshold - The state of the CircuitBreaker changes from CLOSED to OPEN when the failure rate is equal or greater than a configurable threshold. For example when more than 50% of the recorded calls have failed. 2. Reset Timeout - The timeout after which an open circuit breaker will attempt a request if a request is made 3. Failure Exceptions - The list of Exceptions that will be regarded as failures for the circuit. 4. Minimum number of calls/ Volume threshold - Configures the minimum number of calls which are required (per sliding window period) before the CircuitBreaker can calculate the error rate. 1. Failure Rate Threshold - 80% - This means when 80% of the requests calculated for a time window of 120 seconds have failed then the circuit will transition from closed to open. 2. Minimum number of calls/ Volume threshold - A value of 10, for the above defined time window of 120 seconds. 3. Reset Timeout - 30 seconds to wait before setting the breaker to halfOpen state, and trying the action again. 4. Failure Exceptions - The failures for the circuit will only be recorded for the retryable/transient exceptions. This means only the following exceptions will be regarded as failure for the circuit. HTTP Code Customer-facing Error Code Apart from the above, the following client side exceptions will also be treated as a failure for the circuit : 1. HTTP Connection timeout 2. Request Connection Errors 3. Request Exceptions 4. Other timeouts (like Read Timeout) Go SDK enable circuit breaker with default configuration for most of the service clients, if you don't want to enable the solution, can disable the functionality before your application running Go SDK also supports customize Circuit Breaker with specified configurations. You can find the examples here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_circuitbreaker_test.go To know which service clients have circuit breakers enabled, look at the service client's description in the SDK - it will say whether that it has circuit breakers enabled by default The GO SDK uses the net/http package to make calls to OCI services. If your environment requires you to use a proxy server for outgoing HTTP requests then you can set this up in the following ways: 1. Configuring environment variable as described here https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/#ProxyFromEnvironment 2. Modifying the underlying Transport struct for a service client In order to modify the underlying Transport struct in HttpClient, you can do something similar to (sample code for audit service client): The Object Storage service supports multipart uploads to make large object uploads easier by splitting the large object into parts. The Go SDK supports raw multipart upload operations for advanced use cases, as well as a higher level upload class that uses the multipart upload APIs. For links to the APIs used for multipart upload operations, see Managing Multipart Uploads (https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/Object/Tasks/usingmultipartuploads.htm). Higher level multipart uploads are implemented using the UploadManager, which will: split a large object into parts for you, upload the parts in parallel, and then recombine and commit the parts as a single object in storage. This code sample shows how to use the UploadManager to automatically split an object into parts for upload to simplify interaction with the Object Storage service: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_objectstorage_test.go Some response fields are enum-typed. In the future, individual services may return values not covered by existing enums for that field. To address this possibility, every enum-type response field is a modeled as a type that supports any string. Thus if a service returns a value that is not recognized by your version of the SDK, then the response field will be set to this value. When individual services return a polymorphic JSON response not available as a concrete struct, the SDK will return an implementation that only satisfies the interface modeling the polymorphic JSON response. If you are using a version of the SDK released prior to the announcement of a new region, you may need to use a workaround to reach it, depending on whether the region is in the oraclecloud.com realm. A region is a localized geographic area. For more information on regions and how to identify them, see Regions and Availability Domains(https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/General/Concepts/regions.htm). A realm is a set of regions that share entities. You can identify your realm by looking at the domain name at the end of the network address. For example, the realm for xyz.abc.123.oraclecloud.com is oraclecloud.com. oraclecloud.com Realm: For regions in the oraclecloud.com realm, even if common.Region does not contain the new region, the forward compatibility of the SDK can automatically handle it. You can pass new region names just as you would pass ones that are already defined. For more information on passing region names in the configuration, see Configuring (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring). For details on common.Region, see (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/common.go). Other Realms: For regions in realms other than oraclecloud.com, you can use the following workarounds to reach new regions with earlier versions of the SDK. NOTE: Be sure to supply the appropriate endpoints for your region. You can overwrite the target host with client.Host: If you are authenticating via instance principals, you can set the authentication endpoint in an environment variable: Got a fix for a bug, or a new feature you'd like to contribute? The SDK is open source and accepting pull requests on GitHub https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk Licensing information available at: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/LICENSE.txt To be notified when a new version of the Go SDK is released, subscribe to the following feed: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/releases.atom Please refer to this link: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk#help

This is the official Go SDK for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#installing for installation instructions. Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring for configuration instructions. The following example shows how to get started with the SDK. The example belows creates an identityClient struct with the default configuration. It then utilizes the identityClient to list availability domains and prints them out to stdout More examples can be found in the SDK Github repo: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/tree/master/example Optional fields are represented with the `mandatory:"false"` tag on input structs. The SDK will omit all optional fields that are nil when making requests. In the case of enum-type fields, the SDK will omit fields whose value is an empty string. The SDK uses pointers for primitive types in many input structs. To aid in the construction of such structs, the SDK provides functions that return a pointer for a given value. For example: The SDK exposes functionality that allows the user to customize any http request before is sent to the service. You can do so by setting the `Interceptor` field in any of the `Client` structs. For example: The Interceptor closure gets called before the signing process, thus any changes done to the request will be properly signed and submitted to the service. The SDK exposes a stand-alone signer that can be used to signing custom requests. Related code can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/http_signer.go. The example below shows how to create a default signer. The signer also allows more granular control on the headers used for signing. For example: You can combine a custom signer with the exposed clients in the SDK. This allows you to add custom signed headers to the request. Following is an example: Bear in mind that some services have a white list of headers that it expects to be signed. Therefore, adding an arbitrary header can result in authentications errors. To see a runnable example, see https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_identity_test.go For more information on the signing algorithm refer to: https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/Content/API/Concepts/signingrequests.htm Some operations accept or return polymorphic JSON objects. The SDK models such objects as interfaces. Further the SDK provides structs that implement such interfaces. Thus, for all operations that expect interfaces as input, pass the struct in the SDK that satisfies such interface. For example: In the case of a polymorphic response you can type assert the interface to the expected type. For example: An example of polymorphic JSON request handling can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_test.go#L63 When calling a list operation, the operation will retrieve a page of results. To retrieve more data, call the list operation again, passing in the value of the most recent response's OpcNextPage as the value of Page in the next list operation call. When there is no more data the OpcNextPage field will be nil. An example of pagination using this logic can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_pagination_test.go The SDK has a built-in logging mechanism used internally. The internal logging logic is used to record the raw http requests, responses and potential errors when (un)marshalling request and responses. Built-in logging in the SDK is controlled via the environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" and its contents. The below are possible values for the "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" variable 1. "info" or "i" enables all info logging messages 2. "debug" or "d" enables all debug and info logging messages 3. "verbose" or "v" or "1" enables all verbose, debug and info logging messages 4. "null" turns all logging messages off. If the value of the environment variable does not match any of the above then default logging level is "info". If the environment variable is not present then no logging messages are emitted. The default destination for logging is Stderr and if you want to output log to a file you can set via environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_OUTPUT_MODE". The below are possible values 1. "file" or "f" enables all logging output saved to file 2. "combine" or "c" enables all logging output to both stderr and file You can also customize the log file location and name via "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_FILE" environment variable, the value should be the path to a specific file If this environment variable is not present, the default location will be the project root path Sometimes you may need to wait until an attribute of a resource, such as an instance or a VCN, reaches a certain state. An example of this would be launching an instance and then waiting for the instance to become available, or waiting until a subnet in a VCN has been terminated. You might also want to retry the same operation again if there's network issue etc... This can be accomplished by using the RequestMetadata.RetryPolicy(request level configuration), alternatively, global(all services) or client level RetryPolicy configration is also possible. You can find the examples here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_retry_test.go If you are trying to make a PUT/POST API call with binary request body, please make sure the binary request body is resettable, which means the request body should inherit Seeker interface. The Retry behavior Precedence (Highest to lowest) is defined as below:- The OCI Go SDK defines a default retry policy that retries on the errors suitable for retries (see https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/API/References/apierrors.htm), for a recommended period of time (up to 7 attempts spread out over at most approximately 1.5 minutes). The default retry policy is defined by : Default Retry-able Errors Below is the list of default retry-able errors for which retry attempts should be made. The following errors should be retried (with backoff). HTTP Code Customer-facing Error Code Apart from the above errors, retries should also be attempted in the following Client Side errors : 1. HTTP Connection timeout 2. Request Connection Errors 3. Request Exceptions 4. Other timeouts (like Read Timeout) The above errors can be avoided through retrying and hence, are classified as the default retry-able errors. Additionally, retries should also be made for Circuit Breaker exceptions (Exceptions raised by Circuit Breaker in an open state) Default Termination Strategy The termination strategy defines when SDKs should stop attempting to retry. In other words, it's the deadline for retries. The OCI SDKs should stop retrying the operation after 7 retry attempts. This means the SDKs will have retried for ~98 seconds or ~1.5 minutes have elapsed due to total delays. SDKs will make a total of 8 attempts. (1 initial request + 7 retries) Default Delay Strategy Default Delay Strategy - The delay strategy defines the amount of time to wait between each of the retry attempts. The default delay strategy chosen for the SDK – Exponential backoff with jitter, using: 1. The base time to use in retry calculations will be 1 second 2. An exponent of 2. When calculating the next retry time, the SDK will raise this to the power of the number of attempts 3. A maximum wait time between calls of 30 seconds (Capped) 4. Added jitter value between 0-1000 milliseconds to spread out the requests Configure and use default retry policy You can set this retry policy for a single request: or for all requests made by a client: or for all requests made by all clients: or setting default retry via environment varaible, which is a global switch for all services: Some services enable retry for operations by default, this can be overridden using any alternatives mentioned above. To know which service operations have retries enabled by default, look at the operation's description in the SDK - it will say whether that it has retries enabled by default Some resources may have to be replicated across regions and are only eventually consistent. That means the request to create, update, or delete the resource succeeded, but the resource is not available everywhere immediately. Creating, updating, or deleting any resource in the Identity service is affected by eventual consistency, and doing so may cause other operations in other services to fail until the Identity resource has been replicated. For example, the request to CreateTag in the Identity service in the home region succeeds, but immediately using that created tag in another region in a request to LaunchInstance in the Compute service may fail. If you are creating, updating, or deleting resources in the Identity service, we recommend using an eventually consistent retry policy for any service you access. The default retry policy already deals with eventual consistency. Example: This retry policy will use a different strategy if an eventually consistent change was made in the recent past (called the "eventually consistent window", currently defined to be 4 minutes after the eventually consistent change). This special retry policy for eventual consistency will: 1. make up to 9 attempts (including the initial attempt); if an attempt is successful, no more attempts will be made 2. retry at most until (a) approximately the end of the eventually consistent window or (b) the end of the default retry period of about 1.5 minutes, whichever is farther in the future; if an attempt is successful, no more attempts will be made, and the OCI Go SDK will not wait any longer 3. retry on the error codes 400-RelatedResourceNotAuthorizedOrNotFound, 404-NotAuthorizedOrNotFound, and 409-NotAuthorizedOrResourceAlreadyExists, for which the default retry policy does not retry, in addition to the errors the default retry policy retries on (see https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/API/References/apierrors.htm) If there were no eventually consistent actions within the recent past, then this special retry strategy is not used. If you want a retry policy that does not handle eventual consistency in a special way, for example because you retry on all error responses, you can use DefaultRetryPolicyWithoutEventualConsistency or NewRetryPolicyWithOptions with the common.ReplaceWithValuesFromRetryPolicy(common.DefaultRetryPolicyWithoutEventualConsistency()) option: The NewRetryPolicy function also creates a retry policy without eventual consistency. Circuit Breaker can prevent an application repeatedly trying to execute an operation that is likely to fail, allowing it to continue without waiting for the fault to be rectified or wasting CPU cycles, of course, it also enables an application to detect whether the fault has been resolved. If the problem appears to have been rectified, the application can attempt to invoke the operation. Go SDK intergrates sony/gobreaker solution, wraps in a circuit breaker object, which monitors for failures. Once the failures reach a certain threshold, the circuit breaker trips, and all further calls to the circuit breaker return with an error, this also saves the service from being overwhelmed with network calls in case of an outage. Circuit Breaker Configuration Definitions 1. Failure Rate Threshold - The state of the CircuitBreaker changes from CLOSED to OPEN when the failure rate is equal or greater than a configurable threshold. For example when more than 50% of the recorded calls have failed. 2. Reset Timeout - The timeout after which an open circuit breaker will attempt a request if a request is made 3. Failure Exceptions - The list of Exceptions that will be regarded as failures for the circuit. 4. Minimum number of calls/ Volume threshold - Configures the minimum number of calls which are required (per sliding window period) before the CircuitBreaker can calculate the error rate. 1. Failure Rate Threshold - 80% - This means when 80% of the requests calculated for a time window of 120 seconds have failed then the circuit will transition from closed to open. 2. Minimum number of calls/ Volume threshold - A value of 10, for the above defined time window of 120 seconds. 3. Reset Timeout - 30 seconds to wait before setting the breaker to halfOpen state, and trying the action again. 4. Failure Exceptions - The failures for the circuit will only be recorded for the retryable/transient exceptions. This means only the following exceptions will be regarded as failure for the circuit. HTTP Code Customer-facing Error Code Apart from the above, the following client side exceptions will also be treated as a failure for the circuit : 1. HTTP Connection timeout 2. Request Connection Errors 3. Request Exceptions 4. Other timeouts (like Read Timeout) Go SDK enable circuit breaker with default configuration for most of the service clients, if you don't want to enable the solution, can disable the functionality before your application running Go SDK also supports customize Circuit Breaker with specified configurations. You can find the examples here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_circuitbreaker_test.go To know which service clients have circuit breakers enabled, look at the service client's description in the SDK - it will say whether that it has circuit breakers enabled by default The GO SDK uses the net/http package to make calls to OCI services. If your environment requires you to use a proxy server for outgoing HTTP requests then you can set this up in the following ways: 1. Configuring environment variable as described here https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/#ProxyFromEnvironment 2. Modifying the underlying Transport struct for a service client In order to modify the underlying Transport struct in HttpClient, you can do something similar to (sample code for audit service client): The Object Storage service supports multipart uploads to make large object uploads easier by splitting the large object into parts. The Go SDK supports raw multipart upload operations for advanced use cases, as well as a higher level upload class that uses the multipart upload APIs. For links to the APIs used for multipart upload operations, see Managing Multipart Uploads (https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/Object/Tasks/usingmultipartuploads.htm). Higher level multipart uploads are implemented using the UploadManager, which will: split a large object into parts for you, upload the parts in parallel, and then recombine and commit the parts as a single object in storage. This code sample shows how to use the UploadManager to automatically split an object into parts for upload to simplify interaction with the Object Storage service: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_objectstorage_test.go Some response fields are enum-typed. In the future, individual services may return values not covered by existing enums for that field. To address this possibility, every enum-type response field is a modeled as a type that supports any string. Thus if a service returns a value that is not recognized by your version of the SDK, then the response field will be set to this value. When individual services return a polymorphic JSON response not available as a concrete struct, the SDK will return an implementation that only satisfies the interface modeling the polymorphic JSON response. If you are using a version of the SDK released prior to the announcement of a new region, you may need to use a workaround to reach it, depending on whether the region is in the oraclecloud.com realm. A region is a localized geographic area. For more information on regions and how to identify them, see Regions and Availability Domains(https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/General/Concepts/regions.htm). A realm is a set of regions that share entities. You can identify your realm by looking at the domain name at the end of the network address. For example, the realm for xyz.abc.123.oraclecloud.com is oraclecloud.com. oraclecloud.com Realm: For regions in the oraclecloud.com realm, even if common.Region does not contain the new region, the forward compatibility of the SDK can automatically handle it. You can pass new region names just as you would pass ones that are already defined. For more information on passing region names in the configuration, see Configuring (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring). For details on common.Region, see (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/common.go). Other Realms: For regions in realms other than oraclecloud.com, you can use the following workarounds to reach new regions with earlier versions of the SDK. NOTE: Be sure to supply the appropriate endpoints for your region. You can overwrite the target host with client.Host: If you are authenticating via instance principals, you can set the authentication endpoint in an environment variable: Got a fix for a bug, or a new feature you'd like to contribute? The SDK is open source and accepting pull requests on GitHub https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk Licensing information available at: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/LICENSE.txt To be notified when a new version of the Go SDK is released, subscribe to the following feed: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/releases.atom Please refer to this link: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk#help

Package ora implements an Oracle database driver. An Oracle database may be accessed through the database/sql package or through the ora package directly. database/sql offers connection pooling, thread safety, a consistent API to multiple database technologies and a common set of Go types. The ora package offers additional features including pointers, slices, nullable types, numerics of various sizes, Oracle-specific types, Go return type configuration, and Oracle abstractions such as environment, server and session. The ora package is written with the Oracle Call Interface (OCI) C-language libraries provided by Oracle. The OCI libraries are a standard for client application communication and driver communication with Oracle databases. The ora package has been verified to work with: Minimum requirements are Go 1.3 with CGO enabled, a GCC C compiler, and Oracle 11g (11.2.0.4.0) or Oracle Instant Client (11.2.0.4.0). Install Oracle or Oracle Instant Client. Copy the [oci8.pc](contrib/oci8.pc) from the `contrib` folder (or the one for your system, maybe tailored to your specific locations) to a folder in `$PKG_CONFIG_PATH` or a system folder, such as The ora package has no external Go dependencies and is available on GitHub and gopkg.in: The ora package supports all built-in Oracle data types. The supported Oracle built-in data types are NUMBER, BINARY_DOUBLE, BINARY_FLOAT, FLOAT, DATE, TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE, INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH, INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND, CHAR, NCHAR, VARCHAR, VARCHAR2, NVARCHAR2, LONG, CLOB, NCLOB, BLOB, LONG RAW, RAW, ROWID and BFILE. SYS_REFCURSOR is also supported. Oracle does not provide a built-in boolean type. Oracle provides a single-byte character type. A common practice is to define two single-byte characters which represent true and false. The ora package adopts this approach. The oracle package associates a Go bool value to a Go rune and sends and receives the rune to a CHAR(1 BYTE) column or CHAR(1 CHAR) column. The default false rune is zero '0'. The default true rune is one '1'. The bool rune association may be configured or disabled when directly using the ora package but not with the database/sql package. Within a SQL string a placeholder may be specified to indicate where a Go variable is placed. The SQL placeholder is an Oracle identifier, from 1 to 30 characters, prefixed with a colon (:). For example: Placeholders within a SQL statement are bound by position. The actual name is not used by the ora package driver e.g., placeholder names :c1, :1, or :xyz are treated equally. You may access an Oracle database through the database/sql package. The database/sql package offers a consistent API across different databases, connection pooling, thread safety and a set of common Go types. database/sql makes working with Oracle straight-forward. The ora package implements interfaces in the database/sql/driver package enabling database/sql to communicate with an Oracle database. Using database/sql ensures you never have to call the ora package directly. When using database/sql, the mapping between Go types and Oracle types may be changed slightly. The database/sql package has strict expectations on Go return types. The Go-to-Oracle type mapping for database/sql is: The "ora" driver is automatically registered for use with sql.Open, but you can call ora.SetDrvCfg to set the used configuration options including statement configuration and Rset configuration. When configuring the driver for use with database/sql, keep in mind that database/sql has strict Go type-to-Oracle type mapping expectations. The ora package allows programming with pointers, slices, nullable types, numerics of various sizes, Oracle-specific types, Go return type configuration, and Oracle abstractions such as environment, server and session. When working with the ora package directly, the API is slightly different than database/sql. When using the ora package directly, the mapping between Go types and Oracle types may be changed. The Go-to-Oracle type mapping for the ora package is: An example of using the ora package directly: Pointers may be used to capture out-bound values from a SQL statement such as an insert or stored procedure call. For example, a numeric pointer captures an identity value: A string pointer captures an out parameter from a stored procedure: Slices may be used to insert multiple records with a single insert statement: The ora package provides nullable Go types to support DML operations such as insert and select. The nullable Go types provided by the ora package are Int64, Int32, Int16, Int8, Uint64, Uint32, Uint16, Uint8, Float64, Float32, Time, IntervalYM, IntervalDS, String, Bool, Binary and Bfile. For example, you may insert nullable Strings and select nullable Strings: The Stmt.Prep method is variadic accepting zero or more GoColumnType which define a Go return type for a select-list column. For example, a Prep call can be configured to return an int64 and a nullable Int64 from the same column: Go numerics of various sizes are supported in DML operations. The ora package supports int64, int32, int16, int8, uint64, uint32, uint16, uint8, float64 and float32. For example, you may insert a uint16 and select numerics of various sizes: If a non-nullable type is defined for a nullable column returning null, the Go type's zero value is returned. GoColumnTypes defined by the ora package are: When Stmt.Prep doesn't receive a GoColumnType, or receives an incorrect GoColumnType, the default value defined in RsetCfg is used. EnvCfg, SrvCfg, SesCfg, StmtCfg and RsetCfg are the main configuration structs. EnvCfg configures aspects of an Env. SrvCfg configures aspects of a Srv. SesCfg configures aspects of a Ses. StmtCfg configures aspects of a Stmt. RsetCfg configures aspects of Rset. StmtCfg and RsetCfg have the most options to configure. RsetCfg defines the default mapping between an Oracle select-list column and a Go type. StmtCfg may be set in an EnvCfg, SrvCfg, SesCfg and StmtCfg. RsetCfg may be set in a Stmt. EnvCfg.StmtCfg, SrvCfg.StmtCfg, SesCfg.StmtCfg may optionally be specified to configure a statement. If StmtCfg isn't specified default values are applied. EnvCfg.StmtCfg, SrvCfg.StmtCfg, SesCfg.StmtCfg cascade to new descendent structs. When ora.OpenEnv() is called a specified EnvCfg is used or a default EnvCfg is created. Creating a Srv with env.OpenSrv() will use SrvCfg.StmtCfg if it is specified; otherwise, EnvCfg.StmtCfg is copied by value to SrvCfg.StmtCfg. Creating a Ses with srv.OpenSes() will use SesCfg.StmtCfg if it is specified; otherwise, SrvCfg.StmtCfg is copied by value to SesCfg.StmtCfg. Creating a Stmt with ses.Prep() will use SesCfg.StmtCfg if it is specified; otherwise, a new StmtCfg with default values is set on the Stmt. Call Stmt.Cfg() to change a Stmt's configuration. An Env may contain multiple Srv. A Srv may contain multiple Ses. A Ses may contain multiple Stmt. A Stmt may contain multiple Rset. Setting a RsetCfg on a StmtCfg does not cascade through descendent structs. Configuration of Stmt.Cfg takes effect prior to calls to Stmt.Exe and Stmt.Qry; consequently, any updates to Stmt.Cfg after a call to Stmt.Exe or Stmt.Qry are not observed. One configuration scenario may be to set a server's select statements to return nullable Go types by default: Another scenario may be to configure the runes mapped to bool values: Oracle-specific types offered by the ora package are ora.Rset, ora.IntervalYM, ora.IntervalDS, ora.Raw, ora.Lob and ora.Bfile. ora.Rset represents an Oracle SYS_REFCURSOR. ora.IntervalYM represents an Oracle INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH. ora.IntervalDS represents an Oracle INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND. ora.Raw represents an Oracle RAW or LONG RAW. ora.Lob may represent an Oracle BLOB or Oracle CLOB. And ora.Bfile represents an Oracle BFILE. ROWID columns are returned as strings and don't have a unique Go type. Rset is used to obtain Go values from a SQL select statement. Methods Rset.Next, Rset.NextRow, and Rset.Len are available. Fields Rset.Row, Rset.Err, Rset.Index, and Rset.ColumnNames are also available. The Next method attempts to load data from an Oracle buffer into Row, returning true when successful. When no data is available, or if an error occurs, Next returns false setting Row to nil. Any error in Next is assigned to Err. Calling Next increments Index and method Len returns the total number of rows processed. The NextRow method is convenient for returning a single row. NextRow calls Next and returns Row. ColumnNames returns the names of columns defined by the SQL select statement. Rset has two usages. Rset may be returned from Stmt.Qry when prepared with a SQL select statement: Or, *Rset may be passed to Stmt.Exe when prepared with a stored procedure accepting an OUT SYS_REFCURSOR parameter: Stored procedures with multiple OUT SYS_REFCURSOR parameters enable a single Exe call to obtain multiple Rsets: The types of values assigned to Row may be configured in StmtCfg.Rset. For configuration to take effect, assign StmtCfg.Rset prior to calling Stmt.Qry or Stmt.Exe. Rset prefetching may be controlled by StmtCfg.PrefetchRowCount and StmtCfg.PrefetchMemorySize. PrefetchRowCount works in coordination with PrefetchMemorySize. When PrefetchRowCount is set to zero only PrefetchMemorySize is used; otherwise, the minimum of PrefetchRowCount and PrefetchMemorySize is used. The default uses a PrefetchMemorySize of 134MB. Opening and closing Rsets is managed internally. Rset does not have an Open method or Close method. IntervalYM may be be inserted and selected: IntervalDS may be be inserted and selected: Transactions on an Oracle server are supported. DML statements auto-commit unless a transaction has started: Ses.PrepAndExe, Ses.PrepAndQry, Ses.Ins, Ses.Upd, and Ses.Sel are convenient one-line methods. Ses.PrepAndExe offers a convenient one-line call to Ses.Prep and Stmt.Exe. Ses.PrepAndQry offers a convenient one-line call to Ses.Prep and Stmt.Qry. Ses.Ins composes, prepares and executes a sql INSERT statement. Ses.Ins is useful when you have to create and maintain a simple INSERT statement with a long list of columns. As table columns are added and dropped over the lifetime of a table Ses.Ins is easy to read and revise. Ses.Upd composes, prepares and executes a sql UPDATE statement. Ses.Upd is useful when you have to create and maintain a simple UPDATE statement with a long list of columns. As table columns are added and dropped over the lifetime of a table Ses.Upd is easy to read and revise. Ses.Sel composes, prepares and queries a sql SELECT statement. Ses.Sel is useful when you have to create and maintain a simple SELECT statement with a long list of columns that have non-default GoColumnTypes. As table columns are added and dropped over the lifetime of a table Ses.Sel is easy to read and revise. The Ses.Ping method checks whether the client's connection to an Oracle server is valid. A call to Ping requires an open Ses. Ping will return a nil error when the connection is fine: The Srv.Version method is available to obtain the Oracle server version. A call to Version requires an open Ses: Further code examples are available in the example file, test files and samples folder. The ora package provides a simple ora.Logger interface for logging. Logging is disabled by default. Specify one of three optional built-in logging packages to enable logging; or, use your own logging package. ora.Cfg().Log offers various options to enable or disable logging of specific ora driver methods. For example: To use the standard Go log package: which produces a sample log of: Messages are prefixed with 'ORA I' for information or 'ORA E' for an error. The log package is configured to write to os.Stderr by default. Use the ora/lg.Std type to configure an alternative io.Writer. To use the glog package: which produces a sample log of: To use the log15 package: which produces a sample log of: See https://github.com/rana/ora/tree/master/samples/lg15/main.go for sample code which uses the log15 package. Tests are available and require some setup. Setup varies depending on whether the Oracle server is configured as a container database or non-container database. It's simpler to setup a non-container database. An example for each setup is explained. Non-container test database setup steps: Container test database setup steps: Some helpful SQL maintenance statements: Run the tests. database/sql method Stmt.QueryRow is not supported. Copyright 2015 Rana Ian. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by The MIT License found in the accompanying LICENSE file.

This is the official Go SDK for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#installing for installation instructions. Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring for configuration instructions. The following example shows how to get started with the SDK. The example belows creates an identityClient struct with the default configuration. It then utilizes the identityClient to list availability domains and prints them out to stdout More examples can be found in the SDK Github repo: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/tree/master/example Optional fields are represented with the `mandatory:"false"` tag on input structs. The SDK will omit all optional fields that are nil when making requests. In the case of enum-type fields, the SDK will omit fields whose value is an empty string. The SDK uses pointers for primitive types in many input structs. To aid in the construction of such structs, the SDK provides functions that return a pointer for a given value. For example: The SDK exposes functionality that allows the user to customize any http request before is sent to the service. You can do so by setting the `Interceptor` field in any of the `Client` structs. For example: The Interceptor closure gets called before the signing process, thus any changes done to the request will be properly signed and submitted to the service. The SDK exposes a stand-alone signer that can be used to signing custom requests. Related code can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/http_signer.go. The example below shows how to create a default signer. The signer also allows more granular control on the headers used for signing. For example: You can combine a custom signer with the exposed clients in the SDK. This allows you to add custom signed headers to the request. Following is an example: Bear in mind that some services have a white list of headers that it expects to be signed. Therefore, adding an arbitrary header can result in authentications errors. To see a runnable example, see https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_identity_test.go For more information on the signing algorithm refer to: https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/Content/API/Concepts/signingrequests.htm Some operations accept or return polymorphic JSON objects. The SDK models such objects as interfaces. Further the SDK provides structs that implement such interfaces. Thus, for all operations that expect interfaces as input, pass the struct in the SDK that satisfies such interface. For example: In the case of a polymorphic response you can type assert the interface to the expected type. For example: An example of polymorphic JSON request handling can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_test.go#L63 When calling a list operation, the operation will retrieve a page of results. To retrieve more data, call the list operation again, passing in the value of the most recent response's OpcNextPage as the value of Page in the next list operation call. When there is no more data the OpcNextPage field will be nil. An example of pagination using this logic can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_pagination_test.go The SDK has a built-in logging mechanism used internally. The internal logging logic is used to record the raw http requests, responses and potential errors when (un)marshalling request and responses. Built-in logging in the SDK is controlled via the environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" and its contents. The below are possible values for the "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" variable 1. "info" or "i" enables all info logging messages 2. "debug" or "d" enables all debug and info logging messages 3. "verbose" or "v" or "1" enables all verbose, debug and info logging messages 4. "null" turns all logging messages off. If the value of the environment variable does not match any of the above then default logging level is "info". If the environment variable is not present then no logging messages are emitted. The default destination for logging is Stderr and if you want to output log to a file you can set via environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_OUTPUT_MODE". The below are possible values 1. "file" or "f" enables all logging output saved to file 2. "combine" or "c" enables all logging output to both stderr and file You can also customize the log file location and name via "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_FILE" environment variable, the value should be the path to a specific file If this environment variable is not present, the default location will be the project root path Sometimes you may need to wait until an attribute of a resource, such as an instance or a VCN, reaches a certain state. An example of this would be launching an instance and then waiting for the instance to become available, or waiting until a subnet in a VCN has been terminated. You might also want to retry the same operation again if there's network issue etc... This can be accomplished by using the RequestMetadata.RetryPolicy. You can find the examples here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_retry_test.go The GO SDK uses the net/http package to make calls to OCI services. If your environment requires you to use a proxy server for outgoing HTTP requests then you can set this up in the following ways: 1. Configuring environment variable as described here https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/#ProxyFromEnvironment 2. Modifying the underlying Transport struct for a service client In order to modify the underlying Transport struct in HttpClient, you can do something similar to (sample code for audit service client): The Object Storage service supports multipart uploads to make large object uploads easier by splitting the large object into parts. The Go SDK supports raw multipart upload operations for advanced use cases, as well as a higher level upload class that uses the multipart upload APIs. For links to the APIs used for multipart upload operations, see Managing Multipart Uploads (https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/Object/Tasks/usingmultipartuploads.htm). Higher level multipart uploads are implemented using the UploadManager, which will: split a large object into parts for you, upload the parts in parallel, and then recombine and commit the parts as a single object in storage. This code sample shows how to use the UploadManager to automatically split an object into parts for upload to simplify interaction with the Object Storage service: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_objectstorage_test.go Some response fields are enum-typed. In the future, individual services may return values not covered by existing enums for that field. To address this possibility, every enum-type response field is a modeled as a type that supports any string. Thus if a service returns a value that is not recognized by your version of the SDK, then the response field will be set to this value. When individual services return a polymorphic JSON response not available as a concrete struct, the SDK will return an implementation that only satisfies the interface modeling the polymorphic JSON response. If you are using a version of the SDK released prior to the announcement of a new region, you may need to use a workaround to reach it, depending on whether the region is in the oraclecloud.com realm. A region is a localized geographic area. For more information on regions and how to identify them, see Regions and Availability Domains(https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/General/Concepts/regions.htm). A realm is a set of regions that share entities. You can identify your realm by looking at the domain name at the end of the network address. For example, the realm for xyz.abc.123.oraclecloud.com is oraclecloud.com. oraclecloud.com Realm: For regions in the oraclecloud.com realm, even if common.Region does not contain the new region, the forward compatibility of the SDK can automatically handle it. You can pass new region names just as you would pass ones that are already defined. For more information on passing region names in the configuration, see Configuring (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring). For details on common.Region, see (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/common.go). Other Realms: For regions in realms other than oraclecloud.com, you can use the following workarounds to reach new regions with earlier versions of the SDK. NOTE: Be sure to supply the appropriate endpoints for your region. You can overwrite the target host with client.Host: If you are authenticating via instance principals, you can set the authentication endpoint in an environment variable: Got a fix for a bug, or a new feature you'd like to contribute? The SDK is open source and accepting pull requests on GitHub https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk Licensing information available at: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/LICENSE.txt To be notified when a new version of the Go SDK is released, subscribe to the following feed: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/releases.atom Please refer to this link: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk#help

Package fault provides standard http middleware for fault injection in go. Use the fault package to inject faults into the http request path of your service. Faults work by modifying and/or delaying your service's http responses. Place the Fault middleware high enough in the chain that it can act quickly, but after any other middlewares that should complete before fault injection (auth, redirects, etc...). The type and severity of injected faults is controlled by options passed to NewFault(Injector, Options). NewFault must be passed an Injector, which is an interface that holds the actual fault injection code in Injector.Handler. The Fault wraps Injector.Handler in another Fault.Handler that applies generic Fault logic (such as what % of requests to run the Injector on) to the Injector. Make sure you use the NewFault() and NewTypeInjector() constructors to create valid Faults and Injectors. There are three main Injectors provided by the fault package: Use fault.RejectInjector to immediately return an empty response. For example, a curl for a rejected response will produce: Use fault.ErrorInjector to immediately return a valid http status code of your choosing along with the standard HTTP response body for that code. For example, you can return a 200, 301, 418, 500, or any other valid status code to test how your clients respond to different statuses. Pass the WithStatusText() option to customize the response text. Use fault.SlowInjector to wait a configured time.Duration before proceeding with the request. For example, you can use the SlowInjector to add a 10ms delay to your requests. Use fault.RandomInjector to randomly choose one of the above faults to inject. Pass a list of Injector to fault.NewRandomInjector and when RandomInjector is evaluated it will randomly run one of the injectors that you passed. It is easy to combine any of the Injectors into a chained action. There are two ways you might want to combine Injectors. First, you can create separate Faults for each Injector that are sequential but independent of each other. For example, you can chain Faults such that 1% of requests will return a 500 error and another 1% of requests will be rejected. Second, you might want to combine Faults such that 1% of requests will be slowed for 10ms and then rejected. You want these Faults to depend on each other. For this use the special ChainInjector, which consolidates any number of Injectors into a single Injector that runs each of the provided Injectors sequentially. When you add the ChainInjector to a Fault the entire chain will always execute together. The NewFault() constructor has WithPathBlocklist() and WithPathAllowlist() options. Any path you include in the PathBlocklist will never have faults run against it. With PathAllowlist, if you provide a non-empty list then faults will not be run against any paths except those specified in PathAllowlist. The PathBlocklist take priority over the PathAllowlist, a path in both lists will never have a fault run against it. The paths that you include must match exactly the path in req.URL.Path, including leading and trailing slashes. Simmilarly, you may also use WithHeaderBlocklist() and WithHeaderAllowlist() to block or allow faults based on a map of header keys to values. These lists behave in the same way as the path allowlists and blocklists except that they operate on headers. Header equality is determined using http.Header.Get(key) which automatically canonicalizes your keys and does not support multi-value headers. Keep these limitations in mind when working with header allowlists and blocklists. Specifying very large lists of paths or headers may cause memory or performance issues. If you're running into these problems you should instead consider using your http router to enable the middleware on only a subset of your routes. The fault package provides an Injector interface and you can satisfy that interface to provide your own Injector. Use custom injectors to add additional logic to the package-provided injectors or to create your own completely new Injector that can still be managed by a Fault. The package provides a Reporter interface that can be added to Faults and Injectors using the WithReporter option. A Reporter will receive events when the state of the Injector changes. For example, Reporter.Report(InjectorName, StateStarted) is run at the beginning of all Injectors. The Reporter is meant to be provided by the consumer of the package and integrate with services like stats and logging. The default Reporter throws away all events. By default all randomness is seeded with defaultRandSeed(1), the same default as math/rand. This helps you reproduce any errors you see when running an Injector. If you prefer, you can also customize the seed passing WithRandSeed() to NewFault and NewRandomInjector. Some Injectors support customizing the functions they use to run their injections. You can take advantage of these options to add your own logic to an existing Injector instead of creating your own. For example, modify the SlowInjector function to slow in a rancom distribution instead of for a fixed duration. Be careful when you use these options that your return values fall within the same range of values expected by the default functions to avoid panics or other undesirable begavior. Customize the function a Fault uses to determine participation (default: rand.Float32) by passing WithRandFloat32Func() to NewFault(). Customize the function a RandomInjector uses to choose which injector to run (default: rand.Intn) by passing WithRandIntFunc() to NewRandomInjector(). Customize the function a SlowInjector uses to wait (default: time.Sleep) by passing WithSlowFunc() to NewSlowInjector(). Configuration for the fault package is done through options passed to NewFault and NewInjector. Once a Fault is created its enabled state and participation percentage can be updated with SetEnabled() and SetParticipation(). There is no other way to manage configuration for the package. It is up to the user of the fault package to manage how the options are generated. Common options are feature flags, environment variables, or code changes in deploys. Example is a package-level documentation example.

Custom Pod Autoscaler is the core program that runs inside a Custom Pod Autoscaler Image. The program handles interactions with the Kubernetes API, manages triggering Custom Pod Autoscaler User Logic through shell commands, exposes a simple HTTP REST API for viewing metrics and evaluations, and handles parsing user configuration to specify polling intervals, Kubernetes namespaces, command timeouts etc. The Custom Pod Autoscaler must be run inside a Kubernetes cluster.

Package sdk is the official AWS SDK for the Go programming language. The AWS SDK for Go provides APIs and utilities that developers can use to build Go applications that use AWS services, such as Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) and Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). The SDK removes the complexity of coding directly against a web service interface. It hides a lot of the lower-level plumbing, such as authentication, request retries, and error handling. The SDK also includes helpful utilities on top of the AWS APIs that add additional capabilities and functionality. For example, the Amazon S3 Download and Upload Manager will automatically split up large objects into multiple parts and transfer them concurrently. See the s3manager package documentation for more information. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/service/s3/s3manager/ Checkout the Getting Started Guide and API Reference Docs detailed the SDK's components and details on each AWS client the SDK supports. The Getting Started Guide provides examples and detailed description of how to get setup with the SDK. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/v1/developer-guide/welcome.html The API Reference Docs include a detailed breakdown of the SDK's components such as utilities and AWS clients. Use this as a reference of the Go types included with the SDK, such as AWS clients, API operations, and API parameters. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/ The SDK is composed of two main components, SDK core, and service clients. The SDK core packages are all available under the aws package at the root of the SDK. Each client for a supported AWS service is available within its own package under the service folder at the root of the SDK. aws - SDK core, provides common shared types such as Config, Logger, and utilities to make working with API parameters easier. awserr - Provides the error interface that the SDK will use for all errors that occur in the SDK's processing. This includes service API response errors as well. The Error type is made up of a code and message. Cast the SDK's returned error type to awserr.Error and call the Code method to compare returned error to specific error codes. See the package's documentation for additional values that can be extracted such as RequestId. credentials - Provides the types and built in credentials providers the SDK will use to retrieve AWS credentials to make API requests with. Nested under this folder are also additional credentials providers such as stscreds for assuming IAM roles, and ec2rolecreds for EC2 Instance roles. endpoints - Provides the AWS Regions and Endpoints metadata for the SDK. Use this to lookup AWS service endpoint information such as which services are in a region, and what regions a service is in. Constants are also provided for all region identifiers, e.g UsWest2RegionID for "us-west-2". session - Provides initial default configuration, and load configuration from external sources such as environment and shared credentials file. request - Provides the API request sending, and retry logic for the SDK. This package also includes utilities for defining your own request retryer, and configuring how the SDK processes the request. service - Clients for AWS services. All services supported by the SDK are available under this folder. The SDK includes the Go types and utilities you can use to make requests to AWS service APIs. Within the service folder at the root of the SDK you'll find a package for each AWS service the SDK supports. All service clients follows a common pattern of creation and usage. When creating a client for an AWS service you'll first need to have a Session value constructed. The Session provides shared configuration that can be shared between your service clients. When service clients are created you can pass in additional configuration via the aws.Config type to override configuration provided by in the Session to create service client instances with custom configuration. Once the service's client is created you can use it to make API requests the AWS service. These clients are safe to use concurrently. In the AWS SDK for Go, you can configure settings for service clients, such as the log level and maximum number of retries. Most settings are optional; however, for each service client, you must specify a region and your credentials. The SDK uses these values to send requests to the correct AWS region and sign requests with the correct credentials. You can specify these values as part of a session or as environment variables. See the SDK's configuration guide for more information. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/v1/developer-guide/configuring-sdk.html See the session package documentation for more information on how to use Session with the SDK. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/session/ See the Config type in the aws package for more information on configuration options. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/#Config When using the SDK you'll generally need your AWS credentials to authenticate with AWS services. The SDK supports multiple methods of supporting these credentials. By default the SDK will source credentials automatically from its default credential chain. See the session package for more information on this chain, and how to configure it. The common items in the credential chain are the following: Environment Credentials - Set of environment variables that are useful when sub processes are created for specific roles. Shared Credentials file (~/.aws/credentials) - This file stores your credentials based on a profile name and is useful for local development. EC2 Instance Role Credentials - Use EC2 Instance Role to assign credentials to application running on an EC2 instance. This removes the need to manage credential files in production. Credentials can be configured in code as well by setting the Config's Credentials value to a custom provider or using one of the providers included with the SDK to bypass the default credential chain and use a custom one. This is helpful when you want to instruct the SDK to only use a specific set of credentials or providers. This example creates a credential provider for assuming an IAM role, "myRoleARN" and configures the S3 service client to use that role for API requests. See the credentials package documentation for more information on credential providers included with the SDK, and how to customize the SDK's usage of credentials. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/credentials The SDK has support for the shared configuration file (~/.aws/config). This support can be enabled by setting the environment variable, "AWS_SDK_LOAD_CONFIG=1", or enabling the feature in code when creating a Session via the Option's SharedConfigState parameter. In addition to the credentials you'll need to specify the region the SDK will use to make AWS API requests to. In the SDK you can specify the region either with an environment variable, or directly in code when a Session or service client is created. The last value specified in code wins if the region is specified multiple ways. To set the region via the environment variable set the "AWS_REGION" to the region you want to the SDK to use. Using this method to set the region will allow you to run your application in multiple regions without needing additional code in the application to select the region. The endpoints package includes constants for all regions the SDK knows. The values are all suffixed with RegionID. These values are helpful, because they reduce the need to type the region string manually. To set the region on a Session use the aws package's Config struct parameter Region to the AWS region you want the service clients created from the session to use. This is helpful when you want to create multiple service clients, and all of the clients make API requests to the same region. See the endpoints package for the AWS Regions and Endpoints metadata. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/endpoints/ In addition to setting the region when creating a Session you can also set the region on a per service client bases. This overrides the region of a Session. This is helpful when you want to create service clients in specific regions different from the Session's region. See the Config type in the aws package for more information and additional options such as setting the Endpoint, and other service client configuration options. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/#Config Once the client is created you can make an API request to the service. Each API method takes a input parameter, and returns the service response and an error. The SDK provides methods for making the API call in multiple ways. In this list we'll use the S3 ListObjects API as an example for the different ways of making API requests. ListObjects - Base API operation that will make the API request to the service. ListObjectsRequest - API methods suffixed with Request will construct the API request, but not send it. This is also helpful when you want to get a presigned URL for a request, and share the presigned URL instead of your application making the request directly. ListObjectsPages - Same as the base API operation, but uses a callback to automatically handle pagination of the API's response. ListObjectsWithContext - Same as base API operation, but adds support for the Context pattern. This is helpful for controlling the canceling of in flight requests. See the Go standard library context package for more information. This method also takes request package's Option functional options as the variadic argument for modifying how the request will be made, or extracting information from the raw HTTP response. ListObjectsPagesWithContext - same as ListObjectsPages, but adds support for the Context pattern. Similar to ListObjectsWithContext this method also takes the request package's Option function option types as the variadic argument. In addition to the API operations the SDK also includes several higher level methods that abstract checking for and waiting for an AWS resource to be in a desired state. In this list we'll use WaitUntilBucketExists to demonstrate the different forms of waiters. WaitUntilBucketExists. - Method to make API request to query an AWS service for a resource's state. Will return successfully when that state is accomplished. WaitUntilBucketExistsWithContext - Same as WaitUntilBucketExists, but adds support for the Context pattern. In addition these methods take request package's WaiterOptions to configure the waiter, and how underlying request will be made by the SDK. The API method will document which error codes the service might return for the operation. These errors will also be available as const strings prefixed with "ErrCode" in the service client's package. If there are no errors listed in the API's SDK documentation you'll need to consult the AWS service's API documentation for the errors that could be returned. Pagination helper methods are suffixed with "Pages", and provide the functionality needed to round trip API page requests. Pagination methods take a callback function that will be called for each page of the API's response. Waiter helper methods provide the functionality to wait for an AWS resource state. These methods abstract the logic needed to to check the state of an AWS resource, and wait until that resource is in a desired state. The waiter will block until the resource is in the state that is desired, an error occurs, or the waiter times out. If a resource times out the error code returned will be request.WaiterResourceNotReadyErrorCode. This example shows a complete working Go file which will upload a file to S3 and use the Context pattern to implement timeout logic that will cancel the request if it takes too long. This example highlights how to use sessions, create a service client, make a request, handle the error, and process the response.

Pact Go enables consumer driven contract testing, providing a mock service and DSL for the consumer project, and interaction playback and verification for the service provider project. Consumer side Pact testing is an isolated test that ensures a given component is able to collaborate with another (remote) component. Pact will automatically start a Mock server in the background that will act as the collaborators' test double. This implies that any interactions expected on the Mock server will be validated, meaning a test will fail if all interactions were not completed, or if unexpected interactions were found: A typical consumer-side test would look something like this: If this test completed successfully, a Pact file should have been written to ./pacts/my_consumer-my_provider.json containing all of the interactions expected to occur between the Consumer and Provider. In addition to verbatim value matching, you have 3 useful matching functions in the `dsl` package that can increase expressiveness and reduce brittle test cases. Here is a complex example that shows how all 3 terms can be used together: This example will result in a response body from the mock server that looks like: See the examples in the dsl package and the matcher tests (https://github.com/pact-foundation/pact-go/blob/master/dsl/matcher_test.go) for more matching examples. NOTE: You will need to use valid Ruby regular expressions (http://ruby-doc.org/core-2.1.5/Regexp.html) and double escape backslashes. Read more about flexible matching (https://github.com/pact-foundation/pact-ruby/wiki/Regular-expressions-and-type-matching-with-Pact. Provider side Pact testing, involves verifying that the contract - the Pact file - can be satisfied by the Provider. A typical Provider side test would like something like: The `VerifyProvider` will handle all verifications, treating them as subtests and giving you granular test reporting. If you don't like this behaviour, you may call `VerifyProviderRaw` directly and handle the errors manually. Note that `PactURLs` may be a list of local pact files or remote based urls (possibly from a Pact Broker - http://docs.pact.io/documentation/sharings_pacts.html). Pact reads the specified pact files (from remote or local sources) and replays the interactions against a running Provider. If all of the interactions are met we can say that both sides of the contract are satisfied and the test passes. When validating a Provider, you have 3 options to provide the Pact files: 1. Use "PactURLs" to specify the exact set of pacts to be replayed: Options 2 and 3 are particularly useful when you want to validate that your Provider is able to meet the contracts of what's in Production and also the latest in development. See this [article](http://rea.tech/enter-the-pact-matrix-or-how-to-decouple-the-release-cycles-of-your-microservices/) for more on this strategy. Each interaction in a pact should be verified in isolation, with no context maintained from the previous interactions. So how do you test a request that requires data to exist on the provider? Provider states are how you achieve this using Pact. Provider states also allow the consumer to make the same request with different expected responses (e.g. different response codes, or the same resource with a different subset of data). States are configured on the consumer side when you issue a dsl.Given() clause with a corresponding request/response pair. Configuring the provider is a little more involved, and (currently) requires running an API endpoint to configure any [provider states](http://docs.pact.io/documentation/provider_states.html) during the verification process. The option you must provide to the dsl.VerifyRequest is: An example route using the standard Go http package might look like this: See the examples or read more at http://docs.pact.io/documentation/provider_states.html. See the Pact Broker (http://docs.pact.io/documentation/sharings_pacts.html) documentation for more details on the Broker and this article (http://rea.tech/enter-the-pact-matrix-or-how-to-decouple-the-release-cycles-of-your-microservices/) on how to make it work for you. Publishing using Go code: Publishing from the CLI: Use a cURL request like the following to PUT the pact to the right location, specifying your consumer name, provider name and consumer version. The following flags are required to use basic authentication when publishing or retrieving Pact files to/from a Pact Broker: Pact Go uses a simple log utility (logutils - https://github.com/hashicorp/logutils) to filter log messages. The CLI already contains flags to manage this, should you want to control log level in your tests, you can set it like so:

`mimic`: A Go module for defining and generating config in Go: * Define your Configuration (e.g Envoy, Prometheus, Alertmanager, Nginx, Prometheus Alerts, Rules, Grafana Dashaboards etc.) * Define your Infrastructure (e.g Terraform, Ansible, Puppet, Chef, etc) * Define your Container Management (e.g Docker compose, Kubernetes, etc) * Define any other file that you can imagine ... using simple, typed and testable Go code!

Package codecatalyst provides the API client, operations, and parameter types for Amazon CodeCatalyst. Welcome to the Amazon CodeCatalyst API reference. This reference provides descriptions of operations and data types for Amazon CodeCatalyst. You can use the Amazon CodeCatalyst API to work with the following objects. Spaces, by calling the following: DeleteSpace GetSpace GetSubscription ListSpaces UpdateSpace Projects, by calling the following: CreateProject GetProject ListProjects Users, by calling the following: GetUserDetails Source repositories, by calling the following: CreateSourceRepository CreateSourceRepositoryBranch DeleteSourceRepository GetSourceRepository GetSourceRepositoryCloneUrls ListSourceRepositories ListSourceRepositoryBranches Dev Environments and the Amazon Web Services Toolkits, by calling the following: CreateDevEnvironment DeleteDevEnvironment GetDevEnvironment ListDevEnvironments ListDevEnvironmentSessions StartDevEnvironment StartDevEnvironmentSession StopDevEnvironment StopDevEnvironmentSession UpdateDevEnvironment Workflows, by calling the following: GetWorkflow GetWorkflowRun ListWorkflowRuns ListWorkflows StartWorkflowRun Security, activity, and resource management in Amazon CodeCatalyst, by calling the following: CreateAccessToken DeleteAccessToken ListAccessTokens ListEventLogs VerifySession If you are using the Amazon CodeCatalyst APIs with an SDK or the CLI, you must configure your computer to work with Amazon CodeCatalyst and single sign-on (SSO). For more information, see Setting up to use the CLI with Amazon CodeCatalystand the SSO documentation for your SDK.

Package pgx is a PostgreSQL database driver. pgx provides lower level access to PostgreSQL than the standard database/sql. It remains as similar to the database/sql interface as possible while providing better speed and access to PostgreSQL specific features. Import github.com/jackc/pgx/stdlib to use pgx as a database/sql compatible driver. pgx implements Query and Scan in the familiar database/sql style. pgx also implements QueryRow in the same style as database/sql. Use Exec to execute a query that does not return a result set. Connection pool usage is explicit and configurable. In pgx, a connection can be created and managed directly, or a connection pool with a configurable maximum connections can be used. The connection pool offers an after connect hook that allows every connection to be automatically setup before being made available in the connection pool. It delegates methods such as QueryRow to an automatically checked out and released connection so you can avoid manually acquiring and releasing connections when you do not need that level of control. pgx maps between all common base types directly between Go and PostgreSQL. In particular: pgx can map nulls in two ways. The first is package pgtype provides types that have a data field and a status field. They work in a similar fashion to database/sql. The second is to use a pointer to a pointer. pgx maps between int16, int32, int64, float32, float64, and string Go slices and the equivalent PostgreSQL array type. Go slices of native types do not support nulls, so if a PostgreSQL array that contains a null is read into a native Go slice an error will occur. The pgtype package includes many more array types for PostgreSQL types that do not directly map to native Go types. pgx includes built-in support to marshal and unmarshal between Go types and the PostgreSQL JSON and JSONB. pgx encodes from net.IPNet to and from inet and cidr PostgreSQL types. In addition, as a convenience pgx will encode from a net.IP; it will assume a /32 netmask for IPv4 and a /128 for IPv6. pgx includes support for the common data types like integers, floats, strings, dates, and times that have direct mappings between Go and SQL. In addition, pgx uses the github.com/jackc/pgx/pgtype library to support more types. See documention for that library for instructions on how to implement custom types. See example_custom_type_test.go for an example of a custom type for the PostgreSQL point type. pgx also includes support for custom types implementing the database/sql.Scanner and database/sql/driver.Valuer interfaces. If pgx does cannot natively encode a type and that type is a renamed type (e.g. type MyTime time.Time) pgx will attempt to encode the underlying type. While this is usually desired behavior it can produce suprising behavior if one the underlying type and the renamed type each implement database/sql interfaces and the other implements pgx interfaces. It is recommended that this situation be avoided by implementing pgx interfaces on the renamed type. []byte passed as arguments to Query, QueryRow, and Exec are passed unmodified to PostgreSQL. Transactions are started by calling Begin or BeginEx. The BeginEx variant can create a transaction with a specified isolation level. Use CopyFrom to efficiently insert multiple rows at a time using the PostgreSQL copy protocol. CopyFrom accepts a CopyFromSource interface. If the data is already in a [][]interface{} use CopyFromRows to wrap it in a CopyFromSource interface. Or implement CopyFromSource to avoid buffering the entire data set in memory. CopyFrom can be faster than an insert with as few as 5 rows. pgx can listen to the PostgreSQL notification system with the WaitForNotification function. It takes a maximum time to wait for a notification. The pgx ConnConfig struct has a TLSConfig field. If this field is nil, then TLS will be disabled. If it is present, then it will be used to configure the TLS connection. This allows total configuration of the TLS connection. pgx has never explicitly supported Postgres < 9.6's `ssl_renegotiation` option. As of v3.3.0, it doesn't send `ssl_renegotiation: 0` either to support Redshift (https://github.com/jackc/pgx/pull/476). If you need TLS Renegotiation, consider supplying `ConnConfig.TLSConfig` with a non-zero `Renegotiation` value and if it's not the default on your server, set `ssl_renegotiation` via `ConnConfig.RuntimeParams`. pgx defines a simple logger interface. Connections optionally accept a logger that satisfies this interface. Set LogLevel to control logging verbosity. Adapters for github.com/inconshreveable/log15, github.com/sirupsen/logrus, and the testing log are provided in the log directory.

Extensible Go library for creating fast, SSR-first frontend avoiding vanilla templating downsides. Creating asynchronous and dynamic layout parts is a complex problem for larger projects using `html/template`. This library tries to simplify overall setup and process. Let's go straight into a simple example. Then, we will dig into details, step by step, how it works. Kyoto provides a set of simple net/http handlers, handler builders and function wrappers to provide serving, pages rendering, component actions, etc. Anyway, this is not an ultimative solution for any case. If you ever need to wrap/extend existing functionality, library encourages this. See functions inside of nethttp.go file for details and advanced usage. Example: Kyoto provides a way to define components. It's a very common approach for modern libraries to manage frontend parts. In kyoto each component is a context receiver, which returns it's state. Each component becomes a part of the page or top-level component, which executes component asynchronously and gets a state future object. In that way your components are executing in a non-blocking way. Pages are just top-level components, where you can configure rendering and page related stuff. Example: As an option, you can wrap component with another function to accept additional paramenters from top-level page/component. Example: Kyoto provides a context, which holds common objects like http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, etc. See kyoto.Context for details. Example: Kyoto provides a set of parameters and functions to provide a comfortable template building process. You can configure template building parameters with kyoto.TemplateConf configuration. See template.go for available functions and kyoto.TemplateConfiguration for configuration details. Example: Kyoto provides a way to simplify building dynamic UIs. For this purpose it has a feature named actions. Logic is pretty simple. Client calls an action (sends a request to the server). Action is executing on server side and server is sending updated component markup to the client which will be morphed into DOM. That's it. To use actions, you need to go through a few steps. You'll need to include a client into page (JS functions for communication) and register an actions handler for a needed component. Let's start from including a client. Then, let's register an actions handler for a needed component. That's all! Now we ready to use actions to provide a dynamic UI. Example: In this example you can see provided modifications to the quick start example. First, we've added a state and name into our components' markup. In this way we are saving our components' state between actions and find a component root. Unfortunately, we have to manually provide a component name for now, we haven't found a way to provide it dynamically. Second, we've added a reload button with onclick function call. We're using a function Action provided by a client. Action triggering will be described in details later. Third, we've added an action handler inside of our component. This handler will be executed when a client calls an action with a corresponding name. It's highly recommended to keep components' state as small as possible. It will be transmitted on each action call. Kyoto have multiple ways to trigger actions. Now we will check them one by one. This is the simplest way to trigger an action. It's just a function call with a referer (usually 'this', f.e. button) as a first argument (used to determine root), action name as a second argument and arguments as a rest. Arguments must to be JSON serializable. It's possible to trigger an action of another component. If you want to call an action of parent component, use $ prefix in action name. If you want to call an action of component by id, use <id:action> as an action name. This is a specific action which is triggered when a form is submitted. Usually called in onsubmit="..." attribute of a form. You'll need to implement 'Submit' action to handle this trigger. This is a special HTML attribute which will trigger an action on page load. This may be useful for components' lazy loading. With this special HTML attributes you can trigger an action with interval. Useful for components that must to be updated over time (f.e. charts, stats, etc). You can use this trigger with ssa:poll and ssa:poll.interval HTML attributes. This one attribute allows you to trigger an action when an element is visible on the screen. May be useful for lazy loading. Kyoto provides a way to control action flow. For now, it's possible to control display style on component call and push multiple UI updates to the client during a single action. Because kyoto makes a roundtrip to the server every time an action is triggered on the page, there are cases where the page may not react immediately to a user event (like a click). That's why the library provides a way to easily control display attributes on action call. You can use this HTML attribute to control display during action call. At the end of an action the layout will be restored. A small note. Don't forget to set a default display for loading elements like spinners and loaders. You can push multiple component UI updates during a single action call. Just call kyoto.ActionFlush(ctx, state) to initiate an update. Kyoto provides a way to control action rendering. Now there is at least 2 rendering options after an action call: morph (default) and replace. Morph will try to morph received markup to the current one with morphdom library. In case of an error, or explicit "replace" mode, markup will be replaced with x.outerHTML = '...'.

This is the official Go SDK for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#installing for installation instructions. Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring for configuration instructions. The following example shows how to get started with the SDK. The example belows creates an identityClient struct with the default configuration. It then utilizes the identityClient to list availability domains and prints them out to stdout More examples can be found in the SDK Github repo: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/tree/master/example Optional fields are represented with the `mandatory:"false"` tag on input structs. The SDK will omit all optional fields that are nil when making requests. In the case of enum-type fields, the SDK will omit fields whose value is an empty string. The SDK uses pointers for primitive types in many input structs. To aid in the construction of such structs, the SDK provides functions that return a pointer for a given value. For example: The SDK exposes functionality that allows the user to customize any http request before is sent to the service. You can do so by setting the `Interceptor` field in any of the `Client` structs. For example: The Interceptor closure gets called before the signing process, thus any changes done to the request will be properly signed and submitted to the service. The SDK exposes a stand-alone signer that can be used to signing custom requests. Related code can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/http_signer.go. The example below shows how to create a default signer. The signer also allows more granular control on the headers used for signing. For example: You can combine a custom signer with the exposed clients in the SDK. This allows you to add custom signed headers to the request. Following is an example: Bear in mind that some services have a white list of headers that it expects to be signed. Therefore, adding an arbitrary header can result in authentications errors. To see a runnable example, see https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_identity_test.go For more information on the signing algorithm refer to: https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/Content/API/Concepts/signingrequests.htm Some operations accept or return polymorphic JSON objects. The SDK models such objects as interfaces. Further the SDK provides structs that implement such interfaces. Thus, for all operations that expect interfaces as input, pass the struct in the SDK that satisfies such interface. For example: In the case of a polymorphic response you can type assert the interface to the expected type. For example: An example of polymorphic JSON request handling can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_test.go#L63 When calling a list operation, the operation will retrieve a page of results. To retrieve more data, call the list operation again, passing in the value of the most recent response's OpcNextPage as the value of Page in the next list operation call. When there is no more data the OpcNextPage field will be nil. An example of pagination using this logic can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_pagination_test.go The SDK has a built-in logging mechanism used internally. The internal logging logic is used to record the raw http requests, responses and potential errors when (un)marshalling request and responses. Built-in logging in the SDK is controlled via the environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" and its contents. The below are possible values for the "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" variable 1. "info" or "i" enables all info logging messages 2. "debug" or "d" enables all debug and info logging messages 3. "verbose" or "v" or "1" enables all verbose, debug and info logging messages 4. "null" turns all logging messages off. If the value of the environment variable does not match any of the above then default logging level is "info". If the environment variable is not present then no logging messages are emitted. The default destination for logging is Stderr and if you want to output log to a file you can set via environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_OUTPUT_MODE". The below are possible values 1. "file" or "f" enables all logging output saved to file 2. "combine" or "c" enables all logging output to both stderr and file You can also customize the log file location and name via "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_FILE" environment variable, the value should be the path to a specific file If this environment variable is not present, the default location will be the project root path Sometimes you may need to wait until an attribute of a resource, such as an instance or a VCN, reaches a certain state. An example of this would be launching an instance and then waiting for the instance to become available, or waiting until a subnet in a VCN has been terminated. You might also want to retry the same operation again if there's network issue etc... This can be accomplished by using the RequestMetadata.RetryPolicy(request level configuration), alternatively, global(all services) or client level RetryPolicy configration is also possible. You can find the examples here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_retry_test.go If you are trying to make a PUT/POST API call with binary request body, please make sure the binary request body is resettable, which means the request body should inherit Seeker interface. The Retry behavior Precedence (Highest to lowest) is defined as below:- The OCI Go SDK defines a default retry policy that retries on the errors suitable for retries (see https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/API/References/apierrors.htm), for a recommended period of time (up to 7 attempts spread out over at most approximately 1.5 minutes). The default retry policy is defined by : Default Retry-able Errors Below is the list of default retry-able errors for which retry attempts should be made. The following errors should be retried (with backoff). HTTP Code Customer-facing Error Code Apart from the above errors, retries should also be attempted in the following Client Side errors : 1. HTTP Connection timeout 2. Request Connection Errors 3. Request Exceptions 4. Other timeouts (like Read Timeout) The above errors can be avoided through retrying and hence, are classified as the default retry-able errors. Additionally, retries should also be made for Circuit Breaker exceptions (Exceptions raised by Circuit Breaker in an open state) Default Termination Strategy The termination strategy defines when SDKs should stop attempting to retry. In other words, it's the deadline for retries. The OCI SDKs should stop retrying the operation after 7 retry attempts. This means the SDKs will have retried for ~98 seconds or ~1.5 minutes have elapsed due to total delays. SDKs will make a total of 8 attempts. (1 initial request + 7 retries) Default Delay Strategy Default Delay Strategy - The delay strategy defines the amount of time to wait between each of the retry attempts. The default delay strategy chosen for the SDK – Exponential backoff with jitter, using: 1. The base time to use in retry calculations will be 1 second 2. An exponent of 2. When calculating the next retry time, the SDK will raise this to the power of the number of attempts 3. A maximum wait time between calls of 30 seconds (Capped) 4. Added jitter value between 0-1000 milliseconds to spread out the requests Configure and use default retry policy You can set this retry policy for a single request: or for all requests made by a client: or for all requests made by all clients: or setting default retry via environment varaible, which is a global switch for all services: Some services enable retry for operations by default, this can be overridden using any alternatives mentioned above. To know which service operations have retries enabled by default, look at the operation's description in the SDK - it will say whether that it has retries enabled by default Some resources may have to be replicated across regions and are only eventually consistent. That means the request to create, update, or delete the resource succeeded, but the resource is not available everywhere immediately. Creating, updating, or deleting any resource in the Identity service is affected by eventual consistency, and doing so may cause other operations in other services to fail until the Identity resource has been replicated. For example, the request to CreateTag in the Identity service in the home region succeeds, but immediately using that created tag in another region in a request to LaunchInstance in the Compute service may fail. If you are creating, updating, or deleting resources in the Identity service, we recommend using an eventually consistent retry policy for any service you access. The default retry policy already deals with eventual consistency. Example: This retry policy will use a different strategy if an eventually consistent change was made in the recent past (called the "eventually consistent window", currently defined to be 4 minutes after the eventually consistent change). This special retry policy for eventual consistency will: 1. make up to 9 attempts (including the initial attempt); if an attempt is successful, no more attempts will be made 2. retry at most until (a) approximately the end of the eventually consistent window or (b) the end of the default retry period of about 1.5 minutes, whichever is farther in the future; if an attempt is successful, no more attempts will be made, and the OCI Go SDK will not wait any longer 3. retry on the error codes 400-RelatedResourceNotAuthorizedOrNotFound, 404-NotAuthorizedOrNotFound, and 409-NotAuthorizedOrResourceAlreadyExists, for which the default retry policy does not retry, in addition to the errors the default retry policy retries on (see https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/API/References/apierrors.htm) If there were no eventually consistent actions within the recent past, then this special retry strategy is not used. If you want a retry policy that does not handle eventual consistency in a special way, for example because you retry on all error responses, you can use DefaultRetryPolicyWithoutEventualConsistency or NewRetryPolicyWithOptions with the common.ReplaceWithValuesFromRetryPolicy(common.DefaultRetryPolicyWithoutEventualConsistency()) option: The NewRetryPolicy function also creates a retry policy without eventual consistency. Circuit Breaker can prevent an application repeatedly trying to execute an operation that is likely to fail, allowing it to continue without waiting for the fault to be rectified or wasting CPU cycles, of course, it also enables an application to detect whether the fault has been resolved. If the problem appears to have been rectified, the application can attempt to invoke the operation. Go SDK intergrates sony/gobreaker solution, wraps in a circuit breaker object, which monitors for failures. Once the failures reach a certain threshold, the circuit breaker trips, and all further calls to the circuit breaker return with an error, this also saves the service from being overwhelmed with network calls in case of an outage. Circuit Breaker Configuration Definitions 1. Failure Rate Threshold - The state of the CircuitBreaker changes from CLOSED to OPEN when the failure rate is equal or greater than a configurable threshold. For example when more than 50% of the recorded calls have failed. 2. Reset Timeout - The timeout after which an open circuit breaker will attempt a request if a request is made 3. Failure Exceptions - The list of Exceptions that will be regarded as failures for the circuit. 4. Minimum number of calls/ Volume threshold - Configures the minimum number of calls which are required (per sliding window period) before the CircuitBreaker can calculate the error rate. 1. Failure Rate Threshold - 80% - This means when 80% of the requests calculated for a time window of 120 seconds have failed then the circuit will transition from closed to open. 2. Minimum number of calls/ Volume threshold - A value of 10, for the above defined time window of 120 seconds. 3. Reset Timeout - 30 seconds to wait before setting the breaker to halfOpen state, and trying the action again. 4. Failure Exceptions - The failures for the circuit will only be recorded for the retryable/transient exceptions. This means only the following exceptions will be regarded as failure for the circuit. HTTP Code Customer-facing Error Code Apart from the above, the following client side exceptions will also be treated as a failure for the circuit : 1. HTTP Connection timeout 2. Request Connection Errors 3. Request Exceptions 4. Other timeouts (like Read Timeout) Go SDK enable circuit breaker with default configuration for most of the service clients, if you don't want to enable the solution, can disable the functionality before your application running Go SDK also supports customize Circuit Breaker with specified configurations. You can find the examples here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_circuitbreaker_test.go To know which service clients have circuit breakers enabled, look at the service client's description in the SDK - it will say whether that it has circuit breakers enabled by default The GO SDK uses the net/http package to make calls to OCI services. If your environment requires you to use a proxy server for outgoing HTTP requests then you can set this up in the following ways: 1. Configuring environment variable as described here https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/#ProxyFromEnvironment 2. Modifying the underlying Transport struct for a service client In order to modify the underlying Transport struct in HttpClient, you can do something similar to (sample code for audit service client): The Object Storage service supports multipart uploads to make large object uploads easier by splitting the large object into parts. The Go SDK supports raw multipart upload operations for advanced use cases, as well as a higher level upload class that uses the multipart upload APIs. For links to the APIs used for multipart upload operations, see Managing Multipart Uploads (https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/Object/Tasks/usingmultipartuploads.htm). Higher level multipart uploads are implemented using the UploadManager, which will: split a large object into parts for you, upload the parts in parallel, and then recombine and commit the parts as a single object in storage. This code sample shows how to use the UploadManager to automatically split an object into parts for upload to simplify interaction with the Object Storage service: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_objectstorage_test.go Some response fields are enum-typed. In the future, individual services may return values not covered by existing enums for that field. To address this possibility, every enum-type response field is a modeled as a type that supports any string. Thus if a service returns a value that is not recognized by your version of the SDK, then the response field will be set to this value. When individual services return a polymorphic JSON response not available as a concrete struct, the SDK will return an implementation that only satisfies the interface modeling the polymorphic JSON response. If you are using a version of the SDK released prior to the announcement of a new region, you may need to use a workaround to reach it, depending on whether the region is in the oraclecloud.com realm. A region is a localized geographic area. For more information on regions and how to identify them, see Regions and Availability Domains(https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/General/Concepts/regions.htm). A realm is a set of regions that share entities. You can identify your realm by looking at the domain name at the end of the network address. For example, the realm for xyz.abc.123.oraclecloud.com is oraclecloud.com. oraclecloud.com Realm: For regions in the oraclecloud.com realm, even if common.Region does not contain the new region, the forward compatibility of the SDK can automatically handle it. You can pass new region names just as you would pass ones that are already defined. For more information on passing region names in the configuration, see Configuring (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring). For details on common.Region, see (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/common.go). Other Realms: For regions in realms other than oraclecloud.com, you can use the following workarounds to reach new regions with earlier versions of the SDK. NOTE: Be sure to supply the appropriate endpoints for your region. You can overwrite the target host with client.Host: If you are authenticating via instance principals, you can set the authentication endpoint in an environment variable: Got a fix for a bug, or a new feature you'd like to contribute? The SDK is open source and accepting pull requests on GitHub https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk Licensing information available at: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/LICENSE.txt To be notified when a new version of the Go SDK is released, subscribe to the following feed: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/releases.atom Please refer to this link: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk#help

This is the official Go SDK for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#installing for installation instructions. Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring for configuration instructions. The following example shows how to get started with the SDK. The example belows creates an identityClient struct with the default configuration. It then utilizes the identityClient to list availability domains and prints them out to stdout More examples can be found in the SDK Github repo: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/tree/master/example Optional fields are represented with the `mandatory:"false"` tag on input structs. The SDK will omit all optional fields that are nil when making requests. In the case of enum-type fields, the SDK will omit fields whose value is an empty string. The SDK uses pointers for primitive types in many input structs. To aid in the construction of such structs, the SDK provides functions that return a pointer for a given value. For example: The SDK exposes functionality that allows the user to customize any http request before is sent to the service. You can do so by setting the `Interceptor` field in any of the `Client` structs. For example: The Interceptor closure gets called before the signing process, thus any changes done to the request will be properly signed and submitted to the service. The SDK exposes a stand-alone signer that can be used to signing custom requests. Related code can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/http_signer.go. The example below shows how to create a default signer. The signer also allows more granular control on the headers used for signing. For example: You can combine a custom signer with the exposed clients in the SDK. This allows you to add custom signed headers to the request. Following is an example: Bear in mind that some services have a white list of headers that it expects to be signed. Therefore, adding an arbitrary header can result in authentications errors. To see a runnable example, see https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_identity_test.go For more information on the signing algorithm refer to: https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/Content/API/Concepts/signingrequests.htm Some operations accept or return polymorphic JSON objects. The SDK models such objects as interfaces. Further the SDK provides structs that implement such interfaces. Thus, for all operations that expect interfaces as input, pass the struct in the SDK that satisfies such interface. For example: In the case of a polymorphic response you can type assert the interface to the expected type. For example: An example of polymorphic JSON request handling can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_test.go#L63 When calling a list operation, the operation will retrieve a page of results. To retrieve more data, call the list operation again, passing in the value of the most recent response's OpcNextPage as the value of Page in the next list operation call. When there is no more data the OpcNextPage field will be nil. An example of pagination using this logic can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_pagination_test.go The SDK has a built-in logging mechanism used internally. The internal logging logic is used to record the raw http requests, responses and potential errors when (un)marshalling request and responses. Built-in logging in the SDK is controlled via the environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" and its contents. The below are possible values for the "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" variable 1. "info" or "i" enables all info logging messages 2. "debug" or "d" enables all debug and info logging messages 3. "verbose" or "v" or "1" enables all verbose, debug and info logging messages 4. "null" turns all logging messages off. If the value of the environment variable does not match any of the above then default logging level is "info". If the environment variable is not present then no logging messages are emitted. The default destination for logging is Stderr and if you want to output log to a file you can set via environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_OUTPUT_MODE". The below are possible values 1. "file" or "f" enables all logging output saved to file 2. "combine" or "c" enables all logging output to both stderr and file You can also customize the log file location and name via "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_FILE" environment variable, the value should be the path to a specific file If this environment variable is not present, the default location will be the project root path Sometimes you may need to wait until an attribute of a resource, such as an instance or a VCN, reaches a certain state. An example of this would be launching an instance and then waiting for the instance to become available, or waiting until a subnet in a VCN has been terminated. You might also want to retry the same operation again if there's network issue etc... This can be accomplished by using the RequestMetadata.RetryPolicy. You can find the examples here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_retry_test.go If you are trying to make a PUT/POST API call with binary request body, please make sure the binary request body is resettable, which means the request body should inherit Seeker interface. The GO SDK uses the net/http package to make calls to OCI services. If your environment requires you to use a proxy server for outgoing HTTP requests then you can set this up in the following ways: 1. Configuring environment variable as described here https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/#ProxyFromEnvironment 2. Modifying the underlying Transport struct for a service client In order to modify the underlying Transport struct in HttpClient, you can do something similar to (sample code for audit service client): The Object Storage service supports multipart uploads to make large object uploads easier by splitting the large object into parts. The Go SDK supports raw multipart upload operations for advanced use cases, as well as a higher level upload class that uses the multipart upload APIs. For links to the APIs used for multipart upload operations, see Managing Multipart Uploads (https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/Object/Tasks/usingmultipartuploads.htm). Higher level multipart uploads are implemented using the UploadManager, which will: split a large object into parts for you, upload the parts in parallel, and then recombine and commit the parts as a single object in storage. This code sample shows how to use the UploadManager to automatically split an object into parts for upload to simplify interaction with the Object Storage service: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_objectstorage_test.go Some response fields are enum-typed. In the future, individual services may return values not covered by existing enums for that field. To address this possibility, every enum-type response field is a modeled as a type that supports any string. Thus if a service returns a value that is not recognized by your version of the SDK, then the response field will be set to this value. When individual services return a polymorphic JSON response not available as a concrete struct, the SDK will return an implementation that only satisfies the interface modeling the polymorphic JSON response. If you are using a version of the SDK released prior to the announcement of a new region, you may need to use a workaround to reach it, depending on whether the region is in the oraclecloud.com realm. A region is a localized geographic area. For more information on regions and how to identify them, see Regions and Availability Domains(https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/General/Concepts/regions.htm). A realm is a set of regions that share entities. You can identify your realm by looking at the domain name at the end of the network address. For example, the realm for xyz.abc.123.oraclecloud.com is oraclecloud.com. oraclecloud.com Realm: For regions in the oraclecloud.com realm, even if common.Region does not contain the new region, the forward compatibility of the SDK can automatically handle it. You can pass new region names just as you would pass ones that are already defined. For more information on passing region names in the configuration, see Configuring (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring). For details on common.Region, see (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/common.go). Other Realms: For regions in realms other than oraclecloud.com, you can use the following workarounds to reach new regions with earlier versions of the SDK. NOTE: Be sure to supply the appropriate endpoints for your region. You can overwrite the target host with client.Host: If you are authenticating via instance principals, you can set the authentication endpoint in an environment variable: Got a fix for a bug, or a new feature you'd like to contribute? The SDK is open source and accepting pull requests on GitHub https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk Licensing information available at: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/LICENSE.txt To be notified when a new version of the Go SDK is released, subscribe to the following feed: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/releases.atom Please refer to this link: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk#help

This is the official Go SDK for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#installing for installation instructions. Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring for configuration instructions. The following example shows how to get started with the SDK. The example belows creates an identityClient struct with the default configuration. It then utilizes the identityClient to list availability domains and prints them out to stdout More examples can be found in the SDK Github repo: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/tree/master/example Optional fields are represented with the `mandatory:"false"` tag on input structs. The SDK will omit all optional fields that are nil when making requests. In the case of enum-type fields, the SDK will omit fields whose value is an empty string. The SDK uses pointers for primitive types in many input structs. To aid in the construction of such structs, the SDK provides functions that return a pointer for a given value. For example: The SDK exposes functionality that allows the user to customize any http request before is sent to the service. You can do so by setting the `Interceptor` field in any of the `Client` structs. For example: The Interceptor closure gets called before the signing process, thus any changes done to the request will be properly signed and submitted to the service. The SDK exposes a stand-alone signer that can be used to signing custom requests. Related code can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/http_signer.go. The example below shows how to create a default signer. The signer also allows more granular control on the headers used for signing. For example: You can combine a custom signer with the exposed clients in the SDK. This allows you to add custom signed headers to the request. Following is an example: Bear in mind that some services have a white list of headers that it expects to be signed. Therefore, adding an arbitrary header can result in authentications errors. To see a runnable example, see https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_identity_test.go For more information on the signing algorithm refer to: https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/Content/API/Concepts/signingrequests.htm Some operations accept or return polymorphic JSON objects. The SDK models such objects as interfaces. Further the SDK provides structs that implement such interfaces. Thus, for all operations that expect interfaces as input, pass the struct in the SDK that satisfies such interface. For example: In the case of a polymorphic response you can type assert the interface to the expected type. For example: An example of polymorphic JSON request handling can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_test.go#L63 When calling a list operation, the operation will retrieve a page of results. To retrieve more data, call the list operation again, passing in the value of the most recent response's OpcNextPage as the value of Page in the next list operation call. When there is no more data the OpcNextPage field will be nil. An example of pagination using this logic can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_pagination_test.go The SDK has a built-in logging mechanism used internally. The internal logging logic is used to record the raw http requests, responses and potential errors when (un)marshalling request and responses. Built-in logging in the SDK is controlled via the environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" and its contents. The below are possible values for the "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" variable 1. "info" or "i" enables all info logging messages 2. "debug" or "d" enables all debug and info logging messages 3. "verbose" or "v" or "1" enables all verbose, debug and info logging messages 4. "null" turns all logging messages off. If the value of the environment variable does not match any of the above then default logging level is "info". If the environment variable is not present then no logging messages are emitted. The default destination for logging is Stderr and if you want to output log to a file you can set via environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_OUTPUT_MODE". The below are possible values 1. "file" or "f" enables all logging output saved to file 2. "combine" or "c" enables all logging output to both stderr and file You can also customize the log file location and name via "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_FILE" environment variable, the value should be the path to a specific file If this environment variable is not present, the default location will be the project root path Sometimes you may need to wait until an attribute of a resource, such as an instance or a VCN, reaches a certain state. An example of this would be launching an instance and then waiting for the instance to become available, or waiting until a subnet in a VCN has been terminated. You might also want to retry the same operation again if there's network issue etc... This can be accomplished by using the RequestMetadata.RetryPolicy. You can find the examples here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_retry_test.go The GO SDK uses the net/http package to make calls to OCI services. If your environment requires you to use a proxy server for outgoing HTTP requests then you can set this up in the following ways: 1. Configuring environment variable as described here https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/#ProxyFromEnvironment 2. Modifying the underlying Transport struct for a service client In order to modify the underlying Transport struct in HttpClient, you can do something similar to (sample code for audit service client): The Object Storage service supports multipart uploads to make large object uploads easier by splitting the large object into parts. The Go SDK supports raw multipart upload operations for advanced use cases, as well as a higher level upload class that uses the multipart upload APIs. For links to the APIs used for multipart upload operations, see Managing Multipart Uploads (https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/Object/Tasks/usingmultipartuploads.htm). Higher level multipart uploads are implemented using the UploadManager, which will: split a large object into parts for you, upload the parts in parallel, and then recombine and commit the parts as a single object in storage. This code sample shows how to use the UploadManager to automatically split an object into parts for upload to simplify interaction with the Object Storage service: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_objectstorage_test.go Some response fields are enum-typed. In the future, individual services may return values not covered by existing enums for that field. To address this possibility, every enum-type response field is a modeled as a type that supports any string. Thus if a service returns a value that is not recognized by your version of the SDK, then the response field will be set to this value. When individual services return a polymorphic JSON response not available as a concrete struct, the SDK will return an implementation that only satisfies the interface modeling the polymorphic JSON response. If you are using a version of the SDK released prior to the announcement of a new region, you may need to use a workaround to reach it, depending on whether the region is in the oraclecloud.com realm. A region is a localized geographic area. For more information on regions and how to identify them, see Regions and Availability Domains(https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/General/Concepts/regions.htm). A realm is a set of regions that share entities. You can identify your realm by looking at the domain name at the end of the network address. For example, the realm for xyz.abc.123.oraclecloud.com is oraclecloud.com. oraclecloud.com Realm: For regions in the oraclecloud.com realm, even if common.Region does not contain the new region, the forward compatibility of the SDK can automatically handle it. You can pass new region names just as you would pass ones that are already defined. For more information on passing region names in the configuration, see Configuring (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring). For details on common.Region, see (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/common.go). Other Realms: For regions in realms other than oraclecloud.com, you can use the following workarounds to reach new regions with earlier versions of the SDK. NOTE: Be sure to supply the appropriate endpoints for your region. You can overwrite the target host with client.Host: If you are authenticating via instance principals, you can set the authentication endpoint in an environment variable: Got a fix for a bug, or a new feature you'd like to contribute? The SDK is open source and accepting pull requests on GitHub https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk Licensing information available at: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/LICENSE.txt To be notified when a new version of the Go SDK is released, subscribe to the following feed: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/releases.atom Please refer to this link: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk#help

Package distillog provides a minimalistic logging interface (inspired by the stdlib) that also supports levelled logging. You can instantiate a logger (that adheres to the Logger interface) or use the pkg level log functions (like the stdlib). You can set where the log messages are sent to by either either instantiating your own logger using the appropriate constructor function, or by using SetOutput to configure the pkg level logger. You may also use `lumberjack` or a similar library in conjunction with this one to manage (rotate) your log files. Visit the README at https://github.com/amoghe/distillog

Package cgi implements the common gateway interface (CGI) for Caddy, a modern, full-featured, easy-to-use web server. This plugin lets you generate dynamic content on your website by means of command line scripts. To collect information about the inbound HTTP request, your script examines certain environment variables such as PATH_INFO and QUERY_STRING. Then, to return a dynamically generated web page to the client, your script simply writes content to standard output. In the case of POST requests, your script reads additional inbound content from standard input. The advantage of CGI is that you do not need to fuss with server startup and persistence, long term memory management, sockets, and crash recovery. Your script is called when a request matches one of the patterns that you specify in your Caddyfile. As soon as your script completes its response, it terminates. This simplicity makes CGI a perfect complement to the straightforward operation and configuration of Caddy. The benefits of Caddy, including HTTPS by default, basic access authentication, and lots of middleware options extend easily to your CGI scripts. CGI has some disadvantages. For one, Caddy needs to start a new process for each request. This can adversely impact performance and, if resources are shared between CGI applications, may require the use of some interprocess synchronization mechanism such as a file lock. Your server’s responsiveness could in some circumstances be affected, such as when your web server is hit with very high demand, when your script’s dependencies require a long startup, or when concurrently running scripts take a long time to respond. However, in many cases, such as using a pre-compiled CGI application like fossil or a Lua script, the impact will generally be insignificant. Another restriction of CGI is that scripts will be run with the same permissions as Caddy itself. This can sometimes be less than ideal, for example when your script needs to read or write files associated with a different owner. Serving dynamic content exposes your server to more potential threats than serving static pages. There are a number of considerations of which you should be aware when using CGI applications. CGI SCRIPTS SHOULD BE LOCATED OUTSIDE OF CADDY’S DOCUMENT ROOT. Otherwise, an inadvertent misconfiguration could result in Caddy delivering the script as an ordinary static resource. At best, this could merely confuse the site visitor. At worst, it could expose sensitive internal information that should not leave the server. MISTRUST THE CONTENTS OF PATH_INFO, QUERY_STRING AND STANDARD INPUT. Most of the environment variables available to your CGI program are inherently safe because they originate with Caddy and cannot be modified by external users. This is not the case with PATH_INFO, QUERY_STRING and, in the case of POST actions, the contents of standard input. Be sure to validate and sanitize all inbound content. If you use a CGI library or framework to process your scripts, make sure you understand its limitations. An error in a CGI application is generally handled within the application itself and reported in the headers it returns. Additionally, if the Caddy errors directive is enabled, any content the application writes to its standard error stream will be written to the error log. This can be useful to diagnose problems with the execution of the CGI application. Your CGI application can be executed directly or indirectly. In the direct case, the application can be a compiled native executable or it can be a shell script that contains as its first line a shebang that identifies the interpreter to which the file’s name should be passed. Caddy must have permission to execute the application. On Posix systems this will mean making sure the application’s ownership and permission bits are set appropriately; on Windows, this may involve properly setting up the filename extension association. In the indirect case, the name of the CGI script is passed to an interpreter such as lua, perl or python. The basic cgi directive lets you associate a single pattern with a particular script. The directive can be repeated any reasonable number of times. Here is the basic syntax: For example: When a request such as https://example.com/report or https://example.com/report/weekly arrives, the cgi middleware will detect the match and invoke the script named /usr/local/cgi-bin/report. The current working directory will be the same as Caddy itself. Here, it is assumed that the script is self-contained, for example a pre-compiled CGI application or a shell script. Here is an example of a standalone script, similar to one used in the cgi plugin’s test suite: The environment variables PATH_INFO and QUERY_STRING are populated and passed to the script automatically. There are a number of other standard CGI variables included that are described below. If you need to pass any special environment variables or allow any environment variables that are part of Caddy’s process to pass to your script, you will need to use the advanced directive syntax described below. The values used for the script name and its arguments are subject to placeholder replacement. In addition to the standard Caddy placeholders such as {method} and {host}, the following placeholder substitutions are made: - {.} is replaced with Caddy’s current working directory - {match} is replaced with the portion of the request that satisfies the match directive - {root} is replaced with Caddy’s specified root directory You can include glob wildcards in your matches. Basically, an asterisk represents a sequence of zero or more non-slash characters and a question mark represents a single non-slash character. These wildcards can be used multiple times in a match expression. See the documentation for path/Match in the Go standard library for more details about glob matching. Here is an example directive: In this case, the cgi middleware will match requests such as https://example.com/report/weekly.lua and https://example.com/report/report.lua/weekly but not https://example.com/report.lua. The use of the asterisk expands to any character sequence within a directory. For example, if the request is made, the following command is executed: Note that the portion of the request that follows the match is not included. That information is conveyed to the script by means of environment variables. In this example, the Lua interpreter is invoked directly from Caddy, so the Lua script does not need the shebang that would be needed in a standalone script. This method facilitates the use of CGI on the Windows platform. In order to specify custom environment variables, pass along one or more environment variables known to Caddy, or specify more than one match pattern for a given rule, you will need to use the advanced directive syntax. That looks like this: For example, With the advanced syntax, the exec subdirective must appear exactly once. The match subdirective must appear at least once. The env, pass_env, empty_env, and except subdirectives can appear any reasonable number of times. pass_all_env, dir may appear once. The dir subdirective specifies the CGI executable’s working directory. If it is not specified, Caddy’s current working directory is used. The except subdirective uses the same pattern matching logic that is used with the match subdirective except that the request must match a rule fully; no request path prefix matching is performed. Any request that matches a match pattern is then checked with the patterns in except, if any. If any matches are made with the except pattern, the request is rejected and passed along to subsequent handlers. This is a convenient way to have static file resources served properly rather than being confused as CGI applications. The empty_env subdirective is used to pass one or more empty environment variables. Some CGI scripts may expect the server to pass certain empty variables rather than leaving them unset. This subdirective allows you to deal with those situations. The values associated with environment variable keys are all subject to placeholder substitution, just as with the script name and arguments. If your CGI application runs properly at the command line but fails to run from Caddy it is possible that certain environment variables may be missing. For example, the ruby gem loader evidently requires the HOME environment variable to be set; you can do this with the subdirective pass_env HOME. Another class of problematic applications require the COMPUTERNAME variable. The pass_all_env subdirective instructs Caddy to pass each environment variable it knows about to the CGI excutable. This addresses a common frustration that is caused when an executable requires an environment variable and fails without a descriptive error message when the variable cannot be found. These applications often run fine from the command prompt but fail when invoked with CGI. The risk with this subdirective is that a lot of server information is shared with the CGI executable. Use this subdirective only with CGI applications that you trust not to leak this information. If you protect your CGI application with the Caddy JWT middleware, your program will have access to the token’s payload claims by means of environment variables. For example, the following token claims will be available with the following environment variables All values are conveyed as strings, so some conversion may be necessary in your program. No placeholder substitutions are made on these values. If you run into unexpected results with the CGI plugin, you are able to examine the environment in which your CGI application runs. To enter inspection mode, add the subdirective inspect to your CGI configuration block. This is a development option that should not be used in production. When in inspection mode, the plugin will respond to matching requests with a page that displays variables of interest. In particular, it will show the replacement value of {match} and the environment variables to which your CGI application has access. For example, consider this example CGI block: When you request a matching URL, for example, the Caddy server will deliver a text page similar to the following. The CGI application (in this case, wapptclsh) will not be called. This information can be used to diagnose problems with how a CGI application is called. To return to operation mode, remove or comment out the inspect subdirective. In this example, the Caddyfile looks like this: Note that a request for /show gets mapped to a script named /usr/local/cgi-bin/report/gen. There is no need for any element of the script name to match any element of the match pattern. The contents of /usr/local/cgi-bin/report/gen are: The purpose of this script is to show how request information gets communicated to a CGI script. Note that POST data must be read from standard input. In this particular case, posted data gets stored in the variable POST_DATA. Your script may use a different method to read POST content. Secondly, the SCRIPT_EXEC variable is not a CGI standard. It is provided by this middleware and contains the entire command line, including all arguments, with which the CGI script was executed. When a browser requests the response looks like When a client makes a POST request, such as with the following command the response looks the same except for the following lines: The fossil distributed software management tool is a native executable that supports interaction as a CGI application. In this example, /usr/bin/fossil is the executable and /home/quixote/projects.fossil is the fossil repository. To configure Caddy to serve it, use a cgi directive something like this in your Caddyfile: In your /usr/local/cgi-bin directory, make a file named projects with the following single line: The fossil documentation calls this a command file. When fossil is invoked after a request to /projects, it examines the relevant environment variables and responds as a CGI application. If you protect /projects with basic HTTP authentication, you may wish to enable the ALLOW REMOTE_USER AUTHENTICATION option when setting up fossil. This lets fossil dispense with its own authentication, assuming it has an account for the user. The agedu utility can be used to identify unused files that are taking up space on your storage media. Like fossil, it can be used in different modes including CGI. First, use it from the command line to generate an index of a directory, for example In your Caddyfile, include a directive that references the generated index: You will want to protect the /agedu resource with some sort of access control, for example HTTP Basic Authentication. This small example demonstrates how to write a CGI program in Go. The use of a bytes.Buffer makes it easy to report the content length in the CGI header. When this program is compiled and installed as /usr/local/bin/servertime, the following directive in your Caddy file will make it available: The cgit application provides an attractive and useful web interface to git repositories. Here is how to run it with Caddy. After compiling cgit, you can place the executable somewhere out of Caddy’s document root. In this example, it is located in /usr/local/cgi-bin. A sample configuration file is included in the project’s cgitrc.5.txt file. You can use it as a starting point for your configuration. The default location for this file is /etc/cgitrc but in this example the location /home/quixote/caddy/cgitrc. Note that changing the location of this file from its default will necessitate the inclusion of the environment variable CGIT_CONFIG in the Caddyfile cgi directive. When you edit the repository stanzas in this file, be sure each repo.path item refers to the .git directory within a working checkout. Here is an example stanza: Also, you will likely want to change cgit’s cache directory from its default in /var/cache (generally accessible only to root) to a location writeable by Caddy. In this example, cgitrc contains the line You may need to create the cgit subdirectory. There are some static cgit resources (namely, cgit.css, favicon.ico, and cgit.png) that will be accessed from Caddy’s document tree. For this example, these files are placed in a directory named cgit-resource. The following lines are part of the cgitrc file: Additionally, you will likely need to tweak the various file viewer filters such source-filter and about-filter based on your system. The following Caddyfile directive will allow you to access the cgit application at /cgit: Feeling reckless? You can run PHP in CGI mode. In general, FastCGI is the preferred method to run PHP if your application has many pages or a fair amount of database activity. But for small PHP programs that are seldom used, CGI can work fine. You’ll need the php-cgi interpreter for your platform. This may involve downloading the executable or downloading and then compiling the source code. For this example, assume the interpreter is installed as /usr/local/bin/php-cgi. Additionally, because of the way PHP operates in CGI mode, you will need an intermediate script. This one works in Posix environments: This script can be reused for multiple cgi directives. In this example, it is installed as /usr/local/cgi-bin/phpwrap. The argument following -c is your initialization file for PHP. In this example, it is named /home/quixote/.config/php/php-cgi.ini. Two PHP files will be used for this example. The first, /usr/local/cgi-bin/sample/min.php, looks like this: The second, /usr/local/cgi-bin/sample/action.php, follows: The following directive in your Caddyfile will make the application available at sample/min.php: This examples demonstrates printing a CGI rule

This is the official Go SDK for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#installing for installation instructions. Refer to https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring for configuration instructions. The following example shows how to get started with the SDK. The example belows creates an identityClient struct with the default configuration. It then utilizes the identityClient to list availability domains and prints them out to stdout More examples can be found in the SDK Github repo: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/tree/master/example Optional fields are represented with the `mandatory:"false"` tag on input structs. The SDK will omit all optional fields that are nil when making requests. In the case of enum-type fields, the SDK will omit fields whose value is an empty string. The SDK uses pointers for primitive types in many input structs. To aid in the construction of such structs, the SDK provides functions that return a pointer for a given value. For example: The SDK exposes functionality that allows the user to customize any http request before is sent to the service. You can do so by setting the `Interceptor` field in any of the `Client` structs. For example: The Interceptor closure gets called before the signing process, thus any changes done to the request will be properly signed and submitted to the service. The SDK exposes a stand-alone signer that can be used to signing custom requests. Related code can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/http_signer.go. The example below shows how to create a default signer. The signer also allows more granular control on the headers used for signing. For example: You can combine a custom signer with the exposed clients in the SDK. This allows you to add custom signed headers to the request. Following is an example: Bear in mind that some services have a white list of headers that it expects to be signed. Therefore, adding an arbitrary header can result in authentications errors. To see a runnable example, see https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_identity_test.go For more information on the signing algorithm refer to: https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/Content/API/Concepts/signingrequests.htm Some operations accept or return polymorphic JSON objects. The SDK models such objects as interfaces. Further the SDK provides structs that implement such interfaces. Thus, for all operations that expect interfaces as input, pass the struct in the SDK that satisfies such interface. For example: In the case of a polymorphic response you can type assert the interface to the expected type. For example: An example of polymorphic JSON request handling can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_test.go#L63 When calling a list operation, the operation will retrieve a page of results. To retrieve more data, call the list operation again, passing in the value of the most recent response's OpcNextPage as the value of Page in the next list operation call. When there is no more data the OpcNextPage field will be nil. An example of pagination using this logic can be found here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_core_pagination_test.go The SDK has a built-in logging mechanism used internally. The internal logging logic is used to record the raw http requests, responses and potential errors when (un)marshalling request and responses. Built-in logging in the SDK is controlled via the environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" and its contents. The below are possible values for the "OCI_GO_SDK_DEBUG" variable 1. "info" or "i" enables all info logging messages 2. "debug" or "d" enables all debug and info logging messages 3. "verbose" or "v" or "1" enables all verbose, debug and info logging messages 4. "null" turns all logging messages off. If the value of the environment variable does not match any of the above then default logging level is "info". If the environment variable is not present then no logging messages are emitted. The default destination for logging is Stderr and if you want to output log to a file you can set via environment variable "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_OUTPUT_MODE". The below are possible values 1. "file" or "f" enables all logging output saved to file 2. "combine" or "c" enables all logging output to both stderr and file You can also customize the log file location and name via "OCI_GO_SDK_LOG_FILE" environment variable, the value should be the path to a specific file If this environment variable is not present, the default location will be the project root path Sometimes you may need to wait until an attribute of a resource, such as an instance or a VCN, reaches a certain state. An example of this would be launching an instance and then waiting for the instance to become available, or waiting until a subnet in a VCN has been terminated. You might also want to retry the same operation again if there's network issue etc... This can be accomplished by using the RequestMetadata.RetryPolicy. You can find the examples here: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_retry_test.go The GO SDK uses the net/http package to make calls to OCI services. If your environment requires you to use a proxy server for outgoing HTTP requests then you can set this up in the following ways: 1. Configuring environment variable as described here https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/#ProxyFromEnvironment 2. Modifying the underlying Transport struct for a service client In order to modify the underlying Transport struct in HttpClient, you can do something similar to (sample code for audit service client): The Object Storage service supports multipart uploads to make large object uploads easier by splitting the large object into parts. The Go SDK supports raw multipart upload operations for advanced use cases, as well as a higher level upload class that uses the multipart upload APIs. For links to the APIs used for multipart upload operations, see Managing Multipart Uploads (https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/Object/Tasks/usingmultipartuploads.htm). Higher level multipart uploads are implemented using the UploadManager, which will: split a large object into parts for you, upload the parts in parallel, and then recombine and commit the parts as a single object in storage. This code sample shows how to use the UploadManager to automatically split an object into parts for upload to simplify interaction with the Object Storage service: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/example/example_objectstorage_test.go Some response fields are enum-typed. In the future, individual services may return values not covered by existing enums for that field. To address this possibility, every enum-type response field is a modeled as a type that supports any string. Thus if a service returns a value that is not recognized by your version of the SDK, then the response field will be set to this value. When individual services return a polymorphic JSON response not available as a concrete struct, the SDK will return an implementation that only satisfies the interface modeling the polymorphic JSON response. If you are using a version of the SDK released prior to the announcement of a new region, you may need to use a workaround to reach it, depending on whether the region is in the oraclecloud.com realm. A region is a localized geographic area. For more information on regions and how to identify them, see Regions and Availability Domains(https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/iaas/Content/General/Concepts/regions.htm). A realm is a set of regions that share entities. You can identify your realm by looking at the domain name at the end of the network address. For example, the realm for xyz.abc.123.oraclecloud.com is oraclecloud.com. oraclecloud.com Realm: For regions in the oraclecloud.com realm, even if common.Region does not contain the new region, the forward compatibility of the SDK can automatically handle it. You can pass new region names just as you would pass ones that are already defined. For more information on passing region names in the configuration, see Configuring (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/README.md#configuring). For details on common.Region, see (https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/common/common.go). Other Realms: For regions in realms other than oraclecloud.com, you can use the following workarounds to reach new regions with earlier versions of the SDK. NOTE: Be sure to supply the appropriate endpoints for your region. You can overwrite the target host with client.Host: If you are authenticating via instance principals, you can set the authentication endpoint in an environment variable: Got a fix for a bug, or a new feature you'd like to contribute? The SDK is open source and accepting pull requests on GitHub https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk Licensing information available at: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/blob/master/LICENSE.txt To be notified when a new version of the Go SDK is released, subscribe to the following feed: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/releases.atom Please refer to this link: https://github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk#help

Package flume is a logging package, build on top of zap. It's structured and leveled logs, like zap/logrus/etc. It adds global, runtime re-configuration of all loggers, via an internal logger registry. There are two interaction points with flume: code that generates logs, and code that configures logging output. Code which generates logs needs to create named logger instances, and call log functions on it, like Info() and Debug(). But by default, all these logs will be silently discarded. Flume does not output log entries unless explicitly told to do so. This ensures libraries can freely use flume internally, without polluting the stdout of the programs importing the library. The Logger type is a small interface. Libraries should allow replacement of their Logger instances so importers can entirely replace flume if they wish. Alternately, importers can use flume to configure the library's log output, and/or redirect it into the overall program's log stream. This package does not offer package level log functions, so you need to create a logger instance first: A common pattern is to create a single, package-wide logger, named after the package: Then, write some logs: Logs have a message, then matched pairs of key/value properties. Child loggers can be created and pre-seeded with a set of properties: Expensive log events can be avoid by explicitly checking level: Loggers can be bound to context.Context, which is convenient for carrying per-transaction loggers (pre-seeded with transaction specific context) through layers of request processing code: The standard Logger interface only supports 3 levels of log, DBG, INF, and ERR. This is inspired by this article: https://dave.cheney.net/2015/11/05/lets-talk-about-logging. However, you can create instances of DeprecatedLogger instead, which support more levels. There are several package level functions which reconfigure logging output. They control which levels are discarded, which fields are included in each log entry, and how those fields are rendered, and how the overall log entry is rendered (JSON, LTSV, colorized, etc). To configure logging settings from environment variables, call the configuration function from main(): This reads the log configuration from the environment variable "FLUME" (the default, which can be overridden). The value is JSON, e.g.: The properties of the config string: "level": ERR, INF, or DBG. The default level for all loggers. "levels": A string configuring log levels for specific loggers, overriding the default level. See note below for syntax. "development": true or false. In development mode, the defaults for the other settings change to be more suitable for developers at a terminal (colorized, multiline, human readable, etc). See note below for exact defaults. "addCaller": true or false. Adds call site information to log entries (file and line). "encoding": json, ltsv, term, or term-color. Configures how log entries are encoded in the output. "term" and "term-color" are multi-line, human-friendly formats, intended for terminal output. "encoderConfig": a JSON object which configures advanced encoding settings, like how timestamps are formatted. See docs for go.uber.org/zap/zapcore/EncoderConfig "messageKey": the label of the message property of the log entry. If empty, message is omitted. "levelKey": the label of the level property of the log entry. If empty, level is omitted. "timeKey": the label of the timestamp of the log entry. If empty, timestamp is omitted. "nameKey": the label of the logger name in the log entry. If empty, logger name is omitted. "callerKey": the label of the logger name in the log entry. If empty, logger name is omitted. "lineEnding": the end of each log output line. "levelEncoder": capital, capitalColor, color, lower, or abbr. Controls how the log entry level is rendered. "abbr" renders 3-letter abbreviations, like ERR and INF. "timeEncoder": iso8601, millis, nanos, unix, or justtime. Controls how timestamps are rendered. "millis", "nanos", and "unix" are since UNIX epoch. "unix" is in floating point seconds. "justtime" omits the date, and just prints the time in the format "15:04:05.000". "durationEncoder": string, nanos, or seconds. Controls how time.Duration values are rendered. "callerEncoder": full or short. Controls how the call site is rendered. "full" includes the entire package path, "short" only includes the last folder of the package. Defaults: These defaults are only applied if one of the configuration functions is called, like ConfigFromEnv(), ConfigString(), Configure(), or LevelsString(). Initially, all loggers are configured to discard everything, following flume's opinion that log packages should be silent unless spoken too. Ancillary to this: library packages should *not* call these functions, or configure logging levels or output in anyway. Only program entry points, like main() or test code, should configure logging. Libraries should just create loggers and log to them. Development mode: if "development"=true, the defaults for the rest of the settings change, equivalent to: The "levels" value is a list of key=value pairs, configuring the level of individual named loggers. If the key is "*", it sets the default level. If "level" and "levels" both configure the default level, "levels" wins. Examples: Most usages of flume will use its package functions. The package functions delegate to an internal instance of Factory, which a the logger registry. You can create and manage your own instance of Factory, which will be an isolated set of Loggers. tl;dr The implementation is a wrapper around zap. zap does levels, structured logs, and is very fast. zap doesn't do centralized, global configuration, so this package adds that by maintaining an internal registry of all loggers, and using the sync.atomic stuff to swap out levels and writers in a thread safe way.

Package gizmo is a toolkit that provides packages to put together server and pubsub daemons with the following features: ## The `config` packages The `config` package contains a handful of useful functions to load to configuration structs from JSON files, JSON blobs in Consul k/v or environment variables. The subpackages contain structs meant for managing common configuration options and credentials. There are currently configs for: The package also has a generic `Config` type in the `config/combined` subpackage that contains all of the above types. It's meant to be a 'catch all' convenience struct that many applications should be able to use. The `server` package This package is the bulk of the toolkit and relies on `server.Config` for any managing `Server` implementations. A server must implement the following interface: The package offers 2 server implementations: `SimpleServer`, which is capable of handling basic HTTP and JSON requests via 3 of the available `Service` implementations: `SimpleService`, `JSONService`, `ContextService`, `MixedService` and `MixedContextService`. A service and these implenetations will be defined below. `RPCServer`, which is capable of serving a gRPC server on one port and JSON endpoints on another. This kind of server can only handle the `RPCService` implementation. The `Service` interface is minimal to allow for maximum flexibility: The 3 service types that are accepted and hostable on the `SimpleServer`: Where `JSONEndpoint`, `JSONContextEndpoint`, `ContextHandler` and `ContextHandlerFunc` are defined as: Also, the one service type that works with an `RPCServer`: The `Middleware(..)` functions offer each service a 'hook' to wrap each of its endpoints. This may be handy for adding additional headers or context to the request. This is also the point where other, third-party middleware could be easily be plugged in (ie. oauth, tracing, metrics, logging, etc.) This package contains two generic interfaces for publishing data to queues and subscribing and consuming data from those queues. Where a `SubscriberMessage` is an interface that gives implementations a hook for acknowledging/delete messages. Take a look at the docs for each implementation in `pubsub` to see how they behave. There are currently 3 implementations of each type of `pubsub` interfaces: For pubsub via Amazon's SNS/SQS, you can use the `pubsub/aws` package. For pubsub via Google's Pubsub, you can use the `pubsub/gcp` package. For pubsub via Kafka topics, you can use the `pubsub/kafka` package. For publishing via HTTP, you can use the `pubsub/http` package. The `pubsub/pubsubtest` package This package contains 'test' implementations of the `pubsub.Publisher` and `pubsub.Subscriber` interfaces that will allow developers to easily mock out and test their `pubsub` implementations: This package contains a handful of very useful functions for parsing types from request queries and payloads. For examples of how to use the gizmo `server` and `pubsub` packages, take a look at the 'examples' subdirectory. The Gizmo logo was based on the Go mascot designed by Renée French and copyrighted under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license.

Package sarama is a pure Go client library for dealing with Apache Kafka (versions 0.8 and later). It includes a high-level API for easily producing and consuming messages, and a low-level API for controlling bytes on the wire when the high-level API is insufficient. Usage examples for the high-level APIs are provided inline with their full documentation. To produce messages, use either the AsyncProducer or the SyncProducer. The AsyncProducer accepts messages on a channel and produces them asynchronously in the background as efficiently as possible; it is preferred in most cases. The SyncProducer provides a method which will block until Kafka acknowledges the message as produced. This can be useful but comes with two caveats: it will generally be less efficient, and the actual durability guarantees depend on the configured value of `Producer.RequiredAcks`. There are configurations where a message acknowledged by the SyncProducer can still sometimes be lost. To consume messages, use the Consumer. Note that Sarama's Consumer implementation does not currently support automatic consumer-group rebalancing and offset tracking. For Zookeeper-based tracking (Kafka 0.8.2 and earlier), the https://github.com/wvanbergen/kafka library builds on Sarama to add this support. For Kafka-based tracking (Kafka 0.9 and later), the https://github.com/bsm/sarama-cluster library builds on Sarama to add this support. For lower-level needs, the Broker and Request/Response objects permit precise control over each connection and message sent on the wire; the Client provides higher-level metadata management that is shared between the producers and the consumer. The Request/Response objects and properties are mostly undocumented, as they line up exactly with the protocol fields documented by Kafka at https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/A+Guide+To+The+Kafka+Protocol Metrics are exposed through https://github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics library in a local registry. Broker related metrics: Note that we do not gather specific metrics for seed brokers but they are part of the "all brokers" metrics. Producer related metrics:

Package sarama is a pure Go client library for dealing with Apache Kafka (versions 0.8 and later). It includes a high-level API for easily producing and consuming messages, and a low-level API for controlling bytes on the wire when the high-level API is insufficient. Usage examples for the high-level APIs are provided inline with their full documentation. To produce messages, use either the AsyncProducer or the SyncProducer. The AsyncProducer accepts messages on a channel and produces them asynchronously in the background as efficiently as possible; it is preferred in most cases. The SyncProducer provides a method which will block until Kafka acknowledges the message as produced. This can be useful but comes with two caveats: it will generally be less efficient, and the actual durability guarantees depend on the configured value of `Producer.RequiredAcks`. There are configurations where a message acknowledged by the SyncProducer can still sometimes be lost. To consume messages, use the Consumer. Note that Sarama's Consumer implementation does not currently support automatic consumer-group rebalancing and offset tracking. For Zookeeper-based tracking (Kafka 0.8.2 and earlier), the https://github.com/wvanbergen/kafka library builds on Sarama to add this support. For Kafka-based tracking (Kafka 0.9 and later), the https://github.com/bsm/sarama-cluster library builds on Sarama to add this support. For lower-level needs, the Broker and Request/Response objects permit precise control over each connection and message sent on the wire; the Client provides higher-level metadata management that is shared between the producers and the consumer. The Request/Response objects and properties are mostly undocumented, as they line up exactly with the protocol fields documented by Kafka at https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/A+Guide+To+The+Kafka+Protocol Metrics are exposed through https://github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics library in a local registry. Broker related metrics: Note that we do not gather specific metrics for seed brokers but they are part of the "all brokers" metrics. Producer related metrics:

Package sarama is a pure Go client library for dealing with Apache Kafka (versions 0.8 and later). It includes a high-level API for easily producing and consuming messages, and a low-level API for controlling bytes on the wire when the high-level API is insufficient. Usage examples for the high-level APIs are provided inline with their full documentation. To produce messages, use either the AsyncProducer or the SyncProducer. The AsyncProducer accepts messages on a channel and produces them asynchronously in the background as efficiently as possible; it is preferred in most cases. The SyncProducer provides a method which will block until Kafka acknowledges the message as produced. This can be useful but comes with two caveats: it will generally be less efficient, and the actual durability guarantees depend on the configured value of `Producer.RequiredAcks`. There are configurations where a message acknowledged by the SyncProducer can still sometimes be lost. To consume messages, use the Consumer. Note that Sarama's Consumer implementation does not currently support automatic consumer-group rebalancing and offset tracking. For Zookeeper-based tracking (Kafka 0.8.2 and earlier), the https://github.com/wvanbergen/kafka library builds on Sarama to add this support. For Kafka-based tracking (Kafka 0.9 and later), the https://github.com/bsm/sarama-cluster library builds on Sarama to add this support. For lower-level needs, the Broker and Request/Response objects permit precise control over each connection and message sent on the wire; the Client provides higher-level metadata management that is shared between the producers and the consumer. The Request/Response objects and properties are mostly undocumented, as they line up exactly with the protocol fields documented by Kafka at https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/A+Guide+To+The+Kafka+Protocol Metrics are exposed through https://github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics library in a local registry. Broker related metrics: Note that we do not gather specific metrics for seed brokers but they are part of the "all brokers" metrics. Producer related metrics:

Package sarama is a pure Go client library for dealing with Apache Kafka (versions 0.8 and later). It includes a high-level API for easily producing and consuming messages, and a low-level API for controlling bytes on the wire when the high-level API is insufficient. Usage examples for the high-level APIs are provided inline with their full documentation. To produce messages, use either the AsyncProducer or the SyncProducer. The AsyncProducer accepts messages on a channel and produces them asynchronously in the background as efficiently as possible; it is preferred in most cases. The SyncProducer provides a method which will block until Kafka acknowledges the message as produced. This can be useful but comes with two caveats: it will generally be less efficient, and the actual durability guarantees depend on the configured value of `Producer.RequiredAcks`. There are configurations where a message acknowledged by the SyncProducer can still sometimes be lost. To consume messages, use the Consumer. Note that Sarama's Consumer implementation does not currently support automatic consumer-group rebalancing and offset tracking. For Zookeeper-based tracking (Kafka 0.8.2 and earlier), the https://github.com/wvanbergen/kafka library builds on Sarama to add this support. For Kafka-based tracking (Kafka 0.9 and later), the https://github.com/bsm/sarama-cluster library builds on Sarama to add this support. For lower-level needs, the Broker and Request/Response objects permit precise control over each connection and message sent on the wire; the Client provides higher-level metadata management that is shared between the producers and the consumer. The Request/Response objects and properties are mostly undocumented, as they line up exactly with the protocol fields documented by Kafka at https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/A+Guide+To+The+Kafka+Protocol Metrics are exposed through https://github.com/rcrowley/go-metrics library in a local registry. Broker related metrics: Note that we do not gather specific metrics for seed brokers but they are part of the "all brokers" metrics. Producer related metrics:

Package goproperties implements read operations on .properties file. .properties is a file extension for files mainly used in Java related technologies to store the configurable parameters of an application. They can also be used for storing strings for Internationalization and localization; these are known as Property Resource Bundles. Each parameter is stored as a pair of strings, one storing the name of the parameter (called the key), and the other storing the value. Each line in a .properties file normally stores a single property. Several formats are possible for each line, including key=value, key = value, key:value, and key value. .properties files can use the number sign (#) or the exclamation mark (!) as the first non blank character in a line to denote that all text following it is a comment. The backwards slash is used to escape a character. An example of a properties file is provided below. In the example above, website would be a key, and its corresponding value would be http://en.wikipedia.org/. While the number sign and the exclamation mark marks text as comments, it has no effect when it is part of a property. Thus, the key message has the value Welcome to Wikipedia! and not Welcome to Wikipedia. Note also that all of the whitespace in front of Wikipedia! is excluded completely. The encoding of a .properties file is ISO-8859-1, also known as Latin-1. All non-Latin-1 characters must be entered by using Unicode escape characters, e. g. \uHHHH where HHHH is a hexadecimal index of the character in the Unicode character set. This allows for using .properties files as resource bundles for localization. A non-Latin-1 text file can be converted to a correct .properties file by using the native2ascii tool that is shipped with the JDK or by using a tool, such as po2prop, that manages the transformation from a bilingual localization format into .properties escaping. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.properties

Package gocui allows to create console user interfaces. Create a new GUI: Set GUI managers: Managers are in charge of GUI's layout and can be used to build widgets. On each iteration of the GUI's main loop, the Layout function of each configured manager is executed. Managers are used to set-up and update the application's main views, being possible to freely change them during execution. Also, it is important to mention that a main loop iteration is executed on each reported event (key-press, mouse event, window resize, etc). GUIs are composed by Views, you can think of it as buffers. Views implement the io.ReadWriter interface, so you can just write to them if you want to modify their content. The same is valid for reading. Create and initialize a view with absolute coordinates: Views can also be created using relative coordinates: Configure keybindings: gocui implements full mouse support that can be enabled with: Mouse events are handled like any other keybinding: IMPORTANT: Views can only be created, destroyed or updated in three ways: from the Layout function within managers, from keybinding callbacks or via *Gui.Update(). The reason for this is that it allows gocui to be concurrent-safe. So, if you want to update your GUI from a goroutine, you must use *Gui.Update(). For example: By default, gocui provides a basic edition mode. This mode can be extended and customized creating a new Editor and assigning it to *View.Editor: DefaultEditor can be taken as example to create your own custom Editor: Colored text: Views allow to add colored text using ANSI colors. For example: For more information, see the examples in folder "_examples/".

Extensible Go library for creating fast, SSR-first frontend avoiding vanilla templating downsides. Creating asynchronous and dynamic layout parts is a complex problem for larger projects using `html/template`. Library tries to simplify this process. Let's go straight into a simple example. Then, we will dig into details, step by step, how it works. Kyoto provides a simple net/http handlers and function wrappers to handle pages rendering and serving. See functions inside of nethttp.go file for details and advanced usage. Example: Kyoto provides a way to define components. It's a very common approach for modern libraries to manage frontend parts. In kyoto each component is a context receiver, which returns it's state. Each component becomes a part of the page or top-level component, which executes component asynchronously and gets a state future object. In that way your components are executing in a non-blocking way. Pages are just top-level components, where you can configure rendering and page related stuff. Example: As an option, you can wrap component with another function to accept additional paramenters from top-level page/component. Example: Kyoto provides a context, which holds common objects like http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, etc. See kyoto.Context for details. Example: Kyoto provides a set of parameters and functions to provide a comfortable template building process. You can configure template building parameters with kyoto.TemplateConf configuration. See template.go for available functions and kyoto.TemplateConfiguration for configuration details. Example: Kyoto provides a way to simplify building dynamic UIs. For this purpose it has a feature named actions. Logic is pretty simple. Client calls an action (sends a request to the server). Action is executing on server side and server is sending updated component markup to the client which will be morphed into DOM. That's it. To use actions, you need to go through a few steps. You'll need to include a client into page (JS functions for communication) and register an actions handler for a needed component. Let's start from including a client. Then, let's register an actions handler for a needed component. That's all! Now we ready to use actions to provide a dynamic UI. Example: In this example you can see provided modifications to the quick start example. First, we've added a state and name into our components' markup. In this way we are saving our components' state between actions and find a component root. Unfortunately, we have to manually provide a component name for now, we haven't found a way to provide it dynamically. Second, we've added a reload button with onclick function call. We're using a function Action provided by a client. Action triggering will be described in details later. Third, we've added an action handler inside of our component. This handler will be executed when a client calls an action with a corresponding name. It's highly recommended to keep components' state as small as possible. It will be transmitted on each action call. Kyoto have multiple ways to trigger actions. Now we will check them one by one. This is the simplest way to trigger an action. It's just a function call with a referer (usually 'this', f.e. button) as a first argument (used to determine root), action name as a second argument and arguments as a rest. Arguments must to be JSON serializable. It's possible to trigger an action of another component. If you want to call an action of parent component, use $ prefix in action name. If you want to call an action of component by id, use <id:action> as an action name. This is a specific action which is triggered when a form is submitted. Usually called in onsubmit="..." attribute of a form. You'll need to implement 'Submit' action to handle this trigger. This is a special HTML attribute which will trigger an action on page load. This may be useful for components' lazy loading. With this special HTML attributes you can trigger an action with interval. Useful for components that must to be updated over time (f.e. charts, stats, etc). You can use this trigger with ssa:poll and ssa:poll.interval HTML attributes. This one attribute allows you to trigger an action when an element is visible on the screen. May be useful for lazy loading. Kyoto provides a way to control action flow. For now, it's possible to control display style on component call and push multiple UI updates to the client during a single action. Because kyoto makes a roundtrip to the server every time an action is triggered on the page, there are cases where the page may not react immediately to a user event (like a click). That's why the library provides a way to easily control display attributes on action call. You can use this HTML attribute to control display during action call. At the end of an action the layout will be restored. A small note. Don't forget to set a default display for loading elements like spinners and loaders. You can push multiple component UI updates during a single action call. Just call kyoto.ActionFlush(ctx, state) to initiate an update. Kyoto provides a way to control action rendering. Now there is at least 2 rendering options after an action call: morph (default) and replace. Morph will try to morph received markup to the current one with morphdom library. In case of an error, or explicit "replace" mode, markup will be replaced with x.outerHTML = '...'.

Glide is a command line utility that manages Go project dependencies. Configuration of where to start is managed via a glide.yaml in the root of a project. The yaml A glide.yaml file looks like: Glide puts dependencies in a vendor directory. Go utilities require this to be in your GOPATH. Glide makes this easy. For more information use the `glide help` command or see https://glide.sh

Glide is a command line utility that manages Go project dependencies. Configuration of where to start is managed via a glide.yaml in the root of a project. The yaml A glide.yaml file looks like: Glide puts dependencies in a vendor directory. Go utilities require this to be in your GOPATH. Glide makes this easy. For more information use the `glide help` command or see https://glide.sh

Glide is a command line utility that manages Go project dependencies. Configuration of where to start is managed via a glide.yaml in the root of a project. The yaml A glide.yaml file looks like: Glide puts dependencies in a vendor directory. Go utilities require this to be in your GOPATH. Glide makes this easy. For more information use the `glide help` command or see https://glide.sh

Package pgx is a PostgreSQL database driver. pgx provides lower level access to PostgreSQL than the standard database/sql. It remains as similar to the database/sql interface as possible while providing better speed and access to PostgreSQL specific features. Import github.com/jackc/pgx/stdlib to use pgx as a database/sql compatible driver. pgx implements Query and Scan in the familiar database/sql style. pgx also implements QueryRow in the same style as database/sql. Use Exec to execute a query that does not return a result set. Connection pool usage is explicit and configurable. In pgx, a connection can be created and managed directly, or a connection pool with a configurable maximum connections can be used. The connection pool offers an after connect hook that allows every connection to be automatically setup before being made available in the connection pool. It delegates methods such as QueryRow to an automatically checked out and released connection so you can avoid manually acquiring and releasing connections when you do not need that level of control. pgx maps between all common base types directly between Go and PostgreSQL. In particular: pgx can map nulls in two ways. The first is package pgtype provides types that have a data field and a status field. They work in a similar fashion to database/sql. The second is to use a pointer to a pointer. pgx maps between int16, int32, int64, float32, float64, and string Go slices and the equivalent PostgreSQL array type. Go slices of native types do not support nulls, so if a PostgreSQL array that contains a null is read into a native Go slice an error will occur. The pgtype package includes many more array types for PostgreSQL types that do not directly map to native Go types. pgx includes built-in support to marshal and unmarshal between Go types and the PostgreSQL JSON and JSONB. pgx encodes from net.IPNet to and from inet and cidr PostgreSQL types. In addition, as a convenience pgx will encode from a net.IP; it will assume a /32 netmask for IPv4 and a /128 for IPv6. pgx includes support for the common data types like integers, floats, strings, dates, and times that have direct mappings between Go and SQL. In addition, pgx uses the github.com/jackc/pgx/pgtype library to support more types. See documention for that library for instructions on how to implement custom types. See example_custom_type_test.go for an example of a custom type for the PostgreSQL point type. pgx also includes support for custom types implementing the database/sql.Scanner and database/sql/driver.Valuer interfaces. If pgx does cannot natively encode a type and that type is a renamed type (e.g. type MyTime time.Time) pgx will attempt to encode the underlying type. While this is usually desired behavior it can produce suprising behavior if one the underlying type and the renamed type each implement database/sql interfaces and the other implements pgx interfaces. It is recommended that this situation be avoided by implementing pgx interfaces on the renamed type. []byte passed as arguments to Query, QueryRow, and Exec are passed unmodified to PostgreSQL. Transactions are started by calling Begin or BeginEx. The BeginEx variant can create a transaction with a specified isolation level. Use CopyFrom to efficiently insert multiple rows at a time using the PostgreSQL copy protocol. CopyFrom accepts a CopyFromSource interface. If the data is already in a [][]interface{} use CopyFromRows to wrap it in a CopyFromSource interface. Or implement CopyFromSource to avoid buffering the entire data set in memory. CopyFrom can be faster than an insert with as few as 5 rows. pgx can listen to the PostgreSQL notification system with the WaitForNotification function. It takes a maximum time to wait for a notification. The pgx ConnConfig struct has a TLSConfig field. If this field is nil, then TLS will be disabled. If it is present, then it will be used to configure the TLS connection. This allows total configuration of the TLS connection. pgx has never explicitly supported Postgres < 9.6's `ssl_renegotiation` option. As of v3.3.0, it doesn't send `ssl_renegotiation: 0` either to support Redshift (https://github.com/jackc/pgx/pull/476). If you need TLS Renegotiation, consider supplying `ConnConfig.TLSConfig` with a non-zero `Renegotiation` value and if it's not the default on your server, set `ssl_renegotiation` via `ConnConfig.RuntimeParams`. pgx defines a simple logger interface. Connections optionally accept a logger that satisfies this interface. Set LogLevel to control logging verbosity. Adapters for github.com/inconshreveable/log15, github.com/sirupsen/logrus, and the testing log are provided in the log directory.

Package pgx is a PostgreSQL database driver. pgx provides lower level access to PostgreSQL than the standard database/sql. It remains as similar to the database/sql interface as possible while providing better speed and access to PostgreSQL specific features. Import github.com/jackc/pgx/stdlib to use pgx as a database/sql compatible driver. pgx implements Query and Scan in the familiar database/sql style. pgx also implements QueryRow in the same style as database/sql. Use Exec to execute a query that does not return a result set. Connection pool usage is explicit and configurable. In pgx, a connection can be created and managed directly, or a connection pool with a configurable maximum connections can be used. The connection pool offers an after connect hook that allows every connection to be automatically setup before being made available in the connection pool. It delegates methods such as QueryRow to an automatically checked out and released connection so you can avoid manually acquiring and releasing connections when you do not need that level of control. pgx maps between all common base types directly between Go and PostgreSQL. In particular: pgx can map nulls in two ways. The first is package pgtype provides types that have a data field and a status field. They work in a similar fashion to database/sql. The second is to use a pointer to a pointer. pgx maps between int16, int32, int64, float32, float64, and string Go slices and the equivalent PostgreSQL array type. Go slices of native types do not support nulls, so if a PostgreSQL array that contains a null is read into a native Go slice an error will occur. The pgtype package includes many more array types for PostgreSQL types that do not directly map to native Go types. pgx includes built-in support to marshal and unmarshal between Go types and the PostgreSQL JSON and JSONB. pgx encodes from net.IPNet to and from inet and cidr PostgreSQL types. In addition, as a convenience pgx will encode from a net.IP; it will assume a /32 netmask for IPv4 and a /128 for IPv6. pgx includes support for the common data types like integers, floats, strings, dates, and times that have direct mappings between Go and SQL. In addition, pgx uses the github.com/jackc/pgx/pgtype library to support more types. See documention for that library for instructions on how to implement custom types. See example_custom_type_test.go for an example of a custom type for the PostgreSQL point type. pgx also includes support for custom types implementing the database/sql.Scanner and database/sql/driver.Valuer interfaces. If pgx does cannot natively encode a type and that type is a renamed type (e.g. type MyTime time.Time) pgx will attempt to encode the underlying type. While this is usually desired behavior it can produce suprising behavior if one the underlying type and the renamed type each implement database/sql interfaces and the other implements pgx interfaces. It is recommended that this situation be avoided by implementing pgx interfaces on the renamed type. []byte passed as arguments to Query, QueryRow, and Exec are passed unmodified to PostgreSQL. Transactions are started by calling Begin or BeginEx. The BeginEx variant can create a transaction with a specified isolation level. Use CopyFrom to efficiently insert multiple rows at a time using the PostgreSQL copy protocol. CopyFrom accepts a CopyFromSource interface. If the data is already in a [][]interface{} use CopyFromRows to wrap it in a CopyFromSource interface. Or implement CopyFromSource to avoid buffering the entire data set in memory. CopyFrom can be faster than an insert with as few as 5 rows. pgx can listen to the PostgreSQL notification system with the WaitForNotification function. It takes a maximum time to wait for a notification. The pgx ConnConfig struct has a TLSConfig field. If this field is nil, then TLS will be disabled. If it is present, then it will be used to configure the TLS connection. This allows total configuration of the TLS connection. pgx has never explicitly supported Postgres < 9.6's `ssl_renegotiation` option. As of v3.3.0, it doesn't send `ssl_renegotiation: 0` either to support Redshift (https://github.com/jackc/pgx/pull/476). If you need TLS Renegotiation, consider supplying `ConnConfig.TLSConfig` with a non-zero `Renegotiation` value and if it's not the default on your server, set `ssl_renegotiation` via `ConnConfig.RuntimeParams`. pgx defines a simple logger interface. Connections optionally accept a logger that satisfies this interface. Set LogLevel to control logging verbosity. Adapters for github.com/inconshreveable/log15, github.com/sirupsen/logrus, and the testing log are provided in the log directory.

Package pgx is a PostgreSQL database driver. pgx provides lower level access to PostgreSQL than the standard database/sql. It remains as similar to the database/sql interface as possible while providing better speed and access to PostgreSQL specific features. Import github.com/jackc/pgx/stdlib to use pgx as a database/sql compatible driver. pgx implements Query and Scan in the familiar database/sql style. pgx also implements QueryRow in the same style as database/sql. Use Exec to execute a query that does not return a result set. Connection pool usage is explicit and configurable. In pgx, a connection can be created and managed directly, or a connection pool with a configurable maximum connections can be used. The connection pool offers an after connect hook that allows every connection to be automatically setup before being made available in the connection pool. It delegates methods such as QueryRow to an automatically checked out and released connection so you can avoid manually acquiring and releasing connections when you do not need that level of control. pgx maps between all common base types directly between Go and PostgreSQL. In particular: pgx can map nulls in two ways. The first is package pgtype provides types that have a data field and a status field. They work in a similar fashion to database/sql. The second is to use a pointer to a pointer. pgx maps between int16, int32, int64, float32, float64, and string Go slices and the equivalent PostgreSQL array type. Go slices of native types do not support nulls, so if a PostgreSQL array that contains a null is read into a native Go slice an error will occur. The pgtype package includes many more array types for PostgreSQL types that do not directly map to native Go types. pgx includes built-in support to marshal and unmarshal between Go types and the PostgreSQL JSON and JSONB. pgx encodes from net.IPNet to and from inet and cidr PostgreSQL types. In addition, as a convenience pgx will encode from a net.IP; it will assume a /32 netmask for IPv4 and a /128 for IPv6. pgx includes support for the common data types like integers, floats, strings, dates, and times that have direct mappings between Go and SQL. In addition, pgx uses the github.com/jackc/pgx/pgtype library to support more types. See documention for that library for instructions on how to implement custom types. See example_custom_type_test.go for an example of a custom type for the PostgreSQL point type. pgx also includes support for custom types implementing the database/sql.Scanner and database/sql/driver.Valuer interfaces. If pgx does cannot natively encode a type and that type is a renamed type (e.g. type MyTime time.Time) pgx will attempt to encode the underlying type. While this is usually desired behavior it can produce suprising behavior if one the underlying type and the renamed type each implement database/sql interfaces and the other implements pgx interfaces. It is recommended that this situation be avoided by implementing pgx interfaces on the renamed type. []byte passed as arguments to Query, QueryRow, and Exec are passed unmodified to PostgreSQL. Transactions are started by calling Begin or BeginEx. The BeginEx variant can create a transaction with a specified isolation level. Use CopyFrom to efficiently insert multiple rows at a time using the PostgreSQL copy protocol. CopyFrom accepts a CopyFromSource interface. If the data is already in a [][]interface{} use CopyFromRows to wrap it in a CopyFromSource interface. Or implement CopyFromSource to avoid buffering the entire data set in memory. CopyFrom can be faster than an insert with as few as 5 rows. pgx can listen to the PostgreSQL notification system with the WaitForNotification function. It takes a maximum time to wait for a notification. The pgx ConnConfig struct has a TLSConfig field. If this field is nil, then TLS will be disabled. If it is present, then it will be used to configure the TLS connection. This allows total configuration of the TLS connection. pgx has never explicitly supported Postgres < 9.6's `ssl_renegotiation` option. As of v3.3.0, it doesn't send `ssl_renegotiation: 0` either to support Redshift (https://github.com/jackc/pgx/pull/476). If you need TLS Renegotiation, consider supplying `ConnConfig.TLSConfig` with a non-zero `Renegotiation` value and if it's not the default on your server, set `ssl_renegotiation` via `ConnConfig.RuntimeParams`. pgx defines a simple logger interface. Connections optionally accept a logger that satisfies this interface. Set LogLevel to control logging verbosity. Adapters for github.com/inconshreveable/log15, github.com/sirupsen/logrus, and the testing log are provided in the log directory.

Help editor to Input cjk language. Author fuhuizn@163.com Package gocui allows to create console user interfaces. Create a new GUI: Set GUI managers: Managers are in charge of GUI's layout and can be used to build widgets. On each iteration of the GUI's main loop, the Layout function of each configured manager is executed. Managers are used to set-up and update the application's main views, being possible to freely change them during execution. Also, it is important to mention that a main loop iteration is executed on each reported event (key-press, mouse event, window resize, etc). GUIs are composed by Views, you can think of it as buffers. Views implement the io.ReadWriter interface, so you can just write to them if you want to modify their content. The same is valid for reading. Create and initialize a view with absolute coordinates: Views can also be created using relative coordinates: Configure keybindings: gocui implements full mouse support that can be enabled with: Mouse events are handled like any other keybinding: IMPORTANT: Views can only be created, destroyed or updated in three ways: from the Layout function within managers, from keybinding callbacks or via *Gui.Update(). The reason for this is that it allows gocui to be concurrent-safe. So, if you want to update your GUI from a goroutine, you must use *Gui.Update(). For example: By default, gocui provides a basic edition mode. This mode can be extended and customized creating a new Editor and assigning it to *View.Editor: DefaultEditor can be taken as example to create your own custom Editor: Colored text: Views allow to add colored text using ANSI colors. For example: For more information, see the examples in folder "_examples/".

Package utron is a lightweight MVC framework for building fast, scalable and robust web applications Utron is built with focus of composability. This means, you can reap all the benefit of using utron while maintaining harmony with existing libraries and frameworks. * Session management * Middleware support * Data acess( Relational database) * Logging * Templates (views) * Configuration * Static content serving There are many frameworks out there, you might be wondering why do we need yet another framework?. We probably don't.. Utron is just a summary of the tools, and techniques I use to develop web applications in Go. This includes the best libraries, and the best organization of the code base. Utron has one of the very handy Controller( you will see more details in the controller section) * gorilla/mux: for http routing. * gorilla/session: for session management * gorm: for object relationl mapping. In all of my web application I noticed that, keeping global state brings a lot of complexities to the application, so uttron avoids this. utron applicatio is a simple struct that you can play around with in whatever way that you find suits you.

Package dataplaneapi HAProxy Data Plane API API for editing and managing haproxy instances. Provides process information, configuration management, haproxy stats and logs. swagger:meta

Package pgx is a PostgreSQL database driver. pgx provides lower level access to PostgreSQL than the standard database/sql. It remains as similar to the database/sql interface as possible while providing better speed and access to PostgreSQL specific features. Import github.com/jackc/pgx/stdlib to use pgx as a database/sql compatible driver. pgx implements Query and Scan in the familiar database/sql style. pgx also implements QueryRow in the same style as database/sql. Use Exec to execute a query that does not return a result set. Connection pool usage is explicit and configurable. In pgx, a connection can be created and managed directly, or a connection pool with a configurable maximum connections can be used. The connection pool offers an after connect hook that allows every connection to be automatically setup before being made available in the connection pool. It delegates methods such as QueryRow to an automatically checked out and released connection so you can avoid manually acquiring and releasing connections when you do not need that level of control. pgx maps between all common base types directly between Go and PostgreSQL. In particular: pgx can map nulls in two ways. The first is package pgtype provides types that have a data field and a status field. They work in a similar fashion to database/sql. The second is to use a pointer to a pointer. pgx maps between int16, int32, int64, float32, float64, and string Go slices and the equivalent PostgreSQL array type. Go slices of native types do not support nulls, so if a PostgreSQL array that contains a null is read into a native Go slice an error will occur. The pgtype package includes many more array types for PostgreSQL types that do not directly map to native Go types. pgx includes built-in support to marshal and unmarshal between Go types and the PostgreSQL JSON and JSONB. pgx encodes from net.IPNet to and from inet and cidr PostgreSQL types. In addition, as a convenience pgx will encode from a net.IP; it will assume a /32 netmask for IPv4 and a /128 for IPv6. pgx includes support for the common data types like integers, floats, strings, dates, and times that have direct mappings between Go and SQL. In addition, pgx uses the github.com/jackc/pgx/pgtype library to support more types. See documention for that library for instructions on how to implement custom types. See example_custom_type_test.go for an example of a custom type for the PostgreSQL point type. pgx also includes support for custom types implementing the database/sql.Scanner and database/sql/driver.Valuer interfaces. If pgx does cannot natively encode a type and that type is a renamed type (e.g. type MyTime time.Time) pgx will attempt to encode the underlying type. While this is usually desired behavior it can produce suprising behavior if one the underlying type and the renamed type each implement database/sql interfaces and the other implements pgx interfaces. It is recommended that this situation be avoided by implementing pgx interfaces on the renamed type. []byte passed as arguments to Query, QueryRow, and Exec are passed unmodified to PostgreSQL. Transactions are started by calling Begin or BeginEx. The BeginEx variant can create a transaction with a specified isolation level. Use CopyFrom to efficiently insert multiple rows at a time using the PostgreSQL copy protocol. CopyFrom accepts a CopyFromSource interface. If the data is already in a [][]interface{} use CopyFromRows to wrap it in a CopyFromSource interface. Or implement CopyFromSource to avoid buffering the entire data set in memory. CopyFrom can be faster than an insert with as few as 5 rows. pgx can listen to the PostgreSQL notification system with the WaitForNotification function. It takes a maximum time to wait for a notification. The pgx ConnConfig struct has a TLSConfig field. If this field is nil, then TLS will be disabled. If it is present, then it will be used to configure the TLS connection. This allows total configuration of the TLS connection. pgx has never explicitly supported Postgres < 9.6's `ssl_renegotiation` option. As of v3.3.0, it doesn't send `ssl_renegotiation: 0` either to support Redshift (https://github.com/jackc/pgx/pull/476). If you need TLS Renegotiation, consider supplying `ConnConfig.TLSConfig` with a non-zero `Renegotiation` value and if it's not the default on your server, set `ssl_renegotiation` via `ConnConfig.RuntimeParams`. pgx defines a simple logger interface. Connections optionally accept a logger that satisfies this interface. Set LogLevel to control logging verbosity. Adapters for github.com/inconshreveable/log15, github.com/sirupsen/logrus, and the testing log are provided in the log directory.

Package kms provides the client and types for making API requests to AWS Key Management Service. AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) is an encryption and key management web service. This guide describes the AWS KMS operations that you can call programmatically. For general information about AWS KMS, see the AWS Key Management Service Developer Guide (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kms/latest/developerguide/). AWS provides SDKs that consist of libraries and sample code for various programming languages and platforms (Java, Ruby, .Net, iOS, Android, etc.). The SDKs provide a convenient way to create programmatic access to AWS KMS and other AWS services. For example, the SDKs take care of tasks such as signing requests (see below), managing errors, and retrying requests automatically. For more information about the AWS SDKs, including how to download and install them, see Tools for Amazon Web Services (http://aws.amazon.com/tools/). We recommend that you use the AWS SDKs to make programmatic API calls to AWS KMS. Clients must support TLS (Transport Layer Security) 1.0. We recommend TLS 1.2. Clients must also support cipher suites with Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) such as Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (DHE) or Elliptic Curve Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman (ECDHE). Most modern systems such as Java 7 and later support these modes. Requests must be signed by using an access key ID and a secret access key. We strongly recommend that you do not use your AWS account (root) access key ID and secret key for everyday work with AWS KMS. Instead, use the access key ID and secret access key for an IAM user, or you can use the AWS Security Token Service to generate temporary security credentials that you can use to sign requests. All AWS KMS operations require Signature Version 4 (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/signature-version-4.html). AWS KMS supports AWS CloudTrail, a service that logs AWS API calls and related events for your AWS account and delivers them to an Amazon S3 bucket that you specify. By using the information collected by CloudTrail, you can determine what requests were made to AWS KMS, who made the request, when it was made, and so on. To learn more about CloudTrail, including how to turn it on and find your log files, see the AWS CloudTrail User Guide (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/). For more information about credentials and request signing, see the following: AWS Security Credentials (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/aws-security-credentials.html) This topic provides general information about the types of credentials used for accessing AWS. Temporary Security Credentials (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_temp.html) This section of the IAM User Guide describes how to create and use temporary security credentials. Signature Version 4 Signing Process (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/signature-version-4.html) This set of topics walks you through the process of signing a request using an access key ID and a secret access key. Of the APIs discussed in this guide, the following will prove the most useful for most applications. You will likely perform actions other than these, such as creating keys and assigning policies, by using the console. Encrypt Decrypt GenerateDataKey GenerateDataKeyWithoutPlaintext See https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/kms-2014-11-01 for more information on this service. See kms package documentation for more information. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/service/kms/ To AWS Key Management Service with the SDK use the New function to create a new service client. With that client you can make API requests to the service. These clients are safe to use concurrently. See the SDK's documentation for more information on how to use the SDK. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/ See aws.Config documentation for more information on configuring SDK clients. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/#Config See the AWS Key Management Service client KMS for more information on creating client for this service. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/service/kms/#New

Package gizmo is a toolkit that provides packages to put together server and pubsub daemons with the following features: ## The `config` packages The `config` package contains a handful of useful functions to load to configuration structs from JSON files, JSON blobs in Consul k/v or environment variables. The subpackages contain structs meant for managing common configuration options and credentials. There are currently configs for: The package also has a generic `Config` type in the `config/combined` subpackage that contains all of the above types. It's meant to be a 'catch all' convenience struct that many applications should be able to use. The `server` package This package is the bulk of the toolkit and relies on `server.Config` for any managing `Server` implementations. A server must implement the following interface: The package offers 2 server implementations: `SimpleServer`, which is capable of handling basic HTTP and JSON requests via 3 of the available `Service` implementations: `SimpleService`, `JSONService`, `ContextService`, `MixedService` and `MixedContextService`. A service and these implenetations will be defined below. `RPCServer`, which is capable of serving a gRPC server on one port and JSON endpoints on another. This kind of server can only handle the `RPCService` implementation. The `Service` interface is minimal to allow for maximum flexibility: The 3 service types that are accepted and hostable on the `SimpleServer`: Where `JSONEndpoint`, `JSONContextEndpoint`, `ContextHandler` and `ContextHandlerFunc` are defined as: Also, the one service type that works with an `RPCServer`: The `Middleware(..)` functions offer each service a 'hook' to wrap each of its endpoints. This may be handy for adding additional headers or context to the request. This is also the point where other, third-party middleware could be easily be plugged in (ie. oauth, tracing, metrics, logging, etc.) This package contains two generic interfaces for publishing data to queues and subscribing and consuming data from those queues. Where a `SubscriberMessage` is an interface that gives implementations a hook for acknowledging/delete messages. Take a look at the docs for each implementation in `pubsub` to see how they behave. There are currently 3 implementations of each type of `pubsub` interfaces: For pubsub via Amazon's SNS/SQS, you can use the `pubsub/aws` package. For pubsub via Google's Pubsub, you can use the `pubsub/gcp` package. For pubsub via Kafka topics, you can use the `pubsub/kafka` package. For publishing via HTTP, you can use the `pubsub/http` package. The `pubsub/pubsubtest` package This package contains 'test' implementations of the `pubsub.Publisher` and `pubsub.Subscriber` interfaces that will allow developers to easily mock out and test their `pubsub` implementations: This package contains a handful of very useful functions for parsing types from request queries and payloads. For examples of how to use the gizmo `server` and `pubsub` packages, take a look at the 'examples' subdirectory. The Gizmo logo was based on the Go mascot designed by Renée French and copyrighted under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license.

Package supportapp provides the API client, operations, and parameter types for AWS Support App. You can use the Amazon Web Services Support App in Slack API to manage your support cases in Slack for your Amazon Web Services account. After you configure your Slack workspace and channel with the Amazon Web Services Support App, you can perform the following tasks directly in your Slack channel: Create, search, update, and resolve your support cases Request service quota increases for your account Invite Amazon Web Services Support agents to your channel so that you can chat directly about your support cases For more information about how to perform these actions in Slack, see the following documentation in the Amazon Web Services Support User Guide: Amazon Web Services Support App in Slack Joining a live chat session with Amazon Web Services Support Requesting service quota increases Amazon Web Services Support App commands in Slack You can also use the Amazon Web Services Management Console instead of the Amazon Web Services Support App API to manage your Slack configurations. For more information, see Authorize a Slack workspace to enable the Amazon Web Services Support App. You must have a Business or Enterprise Support plan to use the Amazon Web Services Support App API. For more information about the Amazon Web Services Support App endpoints, see the Amazon Web Services Support App in Slack endpointsin the Amazon Web Services General Reference.

Package opsworkscm provides the API client, operations, and parameter types for AWS OpsWorks CM. AWS OpsWorks for configuration management (CM) is a service that runs and manages configuration management servers. You can use AWS OpsWorks CM to create and manage AWS OpsWorks for Chef Automate and AWS OpsWorks for Puppet Enterprise servers, and add or remove nodes for the servers to manage. Glossary of terms Server: A configuration management server that can be highly-available. The configuration management server runs on an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance, and may use various other AWS services, such as Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) and Elastic Load Balancing. A server is a generic abstraction over the configuration manager that you want to use, much like Amazon RDS. In AWS OpsWorks CM, you do not start or stop servers. After you create servers, they continue to run until they are deleted. Engine: The engine is the specific configuration manager that you want to use. Valid values in this release include ChefAutomate and Puppet . Backup: This is an application-level backup of the data that the configuration manager stores. AWS OpsWorks CM creates an S3 bucket for backups when you launch the first server. A backup maintains a snapshot of a server's configuration-related attributes at the time the backup starts. Events: Events are always related to a server. Events are written during server creation, when health checks run, when backups are created, when system maintenance is performed, etc. When you delete a server, the server's events are also deleted. Account attributes: Every account has attributes that are assigned in the AWS OpsWorks CM database. These attributes store information about configuration limits (servers, backups, etc.) and your customer account. AWS OpsWorks CM supports the following endpoints, all HTTPS. You must connect to one of the following endpoints. Your servers can only be accessed or managed within the endpoint in which they are created. opsworks-cm.us-east-1.amazonaws.com opsworks-cm.us-east-2.amazonaws.com opsworks-cm.us-west-1.amazonaws.com opsworks-cm.us-west-2.amazonaws.com opsworks-cm.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com opsworks-cm.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com opsworks-cm.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com opsworks-cm.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com opsworks-cm.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com For more information, see AWS OpsWorks endpoints and quotas in the AWS General Reference. All API operations allow for five requests per second with a burst of 10 requests per second.

Package sagemakerfeaturestoreruntime provides the API client, operations, and parameter types for Amazon SageMaker Feature Store Runtime. Contains all data plane API operations and data types for the Amazon SageMaker Feature Store. Use this API to put, delete, and retrieve (get) features from a feature store. Use the following operations to configure your OnlineStore and OfflineStore features, and to create and manage feature groups: CreateFeatureGroup DeleteFeatureGroup DescribeFeatureGroup ListFeatureGroups

Package ssm provides the client and types for making API requests to Amazon Simple Systems Manager (SSM). AWS Systems Manager is a collection of capabilities that helps you automate management tasks such as collecting system inventory, applying operating system (OS) patches, automating the creation of Amazon Machine Images (AMIs), and configuring operating systems (OSs) and applications at scale. Systems Manager lets you remotely and securely manage the configuration of your managed instances. A managed instance is any Amazon EC2 instance or on-premises machine in your hybrid environment that has been configured for Systems Manager. This reference is intended to be used with the AWS Systems Manager User Guide (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/). To get started, verify prerequisites and configure managed instances. For more information, see Systems Manager Prerequisites (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/systems-manager-setting-up.html). For information about other API actions you can perform on Amazon EC2 instances, see the Amazon EC2 API Reference (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/). For information about how to use a Query API, see Making API Requests (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/APIReference/making-api-requests.html). See https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/ssm-2014-11-06 for more information on this service. See ssm package documentation for more information. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/service/ssm/ To Amazon Simple Systems Manager (SSM) with the SDK use the New function to create a new service client. With that client you can make API requests to the service. These clients are safe to use concurrently. See the SDK's documentation for more information on how to use the SDK. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/ See aws.Config documentation for more information on configuring SDK clients. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/#Config See the Amazon Simple Systems Manager (SSM) client SSM for more information on creating client for this service. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/service/ssm/#New

Package emrcontainers provides the API client, operations, and parameter types for Amazon EMR Containers. Amazon EMR on EKS provides a deployment option for Amazon EMR that allows you to run open-source big data frameworks on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). With this deployment option, you can focus on running analytics workloads while Amazon EMR on EKS builds, configures, and manages containers for open-source applications. For more information about Amazon EMR on EKS concepts and tasks, see What is Amazon EMR on EKS. Amazon EMR containers is the API name for Amazon EMR on EKS. The emr-containers prefix is used in the following scenarios: It is the prefix in the CLI commands for Amazon EMR on EKS. For example, aws emr-containers start-job-run . It is the prefix before IAM policy actions for Amazon EMR on EKS. For example, "Action": [ "emr-containers:StartJobRun"] . For more information, see Policy actions for Amazon EMR on EKS . It is the prefix used in Amazon EMR on EKS service endpoints. For example, emr-containers.us-east-2.amazonaws.com . For more information, see Amazon EMR on EKSService Endpoints.

Package billingconductor provides the API client, operations, and parameter types for AWSBillingConductor. Amazon Web Services Billing Conductor is a fully managed service that you can use to customize a proformaversion of your billing data each month, to accurately show or chargeback your end customers. Amazon Web Services Billing Conductor doesn't change the way you're billed by Amazon Web Services each month by design. Instead, it provides you with a mechanism to configure, generate, and display rates to certain customers over a given billing period. You can also analyze the difference between the rates you apply to your accounting groupings relative to your actual rates from Amazon Web Services. As a result of your Amazon Web Services Billing Conductor configuration, the payer account can also see the custom rate applied on the billing details page of the Amazon Web Services Billing console, or configure a cost and usage report per billing group. This documentation shows how you can configure Amazon Web Services Billing Conductor using its API. For more information about using the Amazon Web Services Billing Conductoruser interface, see the Amazon Web Services Billing Conductor User Guide.

Package athena provides the client and types for making API requests to Amazon Athena. Amazon Athena is an interactive query service that lets you use standard SQL to analyze data directly in Amazon S3. You can point Athena at your data in Amazon S3 and run ad-hoc queries and get results in seconds. Athena is serverless, so there is no infrastructure to set up or manage. You pay only for the queries you run. Athena scales automatically—executing queries in parallel—so results are fast, even with large datasets and complex queries. For more information, see What is Amazon Athena (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/athena/latest/ug/what-is.html) in the Amazon Athena User Guide. For code samples using the AWS SDK for Java, see Examples and Code Samples (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/athena/latest/ug/code-samples.html) in the Amazon Athena User Guide. See https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/athena-2017-05-18 for more information on this service. See athena package documentation for more information. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/service/athena/ To Amazon Athena with the SDK use the New function to create a new service client. With that client you can make API requests to the service. These clients are safe to use concurrently. See the SDK's documentation for more information on how to use the SDK. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/ See aws.Config documentation for more information on configuring SDK clients. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/#Config See the Amazon Athena client Athena for more information on creating client for this service. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/service/athena/#New

Package ecs provides the client and types for making API requests to Amazon EC2 Container Service. Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) is a highly scalable, fast, container management service that makes it easy to run, stop, and manage Docker containers on a cluster. You can host your cluster on a serverless infrastructure that is managed by Amazon ECS by launching your services or tasks using the Fargate launch type. For more control, you can host your tasks on a cluster of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances that you manage by using the EC2 launch type. For more information about launch types, see Amazon ECS Launch Types (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/launch_types.html). Amazon ECS lets you launch and stop container-based applications with simple API calls, allows you to get the state of your cluster from a centralized service, and gives you access to many familiar Amazon EC2 features. You can use Amazon ECS to schedule the placement of containers across your cluster based on your resource needs, isolation policies, and availability requirements. Amazon ECS eliminates the need for you to operate your own cluster management and configuration management systems or worry about scaling your management infrastructure. See https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/ecs-2014-11-13 for more information on this service. See ecs package documentation for more information. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/service/ecs/ To Amazon EC2 Container Service with the SDK use the New function to create a new service client. With that client you can make API requests to the service. These clients are safe to use concurrently. See the SDK's documentation for more information on how to use the SDK. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/ See aws.Config documentation for more information on configuring SDK clients. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/#Config See the Amazon EC2 Container Service client ECS for more information on creating client for this service. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/service/ecs/#New

Package sts provides the client and types for making API requests to AWS Security Token Service. The AWS Security Token Service (STS) is a web service that enables you to request temporary, limited-privilege credentials for AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) users or for users that you authenticate (federated users). This guide provides descriptions of the STS API. For more detailed information about using this service, go to Temporary Security Credentials (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_temp.html). As an alternative to using the API, you can use one of the AWS SDKs, which consist of libraries and sample code for various programming languages and platforms (Java, Ruby, .NET, iOS, Android, etc.). The SDKs provide a convenient way to create programmatic access to STS. For example, the SDKs take care of cryptographically signing requests, managing errors, and retrying requests automatically. For information about the AWS SDKs, including how to download and install them, see the Tools for Amazon Web Services page (http://aws.amazon.com/tools/). For information about setting up signatures and authorization through the API, go to Signing AWS API Requests (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/signing_aws_api_requests.html) in the AWS General Reference. For general information about the Query API, go to Making Query Requests (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/IAM_UsingQueryAPI.html) in Using IAM. For information about using security tokens with other AWS products, go to AWS Services That Work with IAM (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/reference_aws-services-that-work-with-iam.html) in the IAM User Guide. If you're new to AWS and need additional technical information about a specific AWS product, you can find the product's technical documentation at http://aws.amazon.com/documentation/ (http://aws.amazon.com/documentation/). The AWS Security Token Service (STS) has a default endpoint of https://sts.amazonaws.com that maps to the US East (N. Virginia) region. Additional regions are available and are activated by default. For more information, see Activating and Deactivating AWS STS in an AWS Region (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/IAM/latest/UserGuide/id_credentials_temp_enable-regions.html) in the IAM User Guide. For information about STS endpoints, see Regions and Endpoints (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/rande.html#sts_region) in the AWS General Reference. STS supports AWS CloudTrail, which is a service that records AWS calls for your AWS account and delivers log files to an Amazon S3 bucket. By using information collected by CloudTrail, you can determine what requests were successfully made to STS, who made the request, when it was made, and so on. To learn more about CloudTrail, including how to turn it on and find your log files, see the AWS CloudTrail User Guide (http://docs.aws.amazon.com/awscloudtrail/latest/userguide/what_is_cloud_trail_top_level.html). See https://docs.aws.amazon.com/goto/WebAPI/sts-2011-06-15 for more information on this service. See sts package documentation for more information. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/service/sts/ To AWS Security Token Service with the SDK use the New function to create a new service client. With that client you can make API requests to the service. These clients are safe to use concurrently. See the SDK's documentation for more information on how to use the SDK. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/ See aws.Config documentation for more information on configuring SDK clients. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/#Config See the AWS Security Token Service client STS for more information on creating client for this service. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/service/sts/#New